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Shree Shankheshwar Parshvanathay Namo Namah Namo Namah Shree Guru Premsuraye
PADARTH-PRAKASH
(PART-1)
JEEV-VICHAR AND NAVTATTVA
COLLECTION OF ELEMENTS, GATHAS AND
LITERAL MEANINGS
COMPILED BY
ACHARYA HEMCHANDRASURI
(A DISCIPLE OF LATE PANNYAS PADMAVIJAYJI GANIVARYA)
PUBLISHED
SANGHVI AMBALAL RATANCHAND JAIN RELIGIOUS TRUST
C/o. B.A.Shah & Brothers, 76, Zaveri Bazaar, Mubai-2 Tel. 2413933, 2402206
V.S.2061
First edition
1)
2)
3)
Publisher
Cpoies:
AVAILABLE AT
P.A. Shah Jwellers
110, Heerapanna, Hajiali, Mumbai-26
Tel. No. 4937397, 3693971
Chandrakant S. Sanghvi
B/6, Ashoka Complex, Near First canal, Patan, (N.Gujarat), Tel. No.31603
2004 A.D.
Price: Rs.
We shall never forget the obligations of ascetices
and nuns who have achieved ascetism from our family they are -
3)
1) Reverent Acharyadev Shreemadvijay HEMCHANDRASURISHVARJI Maharaja.
2) Reverent Sadhvijishree VASANTPRABHASHREEJI Maharaj.
Reverent Sadhvijishree SWAYAMPRABHASHREEJI Maharaj.
4) Reverent Sadhvijishree DIVYAYASHASHREEJI Maharaj. We emotionally bow down in their feet.
Composed By: SHREE PARSHVA COMPUTERS,
58. Patel Society. Jawaharchowk, Maninagar, A'bad-380008. Tel: 079-30912149
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FOREWORD
In ancient times, people had sharp intellect. So, they could remember everything just by listening. But, as the time passed the intellect of people started declining. So, the acharyas decided that all the scriptures should be written on paper for their preservance, otheriwse the scriptural knowledge would be totally demalished due to the weakening of memory day by day. On the other hand, many tender-hearted acharyas composed many scriptures by collecting elements from the Angasutras. The acharyas in the lineage composed Prakarana scriptures by collecting elements of various subjects fromthe Agam scriptures.
many suck prakarana scriptures are existent today. Among these the knowledge of Jeevvichar, Navtattva, Dandak, Sangrahni, Three Bhashyas, Six Karmagranths, Kshetrasamas, Brihat Sangrahni etc. is very much essential to become familiar with Jain-dootrines. Even today the study of these Prakarna scriptures is widespread in the Jain Sangh
The ascetics and nuns who don't have the right or ability for reading the Agamas can also become great shcolars of scriptural elements after studying the prakarana scriptures. By the knowledge of these scriptures, one's faith in Jainism increases and gets strengthened. A scholar of prakarna scriptures is neither amazed by the miraculous scientific inventions in the present age, nor he looses faith in Jainism. His soul becomes more and more pure virtues such as humility, graveness, tolerance etc. increase in his life. He becomes firm in executing religious activities. His indifference develops. As a result, he can attain good soul-prosperity. That's why the study of prakarana scriptures is very essential in the path of sould prosperity.
I have attempted to put forth the collection of elements of prakaranas in the feet of the Sandh by the grace of gurudev. In this book I have tried to focus light on the elements of Jeev-vichar and Navtattva. After the completion of elements, the gaathas of the prakaranas and their titeral meanings are also given at the end for the benefit of the readers. The readers have to understand these elements from gurudev, cram them and revise them again and again. In this way only the knowledge of elements would become firm and stable.
Formerly, this book was published in gujarati. But, nowadways I came in contact of many teenagers who couldn't or write gujarati. This was due to their education in english medium. Among these, many were tallented and had affection for religion in their heart. I wanted to enlighten their soulds also with the knowledge of elements. For this, english translation of the gujarati book
Along with the knowledge of Sanskrit Grammar and logic scriptures, if one has learned the above mentioned prakarana scriptures, he can easily read the Agam scriptures. Those who lack the knowledge of these prakarana scriptures and in attaining their prefect hidden meanings, even if they are scholars of grammar and logic. Thus, in the absence of the knowledge of prakarana scriptures, one has to keep himself away from the true knowledge of Agamas.
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INDEX
was very much necessary. Efforts were made for this and atlast an english translation was writeen, which is published in this book. It was been throughout checked by Sir Natvarlal shah of Vadodara. I am very grateful to him at his moment.
No.
Subject
Page No
1.
Elements of Jeev-vichar
2.
I fimly believe that by the study of this book many people would attain the prefect knowledge of elements, they would strengthen their faith in Jainsim and develop emotions for attaining ascetism in their life.
Gaathas and literal meanings of Jeev-vichar
3.
Elements of Navtattva.
4.
Gaathas and literal meanings of Nav-tattva.
If any mistake has been left in this book due my lack of perfect knowledge or due to press-error and if anything has been written against Jainsim, I beg pardon for it, please, forgive me. I also request scholars to bring to my notice any errors seen inthis book, so that they canbe improved in the nect edition.
- Acharya Hemchandrasuri Sixth day of the dark fortnight of the month Mrigsirsh in the
Year V.S.2061, Pindwada.
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JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR Three Powers :- Manbal (mental power), Vachanbal (vocal power), Kaaybal (physical power).
There are two types of living beings.
(1)
(2)
Jeev-VICHAR
SANSARI - Those who are bound by the bonds of karma and are roaming in four classes of the mundane state.
SIDDH - Those who have attained liberation.
(A DISCUSSION ON LIVING BEINGS)
(A collection of elements)
The sansari living beings are of two types.
The universe can be divided into two divisions, viz.
(1)
Livingbeings
Nonliving beings.
TRAS (mobile) Those (2) STHAVAR (immobile) who can migrate willingly Those who can't mifrom one place to an- grate willingly from one other when afflicted by place to another when heat etc.
afflicted by heat etc.
Beings possessing life-spirit are called livingbeings - JEEV. Jeev is also called Prani. Beings possessing PRAN (vitality) are called PRANI (animate beings).
There are two types of prans.
STHAVAR DIVISIONS OF STHAVAR
Prithvikaay
Apkaay
Teukaay
Sukshma Badar
Sukshma Badar Sukshma Badar
1) DRAVYA PRAN
2) BHAV PRAN (vitality of body)
(vitality of soul) They can be further
Darshan (faith), divided into ten
Gnan (knowledge), sections - five senses,
Charitra (conduct) three powers,
etc. respiration, life.
Five Senses - Sparshnendriya (skin), Rasnendriya (tongue), Ghranendriya (nose). Chakshurindriya (eyes). Shrotrendriya (ears).
Vaukaay
Vanaspatikaay
Sukshma
Badar
Pratyek
Sadharan
Badar Sukshma Badar [Pratyek vanaspatikaay are only badar, but not sukshma.)
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JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
Thus, there are eleven divisions. Each of them can be further divided into two types, namely Paryapta and Aparyapta. Thus, there are twenty two divisions of Sthavar.
Beneath hells, there is ghanodadhi and beneath it there are layers of these two types of winds.)
(5)
VANASPATIKAAY - Livingbeings who have vegetation as their body are called Vanaspatikaay.
SUKSHMA - When the living beings can't be been by our leather eyes, even if countless bodies of infinite living beings are assembled together, then they are called Sukshma. (They are widespread in the entire universe).
They are of two types : 1) Pratyek Vanaspatikaay.
2) Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Pratyek - When there is a single soul in a single body, the livingbeing is called Pratyek. For e.g. trees, fruits, skin, trunks of trees, roots, leaves etc.
Sadharan - When there are infinite souls in a single body, the livingbeings are called Sadharan. For e.g. onion, sprout, moss, fungus, green ginger, wet turmeric, kunvar (a kind of herb), thor (a thorny plant), potato etc.
PECULIARITIES TO IDENTIFY SADHARAN VANASPATIKAAY
(2)
1)
Joints, the portion between two joints, fibres are hidden.
BADAR - When a single or two or countable or countless bodies of living beings, assembled together, can be seen by our leather eyes, then the livingbeings are called Badar (except Badar Vaukaay.) (1) PRITHVIKAAY - Living-beings who have the prithvi
(earth) itself as their body are called Prithvikaay. For e.g. quartz, coral, diamonds, gems such as ruby, cinnabar, mercury, metals such as gold, earth, salt, chalk, different kinds of stones, antimony, mica, etc. APKAAY - Livingbeings who have water itself as their body are called Apkaay. For e.g. water from earth, water from sky (rainwater), dew, ice, hail, water oozing out on plants, fog, ghanodadhi etc. (Ghanodadhi
is solid water beneath the heavens and the hells.) (3) TEUKAAY - Livingbeings who have fire itself as their
body are called Teukaay. For e.g. burning coal, spark, blaze, the line of light caused by a falling star, light
ening, lamplight, tubelight etc. (4) VAUKAAY - Living-beings who have the wind itself
as their body are called Vaukaay. For e.g. wind blowing at heights, wind blowing on land, whirlwind, noisy wind, ghanwaat, tanwaat etc. (Ghanwaat, Tanwaat
2) On cutting they can be divided into two even parts. 3) After cutting, if sown they grow again.
PARYAPTA - Livingbeings who have completed paryaptis proper for them or would complete them before their death are called Paryapta.
APARYAPTA - Livingbeings who haven't completed paryaptis proper for them or would die without completing them are called Aparyapta.
PARYAPTI - The power by which matter can be taken and transformed is called Paryapti.
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JEEV-VICHAR
Six TYPES OF PARYAPTIS
•
1)
Jeev-VICHAR After that within fortyeight minutes Indriyaparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Shvashochhvasparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Bhashaparyapti is completed. After that within fortyeight minutes Manahparyapti is completed.
•
2)
•
IN VAIKRIYA BODY AND AHAARAK BODY
Ahaar-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes food particles and transforms them into extract and excreta is called Ahaar-paryapti. Shareer-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing builts its body consisting of seven chief substances from the extract is called Shareer-paryapti. Indriya-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing develops sense organs from the body is called Indriya-paryapti. Shvashochhvas-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes respiratory particles, executes respiration and discharges them is called Shvashochhvas-paryapti. Bhasha-Paryapti - The power by which a livingbeing takes vocal particles, executes them as speech and discharges them is called Bhasha-paryapti.
•
4)
5)
Ahaar-paryapti is completed on the very first moment of existence. After that within fortyeight minutes Shareer-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Indriya-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Shvashochhvas-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Bhasha-paryapti is completed. After that the next moment Manah-paryapti is completed.
•
Manah Paryapti. The power by which a livingbeing takes mental particles, executes them as thoughts and discharges them is called Manah-paryapti.
TIME_OF PARYAPTIS
IN AUDAARIKBODY (THE NATURAL BODY OF HUMANBEINGS, ANIMALS AND PLANTS) • Ahaar-paryapti is completed on the very first moment
of existence. • After that within fortyeight minutes Shareerparyapti is
completed.
FIVE TYPES OF BODIES OF LIVINGBEINGS
The bodies of livingbeings residing in this world are of five types. 1) Audaarik Body - It is made of audaarik particles.
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JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
2)
3)
Humanbeings and Animatebeings (sthavar and animals) possess this body. Vaikriya BodyIt is made of vaikriya particles. Celestial beings, infernal beings, and humanbeings, animals and paryapta badar vaukaay, possessing the power of creating this body, possess this body. Aahaarak Body - It is made of aahaarak particles. When the ascetics, who possess the knowledge of fourteen purvas, have doubts in elementary thinking or when they desire to visualize the grandeur of samavasaran an extraordinary building built by the celestialbeings where tirthankars reside and deliver speeches), they develop this body and go near the Lord in Mahavideh-kshetra. Taijas Body - It is made of taijas particles. All the sansari livingbeings possess this body. It serves as a cause to digest the eaten food. Karman Body - The collection of karmas which has stuck on the soul is called the karman body. This body is also possessed by all sansari livingbeings. A livingbeing migrating to the next life takes the taijas body and karmanbody along with him.
6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22)
Paryapta Badar Prithvikaay. Paryapta Badar Apkaay. Paryapta Badar Teukaay. Paryapta Badar Vaukaay. Paryapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. Paryapta Badar Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Prithvikaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Apkaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Teukaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Vaukaay. Aparyapta Sukshma Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Badar Prithvikaay. Aparyapta Badar Apkaay. Aparyapta Badar Teukaay. Aparyapta Badar Vaukaay. Aparyapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. Aparyapta Badar Sadharan Vanaspatikaay.
5)
NAMES OF THE 22 TYPES OF STHAVARS
1) Paryapta Sukshma Prithvikaay. 2) Paryapta Sukshma Apkaay. 3) Paryapta Sukshma Teukaay. 4) Paryapta Sukshma Vaukaay. 5) Paryapta Sukshma Sadharan Vanaspatikaay.
Among these there are : 10 Sukshmas OR
11 Paryaptas & 12 Badars
& 11 Aparyaptas OR Prithvikaay The sthavars Apkaay
are also called Teukaay
ekendriya, Vaukaay
(livingbeings Vanaspatikaay possessing just
a single sense organ i.e. skin)
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Jev-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
TRASKAAY The tras livingbeings can be divided into four sections.
Tribal names
1) Beindriya.
2) Teindriya.
NAARKI Names of seven kinds of earth 1) Ratnaprabha 2) Sharkaraprabha 3) Valukaprabha 7 paryapta + 4) Pankprabha
7 aparyapta 5) Dhoomprabha 14 types. 6) Tamahprabha 7) Mahatamahprabha
Dhamma Vansha Shaila Anjana Rishta Magha Maaghvati
3) Chaurindriya. 4) Panchendriya. • Beindriya, Teindriya and Chaurindriya are collectively
called Vikalendriya. 1) BEINDRIYA . Livingbeings who possess two sense
organs - skin and tongue- are called Beindriya. For e.g. bellyworms, woodworms, conch, seashells, worms
produced in the food of the previous day, etc. 2) TEINDRIYA - Livingbeings who possess three sense
organs - skin, tongue, and nose - are called Teindriya. For e.g. ants, ial (a kind of worm), louse, bug, centipede, gingoda (worms produced in the bodies of dogs) etc.
Beneath our earth there are naraks (hells). Causes of binding narkaayushya (life of hell) are as follows. developing and running big industries, hoardings of great wealth, violent thoughts, killing panchendriya livingbeings, meat-eating etc. In hell, livingbeings endure terrible pains of heat, cold, thirst, hunger, disease, burning sensation, grief, fright etc.
PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH
They are of three types
3) CHAURINDRIYA - Livingbeings who possess four
sense organs - skin, tongue, nose, eyes - are called Chaurindriya. For e.g. scorpion, locust, wasp, honeybee, fly, mosquito etc.
(3 Paryapta + 3 Aparyapta = Totally 6 Types. PANCHENDRIYA CAN BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR TYPES
1) Jalchar
2) Sthalchar
3) Khechar
Naarki (Infernalbeings)
Tiryanch (Animatebeings)
14
1) Chatushpad 2) Urahparisarp 3) Bhujparisarp. • JALCHAR - Livingbeings dwelling in water are called
Jalchar. For e.g. fish, crocodile etc. • STHALCHAR - Livingbeings dwelling on land are called
Sthalchar. • KHECHAR - Livingbeings who fly in the sky are called
Khechar. For e.g. pigeon, sparrow, parrot, peacock etc.
Manushya (Humanbeings)
303
Dev (Celestialbeings)
198
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JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
CHATUSHPAD - Livingbeings with four limbs. e.g. elephant, cow, horse, bullock etc. URAHPARISARP - Livingbeings who crawl. e.g. snake, python etc. BHUJPARISARP - Livingbeings walking on forelimbs.
e.g. rat, squirrel, lizard, mongoose etc. Jalchar 1 Garbhaj 5 Paryapta 10 Sthalchar 3 Sammurchhim 5 Aparyapta 10 Khechar 1 Total
10 Types 20
13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)
Aparyapta Garbhaj Urahparisarp Aparyapta Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Aparyapta Garbhaj Khechar Aparyapta Sammurchhim Jalchar Aparyapta Sammurchhim Chatushpad Aparyapta Sammurchhim Urahparisarp Apatyapta Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp Aparyapta Sammurchhim Khechar
5
1)
GARBHAJ - Livingbeings who are born from mother's womb due to the contact of their parents. SAMMURCHHIM - Livingbeings who are naturally born without the contact of parents.
TWO TYPES OF KHECHAR Those who have featherwings - e.g. pigeon, sparrow, crow, parrot, peacock etc. Those who have leather wings - e.g. bat, flying fox etc.
2)
20 TYPES OF PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH
TWO TYPES OF BIRDS FROM ANOTHER POINT OF VIEW.
Paryapta Garbhaj Jalchar Paryapta Garbhaj Chatushpad Paryapta Garbhaj Urahparisarp Paryapta Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Paryapta Garbhaj Khechar Paryapta Sammurchhim Jalchar Paryapta Sammurchhim Chatushpad Paryapta Sammurchhim Urahparisarp Paryapta Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp Paryapta Sammurchhim Khechar Aparyapta Garbhaj Jalchar Aparyapta Garbhaj Chatushpad
1) Those with extended wings - Their wings are
extended even when they fly or sit. 2) Those with closed wings - Their wings are closed
even when they fly or sit.
These two types of birds dwell outside the Manushya Lok (a region in which humanbeings can dwell).
The two types of khechar haven't been counted among the 20 types of Panchendriya tiryanch.
5)
8) 9) 10) 11)
MANUSHYA
12)
The fourteen rajloks (world of livingbeings) are composed of three sections - the upper section is called
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JEEV-VICHAR
14
JEEV-VICHAR
Urdhvalok, the lower section is called Adholok, the middle section is called Tirchhalok. The earth on which we reside is Tirchhalok.
TIRCHHALOK - Jambudweep is in the centre of the tirchhalok. It's circular in shape with a diameter of one lakh yojans (a measure to measure space).
Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Lavansamudra. Its breadth is twice the diameter of Jambudweep. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Dhatkikhand. Its width is twice that of Lavansamudra. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Kalodadhisamudra. Its width is twice that of Dhatkikhand. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Pushkarvardweep. Its width is twice that of Kalodadhisamudra. Surrounding it from all the sides is ringshaped Pushkarvarsamudra. Its width is twice that of Pushkarvardweep.
THE EXTENSION OF MANUSHYALOK Jambudweep 1 lakh yojans Combining both
the sides Lavansamudra 4 lakh yojans Combining both
the sides Dhatkikhand 8 lakh yojans Combining both
the sides Kalodadhisamudra 16 lakh yojans Combining both
the sides Pushkarvardweep 16 lakh yojans Combining both (Half)
the sides Total
45 lakh Yojans Combining both
the sides Humanbeings dwell only in Manushyalok. They can go out of it with the help of labdhi (an extraordinary power) or with the help of celestial beings, but their births and deaths never occur there.
JAMBUDWEEP Jambudweep is divided into six mountains and seven kshetras (landscapes). They are respectively as follows from south to north. - LANDSCAPES
MOUNTAINS 1) Bharat kshetra
1) Laghuhimvant parvat 2) Himvant kshetra
2) Mahahimvant parvat 3) Harivarsh kshetra 3) Nishadh parvat 4) Mahavideh kshetra 4) Neelvant parvat 5) Ramyak kshetra 5) Rukmi parvat 6) Hiranyavant kshetra 6) Shikhari parvat 7) Ayravat kshetra
Similarly, there are countless dweeps (islands) and samudras (oceans).
The last island is Swayambhuramandweep. Surrounding it is the last ocean - Swayambhuramansamudra.
MANUSHYALOK - In the midst of Pushkarvardweep there is a ringshaped mountain called Manushottar parvat. The area within it is called Manushyalok. Thus, there are two and a half islands (Jambudweep, Dhatkikhand, Half Pushkarvardweep) and two oceans (Lavansamudra, Kalodadhisamudra) in Manushyalok.
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JEEV-VICHAR
15
The landscapes and mountains in Dhatkikhand are double in number to those in Jambudweep. The number of landscapes and mountains in half Pushkarvardweep is similar to that in Dhatkikhand.
KARMABHUMI - The landscapes where the activities of asi (use of weapons), masi (business) and krishi (agriculture) are in practise are called Karmabhumis or the landscapes from where the livingbeings can attain emancipation are called Karmabhumis. In Jambudweep there are three Karmabhumis, viz 1) Bharatkshetra,
AKARMABHUMI - The landscapes where the yugliks dwel are called Akarmabhumis. In these kshetras a couple of male and female is born together. After childhood, they become husband and wife. When their life is not more than six months, they give birth to another couple. Their death is due to sneezing, yawning etc. without any pain. After death they become guests of heaven. They don't have to perform jobs, business etc. Owing to their good fortune, there are kalpavrikshas (trees which fulfil desires) in those landscapes. The yugliks receive all the necessary things such as food, clothes, utensils, ornaments, musical instruments, gems etc. from them, without any efforts. There are such six Akarmabhumis in Jambudweep.
-
2) Mahavidehkshetra, 3) Ayravatkshetra.
1) Himvant kshetra
3) Devkuru
5) Ramyak kshetra
2) Harivarsh kshetra 4) Uttarkuru
6) Hiranyavant kshetra.
In the centre of Mahavideh kshetra, there is Meruparvat. (the tallest mountain). Uttarkuru is in the north of
JEEV-VICHAR Meruparvat and Devkuru is in the south of Meruparvat. Totally there are three Karmabhumis and six Akarmabhumis in Jambudweep. In Dhatkikhand, there are six Karmabhumis and twelve Akarmabhumis. Similarly, there are six Karmabhumis and twelve Akarmabhumis in Pushkarvardweep.
16
So, there are totally fifteen Karmabhumis and thirty Akarmabhumis in the two and a half islands.
5
5
5
5
5
NAMES OF FIFTEEN KARMABHUMIS Bharatkshetras
(1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep)
Ayravatkshetras
Mahavidehkshetras (1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep)
(1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep)
NAMES OF THIRTY AKARMABHUMIS
Devkurus
Uttarkurus
(1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep)
(1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep)
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5
101 Garbhaj Paryapta Manushya 101 Gharbhaj Aparyapta Manushya 101 Sammurchhim Aparyapta Manushya. 303 types
5
Totally
Harivarshkshetras (1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep) Ramyakkshetras (1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep) Himvantkshetras (1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand +
2 in Pushkarvardweep) Hiranyavantkshetras (1 in Jambudweep +
2 in Dhatkikhand + 2 in Pushkarvardweep)
5
5
56 ANTARDWEEPS - From the eastern and the western ends of Laghuhimvantparvat and Shikhriparvat two-two pieces of lands in the shape of molartooth have projected in Lavansamudra. Totally there are eight such pieces. There are seven-seven islands on each of them. Thus, there are 56 islands overall. They are called Antardweeps.
DIVISIONS OF MANUSHYA
15 Manushyas of Karmabhumis 30 Manushyas of Akarmabhumis 56 Manushyas of Antardweeps.
101 Total types Each of these 101 types are further divided into two subdivisions namely garbhaj and sammurchhim. Thus the total comes to 202. Again each of the garbhaj manushyas are further divided into two subdivisions - paryapta and aparyapta. The sammurchhim manushyas don't have any subdivisions because they are aparyapta only. Thus, the total of divisions of manushyas is 303.
Q. Where are the Sammurchhim Manushyas produced and what are their features ?
Ans. - Sammurchhim Manushyas are produced in urine, excreta, phlegm, dirt of nose, vomit, pus, blood, bile, semen, cough, mucus of nose, spittle, sweat, dirty places such as ditches of cities etc. When the abovementioned things get separated from a humanbody, an antarmuhurat (within 48 mins.) later countless sammurchhim manushyas are produced in them. Their life span is of an antarmuhurat. Their height is of angul (width of a finger) + countless. They die before completing the paryaptis proper for them. KILLING OF SAMMURCHHIM MANUSHYAS
AND THEIR PROTECTION Leaving food after eating, removing urine and excreta in gutters, spitting spittle and phlegm anywhere in the way, putting a glass after drinking water again in the pot without drying it, countless sammurchhim manushyas are produced in those things after antarmuhurat. After their production the cycle of their births and deaths continues. So, everyone must be very careful to protect them.
After eating one should clean the vessels with water, drink that water, dry the vessels with a piece of cloth, wash the piece of cloth with water in a vessel and pour the water on ground separately. One should go to toilet in open ground out of the village or city. One should remove urine in a spacious area so that it dries within fortyeight mins.
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20
JEEV-VICHAR
MANUSHYA LOK
One should mix the spittle, phlegm etc. in sand. One should take water from a pot by a dry glass and after drinking water he should dry it. One should dry the clothes wet by perspiration. By practising such deeds one can save the sammurchhim manushyas, and thus save his own soul from their killing.
TIRCHHA LOK
Jamb
bu Dweel
aran Samudra
Dhakti Khand
bu
alodadhi Samudra
got
Kome
Half Pushkar Dweep Kapeshostar Mountain
Sachi Sam
lear ke Sande
yambhuramen & Pethuraman Sant
SRO 9972
dan Dweep
Samudra
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JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
JAMBUDWEEP
56 ANTARDWEEPS
Antardweeps
South Ayravat kshetra Deergh Vaitadhya Parvat North Ayravat kshetra
Shikhri Parvat
Lavan Samudra
Antardweeps
Vrittvaitadhya
Hiranyavant kshetra O
Rukmi Parvat
69
Ayravatkshetra
Ramyak kshetra
O
Vrittvaitadhya
Shikhri Parvat
Neelvant Parvat
Uttarkuru Mahavideh
(Me)
kshetra Devkuru
Nishadh Parvat Harivarsh kshetra O Vrittvaitadhya
Jambu
Meru
dweep
Y
ou Hinant Parvat
Bharatkshetra
Maha Himant Parvat Himvant kshetra O Vrittvaitadhya
Laghu Himant Parvat North Bharat kshetra Deergh Vaitadhya Parvat
South Bharat kshetra
Antardweeps
Antardweeps
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JEEV-VICHAR
DEV (DEITIES)
They can be divided into four principle divisions
1) 25 Bhavanpati,
3) 10 Jyotish,
1) Bhavanpati
2) Vyantar
3) Jyotish
4) Vaimanik
2) 26 Vyantar, 4) 38 Vaimanik.
15
10
25
8
8
10
26
5
5
10
Parmadhami Asurkumar etc.
Total
Vyantar
Vanvyantar Tiryagjrumbhak
Total
Char
Achar
Total
Kalpopanna Kalpatit Total
23
24
14
38
PARMADHAMI They are the celestial beings who impose torture on the infernal beings of hell. They harass the infernal beings only due to curiosity and doing so, they become happy. They belong to the category of Asurnikaay, but due to the prominence of the work done by them, they are counted separately.
BHAVANPATI - The thickness of the earth on which we are dwelling is 1,80, 000 yojans. From these, removing 1000 yojans up and 1000 yojans below, 10 types of Bhavanpati deities such as Asurkumar etc reside in the middle 1,78, 000 yojans. They are extremely happy there.
VYANTAR - Among the first 1000 yojans of the earth Ratnaprabha, removing 100 yojans above and 100 yojans
24
JEEV-VICHAR below, there are marvellous and fascinating cities of vyantar deities in the middle 800 yojans.
VANVYANTAR - This is a subdivision of Vyantar. Among the first 100 yojans of the earth Ratnaprabha, removing 10 yojans above and 10 yojans below, there are dwelling places of vanvyantar deities in the middle 80 yojans.
TIRYAGJRUMBHAK- They also belong to the Vyantar speices. They shower wealth, grains, diamonds, gold, gems etc. in the houses of Lord Tirthankars during their birth etc.
JYOTISH - Jyotish vimans (dwelling places of celestialbeings) are located within a span of 110 yojans from 790 yojans to 900 yojans above the surface of earth. They are of five types 1) the moon, 2) the sun, 3) the planet, 4) the constellation, 5) the star. The moon etc. which we visualize are vimans. Celestialbeings reside in them and live a delightful life.
CHAR The Jyotish vimans of the moon etc. which are inside the two and a half dweeps and are revolving around the Meruparvat are called Char.
ACHAR - The Jyotish vimans of the moon etc. which are outside the two and a half dweeps and are standstill are called Achar.
LOCATIONS OF THE MOON ETC.
The existence of stars is at 790 yojans above the earthsurface.
After them, 10 yojans above, the suns are dwelling. After them, 80 yojans above, the moons are dwelling. • After them, 4 yojans above, the constellations are dwelling. After them, 16 yojans above, the planets are dwelling.
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26
JEEV-VICHAR
JEEV-VICHAR
VAIMANIK - Countless yojans above the jyotishvimans where a raj (a measure to measure space) is completed from the earth surface, the vimans of Vaimanik deities start.
KALPOPANNA - The heavens of vaimaniks where there is an arrangement of Indra, Samanik, (deities equal to Indra), commander-in-chief, army, assembly etc. are called Kalpopanna heavens. They are of 24 types: 12 Devloks
9 Lokantiks
3 Kilbishiyas Total 24 types
KALPATIT 9 Grayveyak
5 Anuttar Total
14 types Above the 12 heavens, there are 9 vimans of 9 grayveyaks. Above them, there are five vimans of anuttar in a single plane - one in the middle and four in the four directions.
TOTAL DIVISIONS OF DEITIES Bhavanpati Vyantar 26
99 Paryapta Jyotish
99 Aparyapta Vaimanik
198 Types Total
99
12 DEVLOKS (HEAVENS) 1) Saudharma, 5) Brahmalok, 9) Anat, 2) Ishaan, 6) Lantak, 10) Pranat, 3) Sanatkumar, 7) Mahashukra, 11) Aran, 4) Mahendra, 8) Sahasrar, 12) Achyut.
9 LOKANTIKS :- They dwell in the fifth heaven. From there they would attain humanlife and then attain liberation. So, lok = sansar, ant = end, they are at the end of sansar and are thus called Lokantik. When the Lord tirthankars accept ascetism, Lokantik deities come, a year before, to request them to accept ascetism. The Lords themselves are aware of their time to renounce the world. But it's a custom of the lokantik dieties, so, they have to fulfil it.
KILBISHIYAS - Deities who are mean like scavengers are called Kilbishiyas. They dwell beneath the first, second, third, fourth and sixth heavens.
20
TOTAL DIVISIONS OF SANSARI LIVINGBEINGS.
Sthavar (Ekendriya) Vikalendriya Narak Panch. Triyanch Manushya
303 Dev (Deities)
198 Total
563 Types
NOW WE SHALL DISCUSS ABOUT FIVE
FEATURES OF LIVINGBEINGS 1) Bodyheight or bodylength 2) Lifespan, 3) Kaaysthiti,
Pran, Yoni.
4)
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NAARKI Dhanushyas Hands
Hell
Anguls
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh
125
250
500
MANUSHYA Utsarpini
JEEV-VICHAR
1) BODYHEIGHT / BODYLENGTH MINIMUM . The height of all the livingbeings at the first moment of existence is angul
countless MAXIMUM. Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay - more than
1000 yojans. • Rest Sthavars- angul
countless Beindriya - 12 yojans Teindriya 3 Gaus
Chaurindriya - 1 yojan • Aparyapta Sammurchhim Manushya- angul
countless PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH Garbhaj Jalchar
1000 Yojans Garbhaj Urahparisarp 1000 Yojans Garbhaj Bhujparisarp
2 to 9 Gaus Garbhaj Chatushpad 6 Gaus Garbhaj Khechar
2 to 9 Dhanushyas Sammurchhim Jalchar 1000 Yojans Sammurchhim Urahparisarp 2 to 9 Yojans Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp 2 to 9 Dhanushyas Sammurchhim Chatushpad 2 to 9 Gaus Sammurchhim Khechar 2 to 9 Dhanushyas
Fishes with maximum length are seen in Swayambhuraman ocean.
Snakes, lizards etc. with maximum lengths are seen outside the two and a half dweeps.
Elephants with maximum heights are seen in Devkuru and Uttarkuru.
Avsarpini First era Second era Third era Fourth era Fifth era Sixth era
Sixth era Fifth era Fourth era Third era Second era First era
Body height
3 Gaus 2 Gaus
1 Gau 500 Dhanushyas
7 Hands 2 Hands
DIETIES Bhavanpati Vyantar Jyotish First - Second Heaven Third - Fourth Heaven Fifth - Sixth Heaven Seventh - Eighth Heaven Ninth to Twelveth Heaven Nine Grayveyaks Five Anuttars
7 Hands 7 Hands 7 Hands 7 Hands 6 Hands 5 Hands 4 Hands 3 Hands 2 Hands 1 Hand
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UTTAR - VAIKRIYA BODY: A body, different from the original body, developed by deities, infernal beings, labdhi-possessing humanbeings and animate beings occasionaly is called Uttar-vaikriya body.
1) Naarki
2) Tiryanch
3) Manushya 4) Deities
8 barleys
12 anguls
2 spans
4 hands
- double the original body
- 200 to 900 yojans.
1 lakh yojans + 4 anguls
- 1 lakh yojans
TABLE OF MEASURES
= 1 angul (finger)
= 1 span
= 1 hand
= 1 dhanushya (bow)
2000 dhanushyas = 1 gau (Nearly 11⁄2 miles)
4 gaus
= 1 yojan
29
2) LIFESPAN
The time limit for which a livingbeing dwels in a body is called lifespan.
MINIMUM
Deities, Naarkis - 10,000 years. Rest - Antarmuhurat
MAXIMUM
Sukshma living beings Sadharan Vanaspatikaay Sammurchhim Manushya Aparyapta
Paryapta Badar Prithvikaay
Paryapta Badar Apkaay
Paryapta Badar Teukaay
Paryapta Badar Vaukaay
Paryapta Badar Pratyek Vanaspatikaay
- antarmuhurat
- antarmuhurat
- antarmuhurat
- antarmuhurat
- 22,000 years
- 7,000 years
- 3 daynights
- 3,000 years
10,000 years
30
Beindriya Teindriya Chaurindriya
PANCHENDRIYA TIRYANCH
12
years
49 days 6 months
Garbhaj Jalchar Garbhaj Urahparisarp Garbhaj Bhujparisarp Garbhaj Chatushpad Garbhaj Khechar Sammurchhim Jalchar 1 crore purva Sammurchhim Urahparisarp 53,000 years Sammurchhim Bhujparisarp 42,000 years Sammurchhim Chatushpad 84,000 years Sammurchhim Khechar 72,000 years
Avsarpini
First era Second era
Third era
Fourth era
Fifth era Sixth era
MANUSHYA
JEEV-VICHAR
1 crore purva*
1 crore purva 1 crore purva 3 palyopam* palyopam countless
lifespan
3 palyopams
2 palyopams
1 palyopam
1 crore purva
130 years
20 years
In Utsarpini, exactly opposite should be known.
• In Devkuru and Uttarkuru there is always first era.
⚫ In Harivarsh kshetra and Ramyak kshetra there is always second era.
• In Himvant kshetra and Hiranyavant kshetra there is always third era.
⚫ In Mahavidehkshetra there is always fourth era.
+1 purva = 7,05,60,00,00,00,000 years. 1 palyopam = countless years.
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32
Jeev-VICHAR 3) KAAYSTHITI The time-limit for which a livingbeing takes birth in the same type, after death, incessantly is called Kaaysthiti.
Hells
Maximum
Countless Kaalchakras
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh
NAARKI Minimum 10,000 years 1 sagropam 3 sapropam 7 sapropam 10 sagropam 17 sagropam 22 sagropam
1 sagropam 3 sagropam 7 sagropam 10 sagropam 17 sapropam 22 sagropam 33 sagropam
Infinite Kaalchakras
Prithvikaay to Pratyek
Vanaspatikaay Sadharan Vanaspatikaay Vikalendriya Manushya, Panchendriya
Tiryanch
Countable years 7-8 lives
Deities - Naarkis
1 life
DEITIES Minimum Maximum 10,000 years More than a sagropam 10,000 years 1 palyopam 1/8 palyopam 1 palyopam + 1 lakh yrs 1 palyopam 33 sagropam
Types Bhavanpati Vyantar Jyotish Vaimanik
i.e. deities and naarkis never take birth as deities or naarkis in the very next life.
PALYOPAM - Dig a circular well, a yojan deep and a yojan in diameter. Make countless pieces of the hairs of the yugliks. Fill the well closely with the hair - pieces. Take out a single piece after every hundred years. The total time taken to empty the well in this way is called one Palyopam. 10 x crore x crore palyopams = 1 Sagropam 10 X crore x crore sagropams = 1 Utsarpini 10 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Avsarpini 20 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Kaalchakra
Infinite Kaalchakras = 1 Pudgal Paravart
4) PRAN (VITALITY) • EKENDRIYA (4 Prans) :- 1) Skin, 2) Physical power,
3) Respiration, 4) Life • BEINDRIYA (6 Prans) :- 1) Skin, 2) Tongue, 3) Physical
power, 4) Vocal power, 5) Respiration, 6) Life. • TEINDRIYA (7 Prans) - Abovementioned 6 + Nose • CHAURINDRIYA (8 Prans)- Abovementioned 7 + Eyes
ASANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (9 Prans) :(Panchendriyas without mental power)
Abovementioned 8 + Ears SANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (10 Prans). (Panchendriyas with mental power)
Abovementioned 9 + Mental power.
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JEEV-VICHAR
LITERAL MEANINGS OF THE GAATHAS OF JEEV-VICHAR
PARYAPTI • EKENDRIYA (4) :- 1) Ahaar, 2) Shareer, 3) Indriya,
4) Shvashochhvas. • VIKALENDRIYA
(5) Abovementioned 4 • ASANGNI PANCHENDRIYA + Bhasha • SANGNI PANCHENDRIYA (6) - Abovementioned 5
+ Manah.
5) YONI The places where the livingbeings are produced are called Yonis.
There are countless places for the production of livingbeings. But many places with similar colour, smell, taste and touch have been included in a single yoni. So, the yonis are 84 lakhs. Prithivikaay
7 lakhs Apkaay
7 lakhs Teukaay
7 lakhs Vaukaay
7 lakhs Pratyek Vanaspatikaay 10 lakhs Sadharan Vanaspatikaay 14 lakhs Beindriya
2 lakhs Teindirya
2 lakhs Chaurindriya
2 lakhs Deities
4 lakhs Naarkis
4 lakhs Panchendriya Tiryanch 4 lakhs Manushya
14 lakhs Total
84 lakhs Elements of Jeev-vichar are completed.
ભવણ-પઈવં વીરં નમિઊણ ભણામિ અબ્રહ-બોહત્ય T
જીવ-સર્વે કિંચિ વિ, જહ ભણિયં પુવ-સૂરીહિં Ill 1) Lord Mahaveer is like a lamp in the universe. After
bowing to him, I tell the nature of livingbeings in short, as narrated by the late acharyas, for the knowledge of ignorant livingbeings. જીવા મુત્તા સંસારિણો ય, તસ થાવરા ય સંસારી ! પુટવિ જલ જલણ વાઉ, વણસઈ થાવરા નેયા રિશી 2) There are livingbeings of two types - Mukta and
Sansari. ફલિહમણિરયણ વિદુમ, હિંગુલ હરિયાલ મણસિલ રસિંદા
કણગાઈ ધાઉ સેટી, વન્નિય અરણેય પલેવા Ilal 3) Sansari livingbeings are again of two types - Tras
and Sthavar. Prithvikaay(Earth), Apkaay(water), Teukaay(fire), Vaukaay(wind), and Vanaspatikaay (vegetation) are Sthavars. અભય તૂરી ઊર્સ, મી-પાહાણ-જઈઓ ભેગા |
સોવીરંજણ લૂણાઈ, પુઢવિ-ભેઆઈ ઈચ્ચાઈ III 4) Quartz, gems, ruby, cinnabar, hadtal, mansheel,
mercury, metals such as gold, chalk, redclay, arneto, parevo, mica, tejanturi, soda, clay, different types of stones, antimony, salt etc. are different kinds of
Prithvikaay. ભોયંતરિખ-મુદગં, ઓસા હિમ કરગ હરિતણું મહિઆ
હૃતિ ઘણોદહિમાઈ, ભેસાણેગા ચ આઉમ્સ આપી 5) Water from earth, rainwater, dew, ice, hail, water
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36.
oozing out on plants, fog, ghonodadhi etc. are dif
ferent kinds of Apkaay. ઈંગાલ જાલ મુમ્મર, ઉક્કાસણિ કણગવિજુભાઈઆ 1
અગણિ-જિયાણં ભેયા, નાયબ્રા નિઉણ-બુદ્ધીએ iદા 6) Burning coal, flame, spark, the line of light caused
by a falling star, lightening etc. are different kinds
of Teukaay to be known with sharp intelligence. ઉભામગ ઉક્કલિયા, મંડલિ મહ સુદ્ધ ગુંજવાયા યT
ઘણ-તણુ-વાયાઈઓ, ભેયા ખલુ વાઉકાયસ loll 7) Wind blowing at heights, wind blowing on land,
whirlwind, bigwind, ghanvat, tanvat etc. are different
kinds of Vaukaay. સાહારણ પત્તેઆ, વણસ્સઈજીવા દુહા સુએ ભણિયા
જેસિમહંતાણં તણૂ એગા સાહારણા તે ઉ illi
Jev-VICHAR ઈચ્ચાઈણો અણગે, હવંતિ ભયા અસંતકાયાણં ! તેસિં પરિજણણત્ય, લખણ-મેય સુએ ભણિએ ll૧૧|| 11) There are many such types of anantkaays. Fea
tures described in scriptures to identify them are as follows : ગૂટસિર-સંધિ-પવું, સમભંગ-મહીસગં ચ છિન્નéા
સાહારણે સરીર, તવિવરીએ ચ પત્તેય ll૧ 12) Joints, portion between two joints, fibres are hidden.
They can be divided evenly. After cutting if sown they grow again. Such is the body of Sadharan Vanaspatikaay. Contradictory is that of Pratyek Vanaspatikaay.
એગ સરીરે એગો, જીવો જેસિં તુ તે ય પdયા . ફલ ફૂલ છલિ કઢા, મૂલગ પત્તાણિ બીયાણિ II૧all 13) Those who have a single livingbeing in a single
body are called Pratyek Vanaspatikaay. e.g. fruits, flowers, skin, stem, roots, leaves, seeds etc. પત્તેયતરું મુખ્ત, પંચ વિ પુટવાઈણો સયલ લોએ 1 સુહુમા હવંતિ નિયમા, અંતમુહુરાઉ અદ્ધિસ્સા ll૧૪ll 14) Except Pratyek Vanaspatikaay the rest Sukshma
livingbeings such as Prithvi etc. are widespread in the entire universe. Their lifespan is of antarmuhurat.
They are invisible. સંખ કવચ ગંડુલ, જલોય ચંદણગ અલસ લહગાઈ |
મેહરિ કિમિ પૂઅરગા, બેઈંદિય માર્યવાહાઈ ll૧૫ll 15) Conch, seashells, gandul, jalo, aksh, earthworm,
laliya etc., mehri, bellyworms, pora, chudel etc.,are Beindriya livingbeings.
8) Vanaspati livingbeings are predicated of two types
in scriptures namely - Sadharan and Pratyek. A single body of infinite livingbeings is called
Sadharan. They are as followsકંદા અંકર કિસલય, પણગા સેવાલ ભૂમિફોડા યા અલ્લયતિય ગજ્જર મો– વત્થલા થેગ પલંકા III
કોમલ ફ્લે ચ સવ્વ, ગૂઢસિરાઈ સિણાઈ-પત્તાઈં. થોહરિ કુંઆરિ ગુગ્ગલિ, ગલોય પમુહાઈ છિન્નરુહા ll૧૦ના 9-10) Onion, sprout, tendershoot of plants, moss, fun
gus, bhumisfot, green ginger, wet turmeric, kachuro, carrot, moth, vathula, theg, pallank, all types of tender fruits, leaves of jute with hidden fibres, thor, kunvaar, guggal, galo etc.
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38
ગોમી મંકણ જૂઆ, પિપીલિ ઉદેહિયા ચ મક્કોડા ઈલિય ઘયમિલ્લીઓ, સાવય ગોકીડ જાઈઓ ll૧ાા ગદ્દહ, ચોરકીડા, ગોમયકીડા ય ધન્નકીડા ચા
કંથ ગોવાલિય નલિયા તેઇંદિય ઇંદગોવાઈ ll૧all 16-17) Centipede, bug, louse, ant, termite, blackant, ial,
ghimel, sava, gingoda, gaddhaiya, excretaworms, dungworms, grainworms, kanthva, gopalika, snail
etc. are Teindriya livingbeings. ચઉરિદિયા ય વિચ્છ, ટિંકણ ભમરા ય ભમરિયા તિજ્ઞા
મ૭િય ઇંસા મસગા, કંસારી કવિલ ડોલાઈ ૧૮l 18) Scorpion, mosquito, wasp, bee, locust, fly, dans,
cricket, spider, grasshopper etc. are Chaurindriya
livingbeings. પંચિંદિયા ય ચીહા, નારય તિરિયા મણસ દેવા ય T
નેરણા સતવિહા, નાયબ્રા પૂઢવિ-ભેએણે I૧૯II 19) Panchendriya livingbeings are of four types - naarki
(infernal beings), tiryanch (antimate beings), manushya (human beings), dev (deities). Due to seven
types of earths, naarkis are also of seven types. જલયર થલયર ખયરા, તિવિહા પંચિંદિયા તિરિખા યT સુસુમાર મચ્છ કચ્છવ, ગાહા મગરા ય જલચારી IlRoll 20) Panchendriya tiryanch are of 3 types - Jalchar
(aquatic), Sthalchar(living on land), and Khechar (birds). Susumaar, fish, tortoise, alligator, crocodile
etc. are jalchars. ચઉપય ઉરપરિસપ્પા, ભયપરિસપ્પા ય થલચરા તિવિહા !
ગો-સપ-નઉલ-પમુહા, બોધવા તે સમાસેણે રવા 21) Sthalchars are of 3 types - Chatushpad (with four
JEEV-VICHAR limbs), Urahparisarp(crawling) and Bhujparisarp (walking with forelimbs). They are cow, snake, mongoose etc. respectively. ખયરા રોમયપખી, ચમ્મચાખી ય પાયડા જેવી નરલોગાઓ બાહિં, સમુચ્ચપખી વિયયપકખી રા 22) Birds with feather-wings and leather-wings are
wellknown. Birds with closed wings and extended
wings are seen out of manushyalok. સર્વે જલ-ચલ-ખયરા, સમુચ્છિમાં ગભયા દુહા હુંતિ !
કમ્મા-કમ્મગભૂમિ-અંતરદીવા મણુસા ય ll૨all 23) Each of Jalchars, Sthalchars and Khechars are of
two types - Sammurchhim (naturally produced) and Garbhaj(produced from mother's womb). Manushyas are of three types dwelling in Karmabhumis, dwelling in Akarmabhumis and dwelling in Antarpweeps. દસહા ભવસાહિવઈ, અઢવિહા વાણમંતરા હૃતિ |
જોઈસિયા પંચવિહા, દુવિહા વેમાણિયા દેવા li૨૪|| 24) Bhavanpatis are of 10 types, Vyantars are of eight
types, Jyotish are of five types and Vaimaniks are
of two types. સિદ્ધા પનરસ-ભેયા, તિસ્થા-તિસ્થાઈ સિદ્ધ-ભેએણે !
એએ સંખેવેણં, જીવ-વિગપ્પા સમકખાયા li૨૫ll 25) The siddhas (liberated souls) are of fifteen types
such as Tirthsiddh, Atirthsiddh etc. Thus, types of livingbeings have been described.
એએસિં જીવાણું, સરીર-મા કિંઈ સકાયંમિ ! પાણા-જોણિ-પમાણે, જેસિં જે અસ્થિ તે ભણિમો ll૨૬ાા 26) Now, I shall describe the bodies (body heights),
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lifespans, kaaysthitis, prans and yonipraman of these (above mentioned) livingbeings. અંગુલ-અસંખ-ભાગો, સરીર-મેચિંદિયાણ સન્વેસિં 1
જોયણ-સહસ્સ-મહિય, નવરં પત્તેય-રુખાણ lol 27) The bodylength of all the ekendriya livingbeings is
angul + countless. But the body-length of pratyek
vanaspatikaay is more than a thousand yojans. બારસ જીયણ તિન્નેવ, ગાઉઆ જોયણં ચ અણુક્કમસો 1
બેઇંદિય તેઈંદિય, ચઉરિદિય દેહ-મુચ્ચત્ત Il૨૮. 28) The bodylengths of beindriya, teindriya and
chaurindriya are twelve yojans, three gaus and one yojan respectively. ધણસયપંચ-પમાણા, નેરઈયા સત્તમાઈ પુટવીએ ! તત્તો અલૂણા, નેયા રયણuહા જાવ l૨૯ll The bodyheight of the naarkis of the seventh hell is five hundred dhanushyas (bows). The bodyheights of the naarkis in the previous hells till Ratnaprabha
are half-half. જોયણ સહસ્સમાણા, મચ્છા ઉરગા ય ગભયા ફંતિ 1 ધણુહ-પુહુર્તા પખીસુ, ભયચારી ગાઉઅ-પુહુd Il૩૦મી
The bodylength of fishes (jalchars) and garbhaj urahparisarp is thousand yojans. The bodylength of birds (khechars) is dhanushya prithaktva (a number between 2 and 9) and that of bhujparisarp is 2 to
9 gaus. ખયરા ધણુહપુહd, ભયગા ઉરગા ય જોયણપુહુd 1 ગાઉઆ પુહુર મિત્તા, સમુચ્છિમા ચણ્ડિયા ભણિયા ll૩૧|| 31) The body lengths of sammurchhim khechars and
40
JEEV-VICHAR sam.bhujparisarps is 2 to 9 dhanushyas, of sam urahparisarps is 2 to 9 yojans and of sam.chatushpads is 2 to 9 gaus. છચ્ચેવ ગાઉઆઇં, ચઉપયા ગભયા મણેયવાT
કોસતિગં ચ મણસા, ઉક્કોસસરીર-માણેણં |૩રપી. 32) The bodylengths of garbhaj chatushpads is six
gaus and of humanbeings is three gaus.
ઈસાણંતસુરાણ, રયણીઓ સત્ત હંતિ ઉચ્ચત્ત દુગ જુગ દુગ ચઉ ગેવિડયુત્તરે ઇક્કિક્ક-પરિહાણી Il3Bll 33) The bodylength of deities till the second heaven is
seven hands. After that one-one should be decreased in the next two, two, two, four heavens,
grayveyaks and anuttars respectively. બાવીસા પુટવીએ, સત્ત ચ આઉમ્સ તિત્રિ વાઉસ્સ ! વાસ સહસ્સા દસ તરુ-ગણાણ તે તિરાઊ ll૩૪TI 34) The lifespan of prithvikaay is 22,000 yrs., of apkaay
is 7,000 yrs. of vaukaay is 3,000 yrs. of pratyek vanaspatikaay is 10,000 yrs. and of teukaay is three daynights. વાસાણિ બારસાઊ, બેઇંદિયાણં તેઇંદિયાણં તુ આ
અઉણાપન્ન દિશાઇ, ચરિદશં તુ છમ્માસા ll૩૫ll 35) The lifespan of beindriya is twelve yrs., of teindriya
is 49 days and of chaurindriya is six months.
સુર-નેરઇયાણ કિંઈ, ઉક્કોસા સાગરાણિ તિત્તિસT ચઉપય તિરિયમણુસ્સા, તિ#િ ય પલિઓવમા હંતિ Il3ઘા 36) The maximum lifespan of deities and naarkis is 33
sagropams (countless yrs.), of chatushpads and manushyas is 3 palyopams (countless yrs.)
29.
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41
JEEV-VICHAR દસહા જિયાણ પાણા, ઇંદિય ઊસાસ આઉ બલરૂવા !
એનિંદિએસુ ચીરો, વિગલેસ છ સત્ત અવ II૪રથી 42) The prans of livingbeings are of 10 types - five
senses, respiration, life and three powers. Ekendriyas have four prans, viklendriyas have six,
seven, eight prans respectively. અસન્નિ સન્નિ પંચિંદિએસ, નવ દસ કમેણ બોધવા |
તેહિં સહ વિષ્પઓગો, જીવાણું ભન્નએ મરણ ૪all 43) Asangni (without mind) panch. and sangni (with
mind) panch. have respectively nine and ten prans. Separation of prans is called death of livingbeings.
એવં અણોરપારે, સંસારે સાયરેમિ ભીમંમિ ! પત્તો અસંતખુત્તો જીવહિં અપત્ત-ધમૅહિં I૪૪.
જલચર-ઉર ભયગાણ, પરમાઊ હોઈ પુત્વ કોડીઓ ! પખીર્ણ પુણ ભણિઓ, અસંખભાગો ય પલિયમ્સ ll3oll 37) The maximum life span of jalchars, urahparisarps
and bhujparisarps is one crore purva, of birds is palyopam = countless. સલ્વે સુહમા સાહારણા ચ સમુચ્છિમા મણુસ્સા ય
ઉક્કોસ જહન્નેણ, અંતમુહુર્ત ચિય જિયંતિ Il૩૮II 38) The maximum and minimum lifespans of sukshmas,
sadharan vanaspatikaays, sam.manushyas is antarmuhurat (within 48 mins.)
ઓગાહણાઉ-માણે, એવં સંખેવઓ સમક્ખાયા જે પણ ઇત્ય વિસસા, વિસેસ-સુત્તાઉ તે નેયા ll૩૯ll 39) Thus, body lengths and lifespans are briefly de
scribed. More about them can be known from specific scriptures. એબિંદિયા ચ સવ્વ, અસંખ-ઉરૂપિણી સકાયંમિ ! વિવજંતિ ચયંતિ ય, અસંતકાયા અસંતાઓ ll૪૦ના 40) All the ekendriyas can take births and deaths in
the same specy for countless utsarpinis. Anantkaays can take births and deaths in the same specy for
infinite utsarpinis. સંખિજુજ સમા વિગલા, સટ્ટભવા પશિંદિતિરિમથુઆ 1
ઉવવર્ષાતિ સકાએ, નારય દેવા ય નો ચેવ II૪૧TI 41) Vikalendriyas can take births and deaths in the
same specy for countable yrs., Panch.triyanchs and manushyas can take births and deaths in the same specy for 7-8 lives. Naarkis and deities never take birth in the same specy in the very next life.
44) All the livingbeings devoid of religion have achieved
infinite deaths in this endless ocean of infinite mundane state. તહ ચઉરાસી લાખા સંખા જોણીણ હોઈ જીવાણું !
પુટવાઈર્ણ ચહિં, પરેય સત્ત સત્તવ I૪પા 45) The yonis of livingbeings are 84 lakhs. Each of
prithvikaay, apkaay, teukaay and vaukaay has seven -seven lakh yonis. દસ પય-તરૂણં, ચઉદસ લખા હવંતિ ઈચરેસ 1 વિગલિંદિએસ દો દો, ચઉરો પંચિંદિતિરિયાણં I૪ઘા
46) Pratyek vanaspatikaays have 10 lakh yonis,
sadharan vanaspatikaays have 14 lakh yonis, each of the viklendriyas have two-two lakh yonis, panch. tiryanchs have four lakh yonis.
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44
NAV-TATIVA
NAV-TATTVA
(NINE - ELEMENTS) (A collection of objects) Defination
Name
Types
Jeev
Ajeev
Punya
Paap (Sin)
ચઉરો ચઉરો નારય-સુરેસ મયુઆણ ચઉદસ હવંતિ !
સંપિડિયા ચ સવ્વ, ચુલસી લખા ઉ જણીણ II૪oll 47) Naarkis and Deities have 4-4 lakh yonis, Manushyas
have 14 lakh yonis. Over all there are 84 lakh yonis. સિદ્ધાણં ન©િ દેહો, ન આઉ કમ્મ ન પાણ-જોણીઓ 1
સાઈ અમંતા તેસિં, ડિઇ જિર્ષિદાગમે ભણિઆ Il૪૮. 48) The siddhas don't have any body, lifespan, karmas,
prans and yonis. In Jainagamas, their duration is depicted as saadi anant (having a starting point but
no end point.) કાલે અણાઈ-નિહણે, જેણિ-ગહÍમિ ભીસણે ઇત્ય T ભમિયા ભમિયિંતિ ચિરં, જીવા જિણ-વરણમલહંતા II૪૯ll 49) Livingbeings who haven't achieved preaching of
Jinas have roamed in this dangerous mundane state, dense with yonis, for infinite period in the past and would roam in it for infinite period in the future.
al zig ziud, Heard gate la di સિરિ-સંતિ-સૂરિ-સિક્કે, કરેહ ભો ઉજ્જર્મ ધમે II૫ગી 50) Now we have received humanlife and truefaith. So,
we must become diligent in the practise of religion shown by acharya Shantisuri.
hal yaral, 24-sel neele સંપિત્તો ઉદ્ધરિઓ, રુદ્દાઓ સુય-સમુદાઓ lill 51) This Jeev-vichar (discussion on livingbeings) has
been extracted from very deep ocean of scriptures for the knowledge of brief-liking living beings.
Beings possessing vitality (Livingbeings) Beings devoid of vitality (Non-livingbeings) Karmas which give good fruits (Good Karmas) Karmas which give bad fruits (Bad Karmas) Inlets for karma to enter the soul Doors to prevent karma from entering the soul Binding of karma on soul
Aashray (Inlets) Samvar (Doors) Bandh (Binding) Nirjara (Outlets) Moksha (Liberation)
Outlets for karma to depart from the soul The true nature of a soul free from all the karmas.
Total types
276 Gney = proper to know - Jeev, Ajeev Hey - proper to abandon :- Paap, Aashrav, Bandh. Upadey - proper to accept :- Punya, Samvar, Nirjara, Moksha.
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45
DESCRIPTION OF NINE ELEMENTS
WITH A SIMILE OF LAKE
1) JEEV - A lake full of water of virtues such as
knowledge etc. 2) AJEEV - Dirt assembled in the jeev-lake. 3) PUNYA - Dirt of good karmas. 4) PAAP - Dirt of evil karmas. 5) AASHRAV : Inlets for karma-dirt to enter the
jeev-lake. 6) SAMVAR:- Lids to prevent the karma dirt from entering
the jeev-lake. 7) BANDH - Assimilation of karma-dirt in jeevlake. 8) NIRJARA - Machine to destroy karma-dirt. 9) MOKSHA : Dirtless jeev lake after the destruction of all the karma-dirt.
[1] JEEV Jeev is the base of virtues such as knowledge etc. Jeev is the enjoyer and enduror of joys and griefs. Pure jeev (soul) is compiled of infinite knowledge and faith. Sansari soul is bound by the bonds of karma. So, its virtues such as knowledge, faith etc. are hidden. The entire universe can be divided into jeev and ajeev. Still, punya, paap etc. are also important. So, they are considered as separate elements.
46
Nav-TATIVA When one says 'I am not a thief', it proves that there is some thing called thief in this universe. Similarly, when atheists say "We don't believe in jeev', it itself proves the existence of jeev. Similarly, after someone's death we say, "There is no soul in this body." This also proves the existence of jeev.
Que :- Let the jeev exist in this Universe, but why should we consider it different from matter? Why shouldn't we consider jeev as some form of matter? A bubble arises from water and gets dissolved in it. Similarly, jeev arises from panchbhoot - searth, water, fire, wind, sky(space)] and gets dissolved in it. What is wrong if we believe so ?
Ans - The panchbhoots are matter, while the jeev is an independent element, separate from matter, because the features of matter and jeev are different. The features such as - coolness etc. of water and bubble are similar. So, we can consider a bubble as a form of water. Features of jeev are knowledge, joy, misery, peace etc. Features of matter are colour, odour, taste, touch etc. So, we can't consider jeev as a form of matter.
SOME POINTS PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF JEEV 1) Jeev is the base of knowledge, desire, joy, grief etc. 2) A constructor builts a building, similarly the constructor
of the body is jeev. 3) The producer of extract, blood, hair, nail, bone etc.
from grains is jeev.
PROOFS_ABOUT THE_EXISTENCE OF_JEEV
Atheists don't believe in soul. They deny the existence of jeev. This only proves the existence of jeev, because one can deny only those things which exist in the universe.
4) The body is a factory. The mind is an office. Message
is delivered everywhere from there. Musical instrument is there in the throat. Heart is a machine. Stomach
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[2] AJEEV
Dharmastikaay
Akaashastikaay
skandh
desh pradesh
skandh
desh pradesh
Adharmastikaay
Kaal
skandh
desh
pradesh
Pudgalastikaay
skandh desh
pradesh parmanu.
NAV-TATIVA
is a barn. Below it there is latrine. Below it there are
two pillars. Jeev is the manager of this factory. 5) One doubts about jeev in a deadbody or ahteist also
has doubts about jeev. So, existence of jeev is proved, because one can have doubts about a thing only which exists in the universe. No one ever doubts about trrr, because it doesn't exist in the universe.
TYPES OF JEEV In Jeev-vichar 563 types of jeev are described in details. Here we present its 14 types in brief. But in these 14 types the 563 types are included. No. Divisions
Subdivisions Sukshma ekendriya paryapta Badar ekendriya paryapta Badar beindriya paryapta Badar teindriya paryapta Badar chaurindriya paryapta Asangni panchendriya paryapta Sangni panchendriya paryapta Sukshma ekendriya aparyapta Badar ekendriya aparyapta Badar beindriya aparyapta Badar teindriya aparyapta Badar chaurindriya aparyapta Asangni panchendriya aparyapta 106Sangni panchendriya aparyapta 212 Total
563
DHARMASTIKAAY - It's a substance widespread in fourteen rajloks. It helps jeev and matter to move. ADHARMASTIKAAY - It's a substance widespread in fourteen rajloks. It helps jeev and matter to remain stable. AKAASHASTIKAAY - It gives space to jeev and matter to dwell. KAAL (Time) - It makes new things old and the old things new. PUDGALASTIKAAY (Matter) - Substance possessing colour, odour, taste and touch is called pugalastikaay. SKANDH - Whole substance. DESH - Part of a skandh. PRADESH - Smallest unbreakable piece of a skandh. PARMANU (Atom) - A pradesh separated from the skandh of matter.
.
+. 101 garbhaj manushya + 99 deities + 7 naarkis + 5 panch.tiryanch. ++. 101 sam. manushya - 5 sam.tiryanch.
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A pradesh can't be separated from Dharmastikaay etc. So, they don't have the fourth division of parmanu. A pradesh can be separated from Pudgalastikaay. So. it has the fourth division of parmanu.
Sound, darkness, light, shadow, heat etc. are forms of matter.
Asti = pradesh, kaay = collection.
Kaal doesn't have any collection of pradeshs. So, Kaal is not called as kaalastikaay.
49
Kaal (time) is in the form of present moment. Past has been destructed, future hasn't been produced. So, kaal is in the form of present moment.
TIME - TABLE
Countless moments = 1 Aavlika
256 aavlikas = 1 Kshullak bhav (smallest life) 65,536 kshullakbhavs = 1 Muhurat (48 mins) 1,67,77,216 aavlikaas = 1 Muhurat (48 mins) 30 muhurats 1 Daynight 15 daynights = 1 Fortnight 2 fortnights
1 Month
2 months
1 Season
3 seasons
1 Ayan (six months)
2 ayans 1 Year
5 years 1 Yug
=
84 lakh years = 1 Purvaang
84 lakh purvaangs = 1 Purva
50
Countless years = 1 Palyopam. 10 x crore x crore palyopams = 1 Sagropam. 10 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Utsarpini. 10 x crore x crore sapropams = 1 Avsarpini. 20 x crore x crore sagropams = 1 Kaalchakra. Infinite Kaalchakras = 1 Pudgal paravart.
2)
3)
6 substances = 5 Ajeevs (Dharmastikaay etc.) + Jeev TRANSFORMITY:- Going from one condition into another is called transformity. Jeev and matter are transformable. Rest are untransformable.
1)
4)
5)
6)
7)
NAV-TATIVA
8)
A TWELVE-FOLD DISCUSSION ON SIX SUBSTANCES.
JEEV (Living): Jeev is jeev, rest are ajeev.
ROOPI (Having shape) :- Substances with colour, odour, taste and touch are called roopi. Matter is roopi, rest are aroopi (shapeless).
SAPRADESHI (With pradesh): Kaal is without pradesh, rest are with pradesh.
UNIQUE:- Dharmaastikaay, Adharmastikaay, Akaashastikaay are unique, rest are countless. KSHETRA (Refuge) KSHETRI (Refugee) :- Akaashastikaay is refuge, rest are refugee.
Jeev and matter are active, rest are
ACTIVE
stable.
NITYA (Unalertation) :- Jeev and matter are alertable, the rest are unalertable.
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51
52
NAV-TATIVA Paraghat, Shvashochhvaas, Jin, Nirman, Agurulaghu, Tras, Badar, Paryapta, Pratyek, Sthir, Shubh, Subhag, Susvar, Aadey, Yash.
9) CAUSE :- Jeev is not a cause, rest are causes. A
substance helpful in the work of others is called
cause. 10) CREATOR :- Jeev is creator, rest aren't creators. 11) WIDESPREAD :- Sky is widespread everywhere.
Rest are seen in limited spaces. 12) PENETRATION (changeable) - No substance can be
changed into another substance. So, all are unchangeable.
[4] PAAP Karma which gives bad fruits is called Paap.
| Causes of binding Paap
[3] PUNYA Karma which gives good fruits is called Punya. Causes of Binding Punya :-)
1) Gifting food to the proper. 2) Gifting water to the proper. 3) Gifting place to dwell to the proper.
Gifting place to sleep to the proper. 5) Gifting clothes to the proper.
Good mental activities. 7) Good vocal activities. 8) Good physical activities 9) Worship of God and gurudev.
1) Pranatipaat (killing) 2) Mrishavaad (telling lie) 3) Adattadaan (theft) 4) Maithun (sexual intercourse) 5) Parigrah (collection of wealth) 6) Krodh (anger) 7) Maan (pride) 8) Maaya (deciet) 9) Lobh (greed) 10) Raag (affection) 11) Dvesh (hatred) 12) Kalah (quarrel) 13) Abhyakhyan (false accusation) 14) Paishunya (slander) 15) Rati-arati (happiness - sadness) 16) Par-parivaad (censure) 17) Maaya-mrishavad (speaking lie with fraud) 18) Mithyatvashalya (lack of faith in the Jinas)
42 TYPES OF PUNYA
Shaata vedniya, Ucchgotra, Devaayushya, Manushyaayushya, Tiryanchaayushya, Manushyagati, Devgati, Panchendriyajati, 5 bodies, 3 angopangs. First sanghayan, First sansthan, decent colour-odour-taste-touch, Shubh vihaayogati, Devanupurvi, Manushyanupurvi, Atap, Udyot,
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82 TYPES OF PAAP. 1) Gnanavaran - Karma covering deep
knowledge 2) Darshanavaran :- Karma covering common
knowledge 3) Antaray - Karma which causes hurdles 5 4) Mohaniya :- Karma which deludes
5) Ashaatavedniya:- Karma which causes pains
6) Neechgotra - Karma which gives birth
in a low caste 7) Narkaayushya - Karma which makes
one live as a naarki 8) Namkarma :- Karma pertaining to body Total
82 NAAMKARMA (34) - Narakgati, Tiryanchgati, Ekendriyajati, Beindriyajati, Teindriyajati, Chaurindriyajati, 5 Sanghayans, 5 Sansthans, bad colour - odour - taste - touch, Ashubhvihaayogati, Narkaanupurvi, Tiryanchanupurvi, Upghaat, Sthavar, Sukshma, Aparyapta, Sadharan, Asthir, Ashubh, Durbhag, Duhsvar, Anadey, Apyash.
For the knowledge of definations and natures of the types of punya and paap, one should refer first karmagrantha.
FOUR-FOLD PUNYA-PAAP COMBINATION 1) Punyanubandhi Punya :- When new punya is bound
during the experience of previous punya, the punya
is called Punyanubandhi Punya. 2) Paapanubandhi Punya :- When new paap is bound
during the experience of previous punya, the punya
NAV-TATIVA is called Paapanubandhi Punya. 3) Punyanubandhi Paap :- When new punya is bound
during the experience of previous paap, the paap is
called Punyanubandhi Paap. 4) Paapanubandhi Paap :- When new paap is bound
during the experience of previous paap, the paap is called Paapanuabndhi Paap.
[5] AASHRAV Inlets for Karma to enter the soul are called Aashrava :- 42 types • INDRIYA 5 (sense organs) - Dependence
on senseorgans. Happiness in favourable subjects of senseorgans. Hatred in
adverse subjects of senseorgans. • PASSIONS 4 : Anger, pride, fraud, greed. • AVRAT 5 (absence of vows) :
Pranatipaat - Killing Mrishavaad - Speaking lie Adattadaan - Theft Maithun - Sexual intercourse
Parigrah - Strong affection on wealth • YOG 3 :- Mental, vocal and physical activities.
KRIYA (ACTIVITIES) 25 1) KAYIKI:- Performing body activities without seeing and
sweeping. 2) ADHIKARNIKI - Developing new weapons or mutually
joining old weapons. 3) PRADVESHIKI:- Hating livingbeings or non-livingbeings. 4) PARITAPANIKI :- Causing pains to self or others.
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55
56
5) PRANATIPATIKI - Killing self or others. 6) AARAMBHIKI - Activities in which livingbeings or
non-livingbeings are killed. PARIGRAHIKI :- Collecting wealth and having affec
tion on it. 8) MAAYAPRATYAYIKI :- Hiding eternal emotions and
showing something else outwardly or executing false witnesses or agreements. MITHYADARSHANPRATYAYIKI: Activities done
due to lack of faith in Jainism. 10) APRATYAKHYANIKI :- Activities done due to lack
of vows. 11) DRISHTIKI :- Viewing livingbeings or non-livingbeings
with affection. 12) SPRISHTIKI :- Touching livingbeings or non
livingbeings with affection. 13) PRATITYAKI :- Having feelings of love or hatred on
viewing elephants, horses, ornaments etc. of others. 14) SAMANTOPNIPATIKI :- Loving or hating the one who
admires or censures after viewing elephants, horses, chariots, ornaments etc. of his own, or making others visualize dramatic performances, cinemas, public shows, plays etc. Keeping vessels full of ghee-oil etc.
open. 15) NAISRISHTIKI :- Making others mould weapons or
making others empty wells, lakes etc. or abondoning proper disciple or discarding pure food, water etc.
without reason. 16) SVAHASTIKI:- Killing livingbeings or non-livingbeings
with own hands. 17) AAGNAPANIKI :- Making others do sinful acts by
implementing orders on them.
NAV-TATIVA 18) VAIDAARNIKI :- Tearing livingbeings or non
livingbeings or cheating others. 19) ANABHOGIKI :- Keeping or taking anything without
mental attention. 20) ANAVKANKSHAPRATYAYIKI - Performing deeds
harmful in this life and next life, disregarding welfare
of self and others. 21) PRAYOGIKI:- Good and bad activities of mind, speech
and body. 22) SAMUDAYIKI :- Performing deeds in which karmas
are collected due to the use of senseorgans. 23) PREMIKI :- To love or to perform activities which
make others affectionate. 24) DVESHIKI :- To hate or to perform activities which
make others hateful. 25) IRYAPATHIKI :- Activities performed due to only yog
(without mithyatva (lack of faith in Jainism), avirti (lack of vows), kashay (passion) etc. This is in the 11th, 12th, 13th gunasthanaks.
[6] SAMVAR Prevention of karma from coming into the soul is called Samvar. 57 types :
Samiti (decent activities) | 5| Yatidharma(duties of saint) 10 Gupti (self restraints) 3 Bhavna (emotions) Endurance of Parishah 22 Charitra (ascetism) (Endurance of adversities)
Total Types
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57
58
NAV-TATIVA ing sinless words with the use of muhapatti. 3) KAAYGUPTI - Averting sinful activities and practis
ing sinless activities.
Samitis are in the form of activities, whereas guptis are in the form of activities and restraints. So, in samitis guptis are surely there, but in guptis samitis may be or may not be there.
ENDURANCE OF PARISHAH - 22
NAV-TATIVA
SAMITI = DECENT ACTIVITY - 5 1) IRYASAMITI:- Visualizing, with mental awareness, three
and a half feet of the surface in front while walking. 2) BHASHASAMITI :- Speaking sinless words with the
use of muhapatti (a piece of cloth, measuring 16 fingers in length and breadth, kept in front of mouth while speaking) Sinful words :- Words due to which sins such as killing etc. take place, e.g. words of orders, words of praise of sinful activities, false words, determined words.
So, the monks shouldn't utter words of orders and determined words. They shoul speak words such as most probably, vartaman jog (as per present conditions)
kshetra-sparshna (as per our route of migration) etc. 3) ESHANASAMITI :- Roaming for food and accepting it,
averting fortytwo faults as described in the scriptures. 4) ADAANNIKSHEPANA SAMITI - Spectating and
sweeping while keeping or taking clothes, utensils etc. and while spreading asan (sea), santharo (bed) etc.
on the ground. 5) PARISHTHAPANIKA SAMITI :- Discarding urine,
excreta, cough, phlegm, spittle, impure food, useless clothes etc., according to the system mentioned in scriptures, in places devoid of livingbeings.
GUPTI = SELF RESTRAINT - 3 1) MANOGUPTI :- Averting bad thoughts and practising
good thoughts. 2) VACHANGUPTI :- Averting sinful words and speak
Adversities to be endured with peace without leaving the ascetic path, for the removal of karma are called Parishahs. There are 22 such parishahs. One should attain victory over parishahs after listening and knowing them with practice, but shouldn't commit errors in ascetism. 1) KSHUDHA (hunger) - One should endure hunger
but shouldn't take faultful food and shoudn't have bad
thoughts in mind. 2) TRISHA (thirst) :- One should endure thirst but
shouldn't use water which is not boiled or mixwater. 3) SHEET (cold) :- One should endure cold but shouldn't
desire for fire or prohibited clothes etc. USHNA (heat) :- One shouldn't desire for umbrellas, baths, lubrications or sprinkling water droplets on the
body even in summer when there is terrible heat. 5) DANSH (bite) - When mosquitoes, louses, bugs,
dans' bite, one shouldn't desire to go to another place, shouldn't kill them or hate them. ACHEL (lack of clothes) :- One shouldn't be unhappy if he doesn't get clothes or gets wornout clothes. One
6)
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shouldn't desire precious clothes, but should wear wornout clothes. ARATI (tedium) - One shouldn't be disgusted if adversities come in ascetic life, but should be absorbed in good emotions and shoudn't desire to give up monkhood. STRI (woman) - Woman is an obstacle in the ascetic life. So, one shouldn't even glance at her affectionately, shouldn't view her bodyparts, shouldn't think
about her, shouldn't become her subordinate. 9) CHARYA (migration) - One shoudn't stay in one
place for a long period but should migrate from place to place, should practise ninefold migration, shouldn't
be disgusted while migration. 10) NAISHEDHIKISTHAN (solitary place) - One should
stay in emptyhouses, in burial places etc. or should stay in places devoid of women, eunuchs, animals etc. One shouldn't be agitated even if he receives an
adverse place. 11) SHAYYA (place for sleeping). One shouldn't be
agitated if he gets adverse place with ups and downs for sleeping and shouldn't be happy if he gets
favourable place for sleeping. 12) AAKROSH (anger) :- If someone speaks harsh words
one shouldn't hate him, but should regard him as an
obliger. 13) VADH (killing) - If someone kills, even then one
shouldn't hate him and shouldn't have bad thoughts
in mind. 14) YACHANA (request) :- One shouldn't feel ashame
to request for food, water, clothes etc. 15) ALABH (lack of gain) :- If one doesn't get a particular
60
Nav-TATIVA thing even after requesting for it then he shouldn't be agitated but should take it as a fruit of labhantaraya
karma (karma causing obstacles in gains). 16) ROG (disease):- A sthavirkalpi saint, when diseased,
practises faultless treatments, in accordance with the system described in scriptures to cure it and if it isn't cured, even then he remains tranquil and takes it as
a fruit of karma. 17) TRUN (grass) :- While sleeping on grass- santhara
if its edges pierce the body or while sleeping on a woolen-santhara if it itches, even then one shouldn't
be agitated. 18) MAL (dirt) - One shouldn't dislike dirty body or dirty
clothes, and shouldn't try to clean them. 19) SATKAAR (honour) - If one gets honour in the
society he shouldn't feel happy and if he doesn't get
it, he shouldn't be agitated. 20) PRAGNA (intellect) - If one is very intelligent or
scholar and people praise him very much, he shouldn't be proud listening to it, but he should think that many great scholars many times more intelligent than me have been in the past. In comparision to their ocean of knowledge my knowledge is not more than a
droplet. 21) AGNAN (Ignorance) :- If one is dull or ignorant he
shouldn't be agitated, but taking it as a fruit of gnanavarniya karma he should get absorbed in ascetic
activities. 22) SAMYAKTVA (faith) :- One shouldn't loose his faith in
Jainism even if he has to face adversities or hindrances, or if he doesn't understand deep meanings of scriptures or even if he views magic in other religions.
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YATIDHARMA-10 (DUTIES OF A SAINT) 1) KSHAMA (forgiveness) - Lack of anger. 2) MRIDUTA (softness) - Humbleness, lack of pride. 3) AARJAV (straight-forwardness) - Frankness, lack of
deciet. 4) MUKTI (contentment) Satisfaction, lack of greed. 5) TAP (penance) - Restraint of desires. 6) SANYAM - 5 Mahavrats (great vows), restraints of
sense organs 5, defeating passions 4, prevention of
3 dands (bad activities of mind, speech and body). 7) SATYA (truth) :- Speaking good, beneficial and true
words. 8) SHOUCH (purity) :- Purity of mind, speech and body. 9) AKINCHANTA (indifference) - Absence of affection
on anything. 10) BRAHMACHARYA (celibacy) - Abandoning sexual
intercourse from mind, speech and body.
NAV-TATIVA they have been and are being related with each of the other livingbeings by various kinds of relations. EKATVA BHAVANA (loneliness) - Thinking that one takes birth alone, dies alone and endures fruits of
karmas alone. 5) ANYATVA BHAVANA (aloofness) : - Thinking that the
family, wealth, building, body etc. are not mine but
alien. 6) ASHUCHI BHAVANA (impurity) - Thinking that this
body is constructed by impure substances such as pus, blood, flesh, bones, etc. and is filled with urine,
excreta etc. 7) AASHRAV BHAVANA (inlets) - Thinking that every
moment karmas are coming in the soul due to 42 aashravs and the soul becomes heavy and dirty due
to them. 8) SAMVAR BHAVANA (lids) - Thinking often about the
57 types of samvar. 9) NIRJARA BHAVANA (outlets) - Thinking about 12
types of nirjara. 10) LOKSWABHAV BHAVANA (nature of universe)
Thinking about fourteen rajloks, six substances dwelling in it, places of deities and naarkis, countless islands
and oceans etc. 11) BODHIDURLABH BHAVANA (difficulty in the attain
ment of samyaktva) - Thinking that in this uncreated universe, it is easy to become chakravarti (king of six khands), deity, king etc, but it is difficult to attain samyaktva-gem. (So, one should make efforts for its attainment and protect it if attained.)
BHAVNA (EMOTIONS)-10 1) ANITYA BHAVANA (unstability) :- Thinking that all the
things in this world such as wealth, family, body etc.
are unstable, perishable. 2) ASHARANA BHAVANA (absence of shelter) :
Thinking that there is no shelter in this sansar who
can protect from the pains of disease, death etc. 3) SANSAR BHAVANA (roaming in mundane state) :
Thinking that livingbeings are roaming in 84 lakh yonis,
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63
NAV-TATIVA
12) DHARMA BHAVANA (religion) - Thinking that in this
world, happiness is gained only by practising Jainism. The sun, the moon etc. also arise and enlighten this world due to the glory of Janism. Fourteen rajloks are standing in the infinite alok (universe in which livingbeings can't dwell) without any support due to the glory of Jainism.
of Lord Mahaveer with five vows, they have this
type of ascetism. c) When a principle virtue of a saint is broken his
past ascetic years are cut-off as a punishment and is newly given the vows. He has this type
of ascetism. 3) PARIHAARVISHUDDHI:- It's a type of ascetism in
which purity is attained by performing a special type of penance. There is a group of nine in it. 4 Nirvishmanaks - penance practisioners 4 Anucharaks - servers. 1 Vachnacharya orator of recensions.
PENANCE Season
minimum middle maximum Summer
1 fast 2 fasts 3 fasts Winter
2 fasts 3 fasts 4 fasts Rainy
3 fasts 4 fasts 5 fasts
CHARITRA (ASCETISM) 5 1) SAMAAYIK - Sam = knowledge, faith and conduct,
Aay = gain. A religious activity by which knowledge, faith and conduct are gained is called samaayik. All the sinful yogas (activities) are totally given up in this samaayik. Samaayik of 48 mins. practised by shravakas, paushadhs (living a life similar to ascetic life for a temporary period) practised by shravakas and the ascetism practised by the saints of first and last tirthankars from small diksha till big diksha are called Itvarkathik (temporary) Samaayik Charitra and the ascetism practised by the saints of twentytwo tirthankars from diksha till death is called Yavatkathik
(permanent) Samaayik Charitra. 2) CHHEDOPASTHAPNIYA CHARITRA :- The type of
ascetism in which past ascetic years are cut off and the great vows are newly given is called Chhedopasthapniya Charitra. a) Saints of first and last tirthankars possess this
type of ascetism after their bigdiksha. b) When the saints of Lord Parshva give up the
shashan with four vows and accept the shashan
They break the fast with an ayambil (eating boiled food once in a day). The servers do ayambil everyday.
This is continued for six months. After that the servers practise penance, the penance-practisioners become servers and the vachanacharya delivers recensions. This is continued for another six months. After that the vachanacharya practises penance, one person becomes vachanacharya, the rest become servers. This is continued for another six months. In this way, this type of ascetism is completed in eighteen months. After that they may again accept this type or accept Jinkalp (perfect ascetism) or enter the gutch.
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65
This type of ascetism is there only in Bharat Kshetra and Ayravat kshetra. It is not there in Mahavideh kshetra.
Ascetics possessing first sanghayan, 14 purvas and extraordinary labdhis (powers) have this type of
ascetism, women don't have this type of ascetism. 4) SUKSHMA SAMPARAAY:- An ascetism in which fruits
of extremely minute lobh (greed) passion are experienced is called sukshma samparaay. The other three
passions - anger, pride and deciet are absent here. 5) YATHAKHYAAT - Totally pure ascetism without any
exceptions, or an ascetism where there is total absence of experience of mohaniya karma. Here there are emotions of total indifference. Ascetism
Gunsthanak
(standards of virtues) Samaayik
6,7,8,9 Chhedopasthapniya 6,7,8,9 Parihaarvishudhi
6,7 Sukshma Samparaay Yathakhyaat
11, 12, 13, 14
66
NAV-TATIVA a) Itvar (temporary) :- Abandoning food for a small
period. e.g. Navkarshi (abondoning food for 48 mins, from sunrise), Porsi (abondoning food for nearly 3 hrs. from sunrise), Ekashana (eating just
once in a day), Fasting etc. b) Yavatkathik (permanent) - Abondoning food till
death. 2) UNODARI - Eating less than hunger. To possess less
things. VRITTISANKSHEP :- Taking vows of gochari (roaming for food as described in scriptures etc.) with respect to dravya (substance), kshetra (space), kaal (time) and bhav (emotions). • With respect to substances - Not to eat more than
certain substances. With respect to space - Not to roam in more than
certain houses. • With respect to time - Eating whatever is received
at or in certain time. With respect to emotions - Accepting food only if a crying child, angry man, diksharthi (a person
ready to accept ascetism) etc, gifts it. 4) RASTYAAG - Abandoning vigays (food materials
which push one in low classes). Milk, curd, ghee, oil, jaggery and fried items are six vigays. Honey, meat, butter, wine are four mahaviyas. One should totally abandon mahavigays and abandon vigays as many
and as much as possible. 5) KAAYKLESH - Torturing the body as mentioned in
10
[7] NIRJARA (OUTLETS) Departure of karma from soul is called Nirjara.
Nirjara is done by 12 types of penances. So, 12 types of penances are themselves 12 types of Nirjara.
BAHYA TAP (PHYSICAL PENANCE) - 6 TYPES 1) ANSHAN - Abandoning food according to religious
doctrines. It is of 2 types -
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NAV-TATIVA
scriptures. e. g. Loch (plucking hairs), migration on
foot, enduring the sun's heat etc. 6) SANLEENTA - Restraining senseorgans from going
to evil paths, averting passions and bad yogas of mind, speech and body, abandoning bad places and residing in decent places
People can know this type of penance. It effects physical body and senseorgans. So, it is called bahya tap (physical penance)
ABHYANTAR TAP (ETERNAL PENANCE) - 6 TYPES 1) PRAYASHCHITT:- Exposing faults and errors in front
of gurudev, taking its punishment and executing it. 2) VINAY :- honouring knowledge, scholars, faith, faithful
people, acharyas, upadhyayas, sthavirs, ganis, elder
monks etc. 3) VAIYAVATCH :- Serving acharyas, upadhyayas,
sthavirs, ganis, penance-practisioners, co-followers, kul, gan, sangh, new ascetics, by providing food, clothes, utensils, dwelling place, medicine etc. to them. SWADHYAY - 5 types. Vachana give and take of knowledge. Prichhana - to ask doubts. Paravartana - revision. Anupreksha - thinking the meanings.
Dharmakatha - delivering speeches 5) DHYAAN (meditation) - Concentration of yogas.
Restraint of yogas. It is of four types.
NAV-TATIVA a) Aarttdhyaan - It is again of four types.
i) Worry of the departure of something liked. ii) Worry of the contact of something disliked. iii) Worry of disease.
iv) Desiring worldly things as fruit of penance. b) Raudradhyaan - It is also of four types.
i) Thinking deeply about killing livingbeings. ii) Thinking deeply about speaking great lie. iii) Thinking deeply about attempting theft. iv) Thinking deeply about protection of wealth.
These two dhyaans increase the mundane state, so they aren't included in nirjara, but they are depicted here just to know their
nature. c) Dharmadhyaan. It is of four types. i) Aagnavichay - Thinking about the orders of
Lord tirthankar. ii) Vipaakvichay - Thinking about the fruits of
karma. iii) Apaayvichay - Thinking about the losses
caused by passions and subjects of sense
organs. iv) Sansthanvichay - Thinking about the nature
of the fourteen rajloks. d) Shukladhyaan - It is of four types. i) Prithaktvavitark savichaar - Meditation on
different conditions of substances, with the change of words, meanings and yogas, on the basis of knowledge of purvas. It is prac
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69
70
NAV-TATIVA
the soul like water and milk or iron and fire. This activity is called karmabandh and the karman particles assimilated with the soul are called karma.
FOUR TYPES OF KARMABINDINGS
1)
2)
tised by saints possessing knowledge of
purvas. ii) Ekatvavitark Avichaar - Meditation on one
condition of substance, without any change of words, meanings and yogas, on the basis of knowledge of purvas. It is practised by
saints possessing knowledge of purvas. iii) Sukshamakriya Apratipati - This is a medi
tation practised by kewalgnanis (saints with ultimate knowledge) while controlling badar kaayyog (broad activities of body) with the support of sukshma kaayyog (minute activities of body) after having controlled
manoyoga, vachanyog and respiration. iv) Vyuparatkriya Anivritti - This is a meditation
practised by kewalgnanis in the shaileshi condition after having controlled the
manoyog, vachanyog and kaayyog. • By aartadhyaan tiryanchgati is attained. • By raudradhyaan narakgati is attained. • By dharmadhyaan devgati is attained.
• By shukladhyaan liberation is attained. KAAYOTSARGA - Abandoning the activities of body etc. and standing in meditation for a certain decided time-limit.
PRAKRITIBANDH - Nature of karma decided when bound, e.g. some karma hide knowledge, some give happiness, some give birth is highcaste, etc. STHITIBANDH :- The fixation of time limit for which the karma would stay on soul, when bound. RASBANDH :- Fixation of high or low power of the karma. PRADESHBANDH:- Number of particles of the karma when bound.
4)
ILLUSTRATION OF A SWEET-BALL
Nature of some sweetball is to avert gastrouble. Nature of other sweetball is to cure cough. Similarly, while binding karma, its nature such as hiding knowledge, gifting happiness etc. which is fixed is called Prakritibandh.
Some sweetballs last for 10 days, some for 15 days. Similarly, while binding karma, the time limit for its staying with the soul which is fixed is called Sthitibandh.
Some sweetballs are very sweet, others are less sweet. Similarly, while binding karma its power of giving sharp or mild fruits which is fixed is called Rasbandh.
[8] BANDH
In every moment all the sansari livingbeings accept karman particles from the environment where they dwell, due to mithyatva etc. and completely assimilate them with
Some sweetballs are small, the others are big. Similarly, while binding karma the amount of karma bound is called Pradeshbandh.
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NAV-TATIVA
PRAKRITIBANDH
STHITIBANDH
No.
Karma
Maximum timelimit
Minimum timelimit
Gnanavarana
antarmuhurat
30 X crore x crore sagropams
Darshanavarana
antarmuhurat
30 X crore x crore sagropams
3.
Vedniya
12 muhurats
30 x crore x crore sagropams 70 X crore x crore sagropams
Mohaniya
antarmuhurat
Aayushya
33 sagropams
antarmuhurat
Naam
There are principle 8 divisions of karma and 158 subdivisions. No. Name of Definition
Hides Types Simile karma
which
virtue ? 1. Gnanavarana Hides knowledge Anantgnan 5 like tieing (specific
(Infinite
bands on knowledge
knowledge) eyes. of things) 2. Darshan- Hides Darshan Anant
like a avarana (common
darshan
doorknowledge) (Infinite
keeper. of things.
common
knowledge) 3. Vedniya Makes living beings Avyabadh
like a experience
sukh (Pain
sword joy and grief less happ- lubricated
iness)
with honey 4. Mohaniya Makes livingbeings Anantcha- 28 like unable to
ritra (Infinite drinking discriminate between conduct)
wine. the truth and
the false 5. Aayushya Binds in a life Akshaysthiti 4 like
(residence
shackles
for ever) 16. Naam
Makes livingbeings Arupipanu. 103 like a experience different (Formless
painter conditions such as ness)
gati etc. I Gotra
Gives birth in high Agurula- 2 like a or low castes. ghupanu
potmaker (unheaviness
unlightness) 8. Antraaay Averting livingbeings
ike from charity, gains, (Infinite experience etc. power)
treasurer
8 muhurats
Gotra
8 muhurats
20 x crore x crore sagropams 20 X crore x crore sagropams 30 X crore x crore sagropams
8.
Antraaay
antarmuhurat
[9] MOKSHA
The true and pure nature of the soul attained after the total destruction of all the karmas is called Moksha.
A soul totally freed from the bonds of karma goes upwards and reaches above the siddhasheela at the end of the lok. There are other infinite liberated souls there. They never have to return back in this mundane state. All the souls residing there observe and know at every moment all the conditions with respect to past, present and future
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Nav-TATIVA of all the things in this world at a time. They are extremely happy there. They never have to endure the afflictions such as birth, oldage, death, hunger, thirst, disease, worry, poverty, grief, quarrels etc. of this world. Karma is the rootcause of birth. Due to its total destruction the liberated souls never have to take birth in this world again. The happiness experienced by a liberated soul is infinite times more than the collected happiness of past, present and future of all the livingbeings of the threefold world.
Nav-TATIVA 5) KAAL :- The time limit with respect to a liberated soul
is saadi anant (with start without end) and with respect to all the liberated souls is anaadi anant (without start
without end.) 6) ANTAR - There is no antar, because the liberated
souls don't have to come back to mundane state and go again to Moksha. BHAAG:- The number of liberated souls is the number
of all living beings = infinite. 8) BHAAV - Specific knowledge, common knowledge
etc. are imperishable. Vitality etc. are changeable. 9) ALPABAHUTVA :- Napunsaksiddh (liberated souls who were eunuch in their previous life) are less
Strisiddh (liberated souls who were women in their previous life) are countable times more than napunsaksiddh.
Purushsiddh (liberated souls who were males in their previous life) are countable times more than strisiddh.
Moksha element is to be discussed with respect to nine anuyog-dwars. (points for understanding a thing properly) They are- satpad (existence), dravya(number), kshetra(space), sparshana(touch), kaal(time), antar(gap), bhaag(part), bhaav(emotions), alpabahutva(more or less).
1) SATPAD :- existence.
Que - Does moksha exist or not? Ans:- Moksha' is a pure word.
pure - meaningful and single. So, Moksha exists. 2) DRAVYA :
Que :- How many liberated souls are there in Moksha? Ans: Infinite
3) KSHETRA :
Que :- Within how much space do the liberated souls dwell ?
Ans :- A liberated soul dwells in a space measuring lok + countless. All the liberated souls dwell in a space measuring lok = countless. 4) SPARSHANA - A little more than kshetra.
FROM WHICH MARGANAAS (CREEDS) CAN
A LIVINGBEING_ATTAIN LIBERATION ? Principle marganaas :- 14, Sub-marganaas - 62 1) GATI - (class) 4 :- Narakgati, Tiryanchgati,
Manushyagati, Devgati. 2) INDRIYA (possession of senseorgans) 5:- Ekendriya,
Beindriya, Teindriya, Chaurindriya, Panchendriya. 3) KAAY - (body) 6Prithvikaay, Apkaay, Teukaay,
Vaukaay, Vanaspatikaay, Traskaay.
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5)
NAV-TATIVA 4) YOG (activities) 3 :- Manoyoga, Vachanyog, Kaayyog. 5) VED (sex) 3 - Male, Female, Eunuch. 6) KASHAAYA (passions) 4:- Anger, Pride, Deciet, Greed. 7) GNAN (knowledge) 8 :- Matignan, Shrutgnan, Avadhi
gnan, Manahparyavgnan, Kewalgnan, Mati-agnan, Shrut-agnan, Vibhanggnan. SANYAM (Ascetism) 7 :- Samaayik, Chhedopasthapniya, Parihaarvishuddhi, Sukshmasamparay,
Yathakhyat, Deshvirti, Avirti. 9) DARSHAN (observance) 4 : Chakshudarshan,
Achakshudarshan, Avadhidarshan, Kevaldarshan 10) LESHYA (mental attitude) 6 :- Krishnaleshya,
Neelleshya, Kapotleshya, Tejoleshya, Padmaleshya,
Shuklaleshya. 11) BHAVYA (proper for liberation) 2 :- Bhavya, Abhavya. 12) SAMYAKTVA (faith) 6 :- Kshayopshamik samyaktva,
Upsham samyaktva, Kshaayik samyaktva, Mithyaatva,
Sasvadan, Mishra 13) SANGNI (with mind) 2 - Sangni, Asangni. 14) AAHAARI (taking food) 2 - Aahaari, Anahaari.
One can attain liberation from 10 marganaas namely - Manushyagati, Panchendriyajati, Traskaay, Kevalgnan, Yathakhyaat charitra, Kevaldarshan, Bhavya, Sangni, Anaahaari, Kshayik samyaktva.
NAV-TATIVA 15 TYPES OF SIDDHS (LIBERATED SOULS) 1) JINSIDDH-Souls liberated after becoming tirthankar.
e.g. Rishabhdev etc. 2) AJINSIDDH - Souls liberated without attaining
tirthankar degree and after becoming common kewali.
e.g. Ganadhars etc. 3) TIRTHSIDDH - Souls liberated during the existence
of tirth (shashan). e.g. Jambuswami etc. 4) ATIRTHSIDDH - Souls liberated before establish
ment and after disollution of tirth e.g. Marudeva mother. SWALINGSIDDH - Souls liberated after attaining
Kewalgnan in monkhood. 6) GRIHILING SIDDH :- Souls liberated after attaining
kewalgnan in householdship. e.g. Bharat Chakravarti
etc. 7) ANYALINGSIDDH - Souls liberated after attaining
kewalgnan in the attire of monks of other religions
e.g. Valkalchiri etc. 8) STRISIDDH - Liberated souls who were females in
the previous life. e.g. Chandanbala etc. 9) PURUSHSIDDH- Liberated souls who were males
in the previous life e.g. Gautamswami etc. 10) NAPUNSAKSIDDH - Liberated souls who were eu
nuchs in the previous life. e.g. Gangey etc. 11) SWAYAMBUDDHSIDDH:- Souls who attain liberation
after receiving knowledge without any cause. 12) PRATYEKBUDDHSIDDH - Souls who attain libera
tion after receiving knowledge due to some cause.
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77 13) BUDDHBODHIT - Souls who attain liberation after
receiving knowledge by speeches of others. 14) EKSIDDH - A single soul liberated at a time in a
single moment) e.g. Lord Mahaveer. 15) ANEKSIDDH - Many souls liberated at a time in
a single moment) e.g. Lord Rishabhdev.
NAV-TATTVA Que. How many souls have been liberated till now?
Ans. The number of souls liberated till now is = the number of livingbeings in a nigod infinite.
in future also, whenever someone will ask kewalis that how many souls have liberated, their answer would be the same.
One who knows the nine elements mentioned above has samyaktva. If he doesn't know them but even if he has faith in them, he surely has samyaktva.
'The words uttered by Jineshwaras are never false - One who has such belief in his heart has firm samyaktva.
108 SOULS ARE LIBERATED AT THE MOST IN A SINGLE MOMENT
1 to 32 souls
attain liberation continuously for 8 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
33 to 48 souls
attain liberation continuously for 7 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
49 to 60 souls
attain liberation continuously for 6 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
One who receives samyaktva just for an antarmuhurat, doesn't roam in this mundane state for more than half pudgal paravart i.e. he surely attains emancipation within that period.
Objects of Nav-tattva are completed.
61 to 72 souls
attain liberation continuously for 5 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
73 to 84 souls
attain liberation continuously for 4 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
85 to 96 souls
attain liberation continuously for 3 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
97 to 102 souls
attain liberation continuously for 2 moments, after that there occurs a gap.
103 to 108 souls
attain liberation continuously for 1 moment, after that there occurs a gap.
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LITERAL MEANINGS OF THE GATHAAS OF NAV-TATTVA
જીવા-જીવા પુછ્યું, પાવા-સવ સંવરો ય નિજ્જરણા 1 બંધો મુક્ખો ય તહા, નવ તત્તા હુંતિ નાયવ્વા ॥૧॥ 1) The nine elements are - Jeev, ajeev, punya, paap, aashrav, samvar, nirjara, bandh and moksha.
ચઉદસ ચઉદસ બાયાલીસા બાસી ય હુંતિ બાયાલા 1 સત્તાવન્ન બારસ, ચઉ નવ ભેયા કમેણેસિં ચા
79
2) Their types are respectively 14, 14, 42, 82, 42, 57, 12, 4 and 9.
JEEV
એગવિહ વિહ તિવિહા, ચઉ—િહા પંચ છ—િહા જીવા । ચેયણ-તસ-ઇયરેહિં, વેય-ગઇ-કરણ-કાએહિં ॥૩॥
3) The living beings are of one type, two types, three types, four types, five types and six types with respect to vitality, tras - sthavar, sex, class, senseorgans and kaay(body).
એગિંદિય સુહુમિયરા, સન્નિયર પણિંદિયા ય સબિતિચઉ 1 અપજત્તા પજ્જત્તા, કમેણ ચઉદસ જિય-ઢાણા II૪ll
4) Sukshma - badar ekendriya, Sangni - asangni panchendriya, beindriya, teindriya, chaurindriya - 7 x 2 (paryapta - aparyapta) = 14 types of jeevs.
નાણં ચ દંસણં ચેવ, ચરિત્ત ચ તવો તહા ! વીરિયં ઉવઓગો ય, એઅં જીવસ લક્ષ્મણ III
5) The features of jeev are knowledge, faith, conduct, penance, power, mental awareness etc..
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NAV-TATIVA
આહાર સરીરિંદિય, પજત્તી આણપાણ-ભાસ-મણે । ચઉ પંચ પંચ છપ્પિ ય, ઇગ-વિગલાડસન્ની-સન્નીણં IIs
6) Aahaar, shareer, indriya, shvashochhvas, bhasha and manah - these are six paryaptis. Ekendriya vikalendriya, asangni panchendriya and sangni panchendriya have 4,5,5,6 paryaptis respectively. પણિંદિઅ ત્તિબલૂસાસાઊ દસ પાણ ચઉ છ સગ અટ્ટ I ઇગ-દુ-તિ-ચઉરિંદીણં, અસન્નિ-સન્નીણ નવ દસ ય Ioll
7) 5 senseorgans, 3 powers, respiration and life - these are 10 prans. Ekendriya, Beindriya, Teindriya, Chaurindriya, Asangni Panchendriya and Sangnis have 4,6,7,8,9,10 prans respectively.
AJEEV
ધમ્મા ધમ્માડડગાસા, તિય તિય ભેયા તહેવ અદ્ધા ય । ખંધા દેસ પએસા, પરમાણુ અજીવ ચઉદસહા IIII
8) 3 types of dharmastikaay, 3 types of adhar
mastikaay, 3 types of akashastikaay, kaal and 4 types of matter - skandh, desh, pradesh, parmanu - these are 14 types of ajeev.
ધમ્મા-ધમ્મા પુગ્ગલ, નહ કાલો પંચ કુંતિ અજીવા ચલણ-સહાવો ધમ્મો, થિર સંઠાણો અહમ્મો ય llll
9) Dharmastikaay, Adharmastikaay, Pudgalastikaay, Akashastikaay and Kaal are five ajeevs. Dharmastikaay is helpful to jeev and matter in moving. Adharmastikaay is helpful to jeev and matter to remain stable.
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અવગાહો આગાસ, પુગ્ગલ-જીવાણ પુગ્ગલા ચઉહા ।
ખંધા દેસ પએસા, પરમાણુ ચેવ નાયા ||૧૦|l
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10) Aakash gives space. Matter is of 4 types - skandh, desh, pradesh, parmanu.
સધયાર ઉજ્જોઅ, પભા છાયાતવેહિ અ I વર્ણી ગંધ રસા ફાસા, પુગ્ગલાણં તુ લક્ષ્મણું ||૧૧|| 11) Sound, darkness, light, lustre, shadow, heat are forms of matter. Colour, odour, taste and touch are features of matter.
એગા કોડિ સત્તસડ્ડી, લખ્ખા સત્તહત્તરી સહસ્સા ય। દો ય સયા સોલહિઆ, આવલિઆ ઈગ મુહુત્તમ્મિ ||૧૨॥
12) 1 muhurat = 1,67,77,216 aavlikas.
સમયાવલી મુહુત્તા, દિહા પા ય માસ વરિસા ય 1 ભણિઓ પલિઆ સાગર, ઉસ્સપ્પિણિ-સર્પિણી કાલો ll૧૩
13) Samay, aavlika, muhurat, day, fortnight, month, year, palyopam, sagropam, utsarpini, avsarpini are forms of kaal (time).
પરિણામિ જીવ મુર્ત્ત, સપએસા એગ ખિત્ત કિરિઆ ય ।
ણિચ્ચું કારણ કત્તા, સવ્વગય ઈયર અપ્પવેસે ॥૧૪॥
14) One should think about six substances with respect of transformity, vitality, shapefulness, bearing pradesh, uniqueness, refuge, activity, alertation, cause, creator, extensivity, penetration.
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NAV-TATIVA
PUNYA
સાઉચ્ચગોઅ મયુગ, સુરદુઞ પંચિંદિજાઈ પણ દેહા । આઈતિતણ્ણુ-વંગા, આઈમ-સંઘયણ-સંઠાણા ॥૧૫॥ વન્ન ચઉક્કા-ગુરુલહુ, પરઘા ઉસ્સાસ આય-વુજ્જોઅં । સુભખગઈ નિમિણ તસદસ, સુરનરતિરિઆઉ તિત્યયર ॥૧૬॥
15)-16) Shatavedniya, ucchgotra, manushya-2, dev-2, panchendriyajati, 5 bodies, 3 angopangs, 1st sanghayan, 1≠ sansthan, colour, odour, taste, touch, agurulaghu, paraghat, shvashochhvas, atap, udyot, shubhvihaayogati, nirman, tras-10, devaayushya, manushyaayushya, tiryanchayushya, tirthankarnaamkarma - these are 42 types of punya.
તસ બાયર પાં, પત્તેઅં ચિત્રં સુભં ચ સુભગ ચ । સુસ્સર આઈ જર્સ, તસાઈ-દસર્ગ ઈમ હોઈ ||૧૭ના 17) The tras-10 are tras, badar, paryapta, pratyek, sthir, shubh, subhag, susvar, aadey, yash.
PAAP
નાણું-તરાય દસગું, નવ બીએ નીઅસાય મિચ્છત્ત । થાવર દસ નિયતિનં, કસાય પણવીસ તિરિયદુર્ગ ૧૮॥ ઈગ બિ તિ ચઉ જાઈઓ, કુખગઈ ઉવઘાય હુંતિ પાવસ ।
અપસત્ય વજ્ર-ચણ, અપઢમ-સંઘયણ-સંઠાણા ૧૯॥ 18-19) Gnanavaran - 5, antaraay - 5, darshanavarana
- 9, Neechgotra, ashatavedniya, mithyatva, sthavar - 10, narak - 3, kashay - 25, tiryanch - 2, ekendriya, beindriya, teindriya, chaurindriya, ashubh vihaayogati, upghaat, ashubh colour etc. - 4, rest 5 sanghayans, rest 5 sansthans - these are 82 types of paap.
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થાવર અહમ અપર્જ, સાહારણ-મદિર-મસુભ દુભગાણિT
દુસર-ણાઈજ્જ-જર્સ, થાવરદસગં વિવજ્જત્ય ll૨૦l 20) The sthavar-10 are sthavar, sukshma, aparyapta,
sadharan, asthir, ashubh, durbhag, duhsvar, anadey, apyash.
AASHRAV ઇંદિઆ કસાય અન્વય, જોગા પંચ ચઉ પંચ સિન્નિ કમા ! કિરિયાઓ પણવીસ, ઈમા ઉ તાઓ અણુક્કમસો ll૨૧|| 21) The indriya, kashaay, avrat, yog, are respectively
5,4,5,3. Kriyas are 25. They are as follows. કાઈઅ અહિગરણીઆ, પાઉસિયા પારિતાવણી કિરિયા !
પાણાઈવાયરંભિઅ, પરિગ્દહિયા માયવતી ય ll૨૨થી મિચ્છા-દંસણ-વરી, અપચ્ચખાણા ય દિ8િ પુટ્ટી અT
પાડુશ્ચિમ સામંતો, વણીઆ નેસOિ સાહત્થી ૨all આણવણિ વિઆરણિઆ, અણભોગા અણવતંખપચ્ચઈઆ I
અન્ના પઓગ સમુદાણ, પિજ દોસેરિયાવહિઆ Il૨૪ll 22-23-24) Kaayiki, Adhikaraniki, Pradveshiki, Parita
paniki, Pranatipaatiki, Aarambhiki, Parigrahiki, Mayapratyayiki, Mithyadarshan-pratyayiki, Apratyakhyaniki, Drishtiki, Sprishtiki, Pratityaki, Samantopnipatiki, Naisrishtiki, Swahastiki, Aagnapaniki, Vaidaarniki, Anabhogiki, Anavkankshapratyayiki, Prayogiki, Samudayiki, Premiki, Dveshiki, Iryapathiki.
SAMVAR સમિઈ ગુત્તી પરિસહ, જઈધમ્મો ભાવણા ચરિત્તાસિ | પણ તિ દુવીસ દસ બાર, પંચ ભેએહિં સગવન્ના Il૨૫ll 25) The samitis, guptis, parishahas, yatidharmas
NAV-TATIVA bhavanas and charitras are of respectively 5,3,22,10,12,5 types. These are 57 types of samvar. ઈરિયા-ભાસે-સણા-દાણે, ઉચ્ચારે સમિઈસુ અT
મણગુત્તી વયગુરી, કાયગુરી તહેવ ય lરશા 26) The samitis are - Iryasamiti, Bhashasamiti,
Eshanasamiti, Aadaansamiti, Uccharsamiti. The guptis are Manogupti, Vachangupti, and Kaaygupti.
ખુહા પિવાસા સી ઉણહં દંસા ચેલારઇત્યિઓ . ચરિઆ નિશીહિયા સિક્કા, અક્કોસ વહ જાયણા loll
અલાભ રોગ તણફાસા, મલ સક્કાર પરિસહા પન્ના અજ્ઞાણ સમ્પd, ઈઆ બાવીસ પરિસહા Il૨૮ 27-28) Kshudha, Trisha, Sheet, Ushna, Dansh, Achel,
Arati, Stri, Charya, Naishedhiki, Shayya, Aakrosh, Vadh, Yachana, Alabh, Rog, Trunsparsh, Mal, Satkaar, Pragna, Samyaktva - these are 22
parishahs. ખેતી મદ્ભવ અજવ, મુત્તિ તવ સંજમે આ બોધબ્ધ
સચ્ચે સોએ અકિંચણં ચ બંભ ચ જઈધમ્મો l૨૯ll 29) Kshama, Mriduta, Aarjav, Mukti, Tap, Sanyam, Satya,
Shouch, Akinchanta, Brahmacharya - these are 10
types of yatidharma. પટમ-મણિચ્ચ-મસરણં, સંસારો એગયા ય અન્નત્તા અસુઈત્ત આસવ, સંવરો ય તહ નિર્જરા નવમી ૩૦મી લોગસહાવો બોહી દુલહા, ધમ્મસ્સ સાહગા અરિહા !
એઆઓ ભાવણાઓ, ભાવેઅલ્લા પયણ Il3II 30-31) Anitya, Asharan, Sansar, Ekatva, Anyatva,
Ashuchitva, Aashrav, Samvar, Nirjara, Loksvabhav,
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NAV-TATIVA
Bodhidurlabh, Dharma - these 22 bhavanas should be practised with full efforts.
સામાઈઅ– પઢમં, છેવટ્ટાવણ ભવે બીય T પરિહાર વિશુદ્ધિએ, સુહમં તહ સંપરામં ચ Il૩રા તત્તો આ અહકખાય, ખામં સવંમિ જીવલોગમિ ! જે ચરિઊણ સુવિહિઆ, વચ્ચતિ અયરામર ઠાણું Il3I. 32-33) The 5 types of Charitras are as follows first is
Samaayik, second is Chhedopasthapniya, third is Parihaarvishuddhi, fourth is Sukshamasamparay. After that comes Yathakhyat charitra which is wellknown in this world and practising which many souls have been liberated.
NIRJARA અણસણ-મૂણોઅરિયા, વિત્તીસંખેવણે રસચ્ચાઓ ! કાયકિયેસો સલીણયા ય, બન્ઝો તવો હોઈ ૩૪ 34) Anshan, Unodari, Vrittisankshep, Rastyaag, Kaay.
klesh, Sanleenta are Bahyatap (physical penances). પાયચ્છિd વિણઓ, વેચાવચ્ચે તહેવ સન્માઓ . ઝાણ ઉસ્સગ્ગો વિ અ, અહિંતર તવો હોઈ li૩૫ll 35) Prayashchitt, Vinay, Vaiyavatch, Swadhyay, Dhyaan,
Kaayotsarg are Abhyantartap (enternal penance).
પયઈ સહાવો લુત્તો, કિંઈ કાલાવહારણ I અણુભાગો રસો હેઓ, પએસો દલ-સંચઓ |૩ 37) Prakriti means nature, Sthiti means timelimit,
Anubhag means ras (power), Pradesh means
amount of particles. પડ-પડિહાર-સિ-મજ્જ, હડ-ચિત્ત-કુલાલ-ભંડગારીણT જહ એએસિં ભાવા, કમ્માણ વિ જાણ તહ ભાવા ll૩૮. 38) The nature of the eight karmas is similar to the
nature of bands, doorkeeper, sword, wine, shack
les, painter, potmaker, treasurer respectively.
ઈહ નાણ-દંસણા-વરણ, વેચ મોહાઉ નામ ગોઆણિ 1 વિધ્વં ચ પણ નવ દુ અટવીસ ચઉ તિસય દુ પણવિહે il૩૯ll 39) The Gnanavarana, Darshanavarana, Vedniya,
Mohniya, Aayushya, Naam, Gotra, and Antaraay
are respectively of 5, 9, 2, 28, 4, 103, 2, 5 types. નાણે આ દંસણાવરણે, વેયણિએ ચેવ અંતરાએ અT
તીસ કોડાકોડી અયરાણ કિંઈ અ ઉક્કોસા ll૪oll 40) The maximum timelimit of Gnanavarana, Darshan
avarana, Vedniya, Antraaya is 30 x crore x crore sagropams. સત્તરિ કોડાકોડી મોહણિએ વીસ નામગોએસT તિત્તીસ અયરાઈ, આઉક્રિઈ બંધ ઉક્કોસા ll૪૧|| 41) The maximum timelimit of Mohaniya is 70 x
crore x crore sagropams, of Naam - Gotra is 20 X crore x crore sagropams, of Aayushya is 33 sagropams.
BANDH બારસ વિહં તેવો નિર્જરા ય બંધો ચઉ-વિગપ્પો અT
પયઈ-ક્રિઈ-અણુભાગ-પએસ-ભેએહિં નાયબ્બો Il3ઘા. 36) Twelve types of penances are twelve types of
nirjara. Prakriti, Sthiti, Anubhag and Pradesh are four types of bandh.
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NAV-TATIVA બારસ મહત્ત જહન્ના, વેયણિએ અટ્ટ નામ ગોએસ
સેસાણંતમુહd, એય બંધ-ફિઈ-માણ II૪રા 42) The minimum timelimit of Vedniya is 12 muhurats,
of Naam - Gotra is 8 muhurats and of rest is antarmuhurat. This is sthitibandh.
MOKSHA સંત-પય-પરવણયા, દધ્વ-પમાણં ચ ખિત્ત-ફસણા ચT
કાલો આ અંતર ભાગ, ભાવે અપાબહું ચેવ ll૪all 43) Moksha is to be discussed with respect to Satpad,
Dravya, Kshetra, Sparshana, Kaal, Antar, Bhag, Bhav and Alpabahutva. સંત સુદ્ધાચત્તા, વિર્જત અકુસુમંન અસંત 1 મુખત્તિ પયં તસ્સ , પરૂવણા મગ્ગણાઈહિં Il૪૪ll 44) 'Moksha' is a pure word. So, Moksha exists. It isn't
nonexistent like a skyflower. Moksha is a word. It
is described with respect to marganaadwars. ગઈ ઈંદિએ આ કાએ, જોએ વેએ કસાય નાણે યા
સંજમ દંસણ લેસા, ભવ સમે સક્કિ આહારે ll૪પI 45) Gati, Indriya, Kaay, Yog, Ved, Kashay, Gnan,
Sanyam, Darshan, Leshya, Bhavya, Samyaktva,
Sangni, Aahaari - these are fourteen marganaas. નરગઈ પબિંદિ તસ ભવ, સન્નિ અહખાય ખઈઅસમ્મત્તે !
મુકખોડણાહાર કેવલ, દંસણનાણે ન એસેસ ll૪દ્રા
NAV-TATIVA Manushyagati, Panchendriyajati, Traskaay, Bhavya, Sangni, Yathakhyaat charitra, Kshaayik samyaktva, Anaahari, Kevaldarshan, Kevalgnan, not from other marganaas. દવ્વપમાણે સિદ્ધાણં જીવ-દવ્વાણિ હુંતિડાંતાસિ | લોગસ્સ અસંખિજે, ભાગે ઈક્કો ય સવ્વ વિ Idoll 47) Siddhs are infinite. One siddh and all siddhs dwell
in a space measuring lok - countless. કુસણા અહિયા કાલો, ઈગ સિદ્ધ-પડુચ્ચ સાઈડણતો
પડિવાયાડભાવાઓ, સિદ્ધાણં અંતર નથિ ll૪૮ 48) Sparshna is more than Kshetra. Timelimit of one
siddh is saadi-anant. Siddhs don't come back to mundane state, so they don't have any antar. સલ્વજિયાણમાંતે, ભાગે તે તેસિં દંસણ નાણા ખઈએ ભાવે પરિણામિએ, આ પુણ હોઈ જીવd I૪૯ll 49) The siddhs are all jeevas + infinite in number.
Their specific knowledge, common knowledge are
imperishable and vitality is changeable. થોવા નપુંસ સિદ્ધા, થી નર સિદ્ધા કમેણ સંખગુણા | ઇઆ મુકખતgમેણં, નવતત્તા લેસઓ ભણિઆ આપના 50) Napunsaksiddhs are less. Strisiddhs and Purush
siddhs are countable times more respectively. This is mokshatattva. Thus, nine elements have been
described briefly. જીવાઈ નવ પયત્વે, જો જાણઈ તસ્સ હોઈ સમ્મત્ત ! ભાવેણ સદ્ધહંતો, અયાણમાણોવિ સમ્મi Il૫૧||
46) Moksha can be attained from marganaas such as
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NAV-TATIVA
51) One who knows nine elements has samyaktva.
Inspite of lack of its knowledge, even if one has
faith in them, he has samyaktva. સવ્વાઈ જિણેસર ભાસિઆઈ, વચણાઈ નન્નહા હુંતિ ! ઈઆ બદ્ધી જસ્સ મણે, સમ્મત્ત નિચ્ચલ તસ્સ પિશા 52) 'Lord Jineshvar's words are never false' - one who
has such faith in mind, has a firm samyaktva. અંતોમુહુર-મિત્તપિ ફાસિસ્પં હુક્ત જેહિં સમ્મત્ત 1 તેસિં અવ8 પુગ્ગલ, પરિઅટ્ટો ચેવ સંસારો Ivall 53) Their sansar is not more than half a pudgal
paravart who have touched samyaktva even for
an antarmuhurat. ઉસ્સપિણી અહંતા, પુગ્ગલ-પરિચાઓ મુણેઅળ્યો !
તેડાંતા-તીઅદ્ધા, અણાગયદ્ધા અસંતગુણા II૫૪ll 54) Infinite Utsarpinis make a pudgal paravart such
infinite pudgal paravarts have passed away in the
past. Future is infinite times greater than past. જિણઅજિણ તિત્યપતિત્યા, ગિહિ અન્ન સલિંગ વીનર નપુંસા |
પત્તેય સયંબુદ્ધા, બુદ્ધગોહિય ઈક્કણિક્કા ચ પિપા 55) Jin, Ajin, Tirth, Atirth, Grihiling, Anyaling, Swaling,
Stri, Purush, Napunsak, Pratyekbuddh, Swayambuddh, Buddhbodhit, Ek, Anek - these are 15 types
of siddhs. જિણસિદ્ધા અરિહંતા, અજિણસિદ્ધા ય પુંડરિઅપમુહાT ગણહારિ તિત્યસિદ્ધા, અતિ–સિદ્ધા ય મરુદેવી //પા. ગિહિલિંગ સિદ્ધ ભરહો, વક્લચીરી ચ અન્નલિંગમિ !
સાહૂ સલિંગસિદ્ધા થી-સિદ્ધા ચંદણા-પમુહા Ifપoll
પંસિદ્ધા ગોયમાઈ, ગાંગેયાઈ નપુંસયા સિદ્ધા .
પત્તેય-સયંબુદ્ધા, ભણિયા કરઠંડુ-કવિલાઈ II૫૮ તહ બુદ્ધબોહિ ગુરુબોહિયા ય ઈગસમએ એગ સિદ્ધા યT
ઈગ સમયેડવિ અખેગા, સિદ્ધા તેડણેગસિદ્ધા ય //પ૯ll 56-57-58-59) Arihants are Jinsiddhs, ganadhars such
as Pundrik etc. are Ajinsiddhs, Ganadhars are Tirthsiddhas, Marudeva mother is Atirthsiddh, Bharatchakravarti is Grihilingsiddh, Valkalchiri is Anyalingsiddh, Sadhus are Swalingsiddh, Chandanbala etc. are Strilingsiddhs, Gautamswami etc. are Purushsiddhs, Gangey etc. are Napunsaksiddhs, Karkandu etc. are Pratyekbuddhsiddhs, Kapil etc. are Swayambuddhsiddhs, those who have received knowledge from guru are Buddhbodhit, a single soul liberated in a moment is Eksiddh, many
souls liberated in a moment are Aneksiddh. જઈઆઈ હોઈ પુચ્છા, જિણાણ મમ્મમિ ઉત્તર તઈયા ! ઇક્કલ્સ નિગોયલ્સ, અસંતભાગો ય સિદ્ધિ-ગઓ liદoll 60) Whenever Jineshvars will be asked about the number
of liberated souls, their answer would be- 'The number of liberated souls is livingbeings of a nigod : infinite.
If anything has been written in opposition to
Jainism in this book by mistake, I beg pardon for it, please forgive me,
Michhami dukkadam.
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________________ The best eternal saint, late gurudev acharyadev shrimadvijay Premsurishvarji was - 1) A practisioner of pure ascetism. 2) A protector of ascetism. 3) An executor of yog (gifting) and kshem (protecting) of saints. 4) A father, grandfather and forefather of many great saints of Jainism. 5) An idol of abandonment, penance and endurance. 6) A lustrous multitude of celibacy 7) A great effort-maker to maintain peace in the sangh. 8) Worshipped by acharyas, upadhyayas and saint. 9) A great warrior to fight peacefully against unascetic activities, speaking opposite to Jainism and wrong path. 10) Victorious over anger, pride, deciet and greed. 11) A scholar of Jain-agamas. 12) Everready to serve and make others serve the child, the old, the diseased monks etc. 13) A scholar of Karma-scriptures. 14) A composer of vast Karma literature. 15) Always aware about wakefulness of soul. 16) A possessor of the mantra 'Soul purity'. Infinite bowings in the pious feet of this great saint. 329_S BOWINGS 24132 We bow down in the pious feet of Loard Shree SHANKHESHWAR PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree STHAMBHAN PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree KALIKUND PARSHWANATH, Loard Shree SIMANDHARSWAMI, Shashanpati Loard Shree MAHAVEERSWAM. DIVINE GRACE May Y 1) The ocean of doctrines, creator of a huge TY group of ascetics acharyadev shreemadvijay u PREMSURISHVARJI Maharaja 2) The logic scholar, practisioner of vardhaman penance acharyadev shreemadvijay BHUVANBHANUSURISHVARJI Maharaja, and $ 3) The ocean of peace, practisioner of perfect ascetism, pannyasji shree PADMAVIJAYJI GANIVARYA shower their divine grace on us. DECENT BLESSINGS a May the mobile computor of scriptures, leader of the gutch acharyadev shreemadvijay JAYGHOSHSURISHVARJI Maharaja bless us. BY THE COUATESY OF Late Mooliben Ambalal and family Taraben Tarachand, Upendra, Dinesh, Pushpaben Bansilal, Mukesh, Nipun, Piyush, Rasilaben Dharnendra, Nilesh, Sandeep, Ramaben Pandrik, Sharmesh