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________________ jaina tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTItUna utkrAMtivAda (mahArASTra tattvajJAna pariSada, adhivezana 27, mAlADa (muMbaI), 11 te 13 novheMbara 2010) viSaya va mArgadarzana : DaoN. nalinI jozI, jaina adhyAsana, puNe vidyApITha zodhachAtrA : DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA, sanmati-tIrtha, puNe 4 prastAvanA : jainavidyece vyAsaMgI abhyAsaka nehamIca asA dAvA karIta asatAta kI jaina dharma Adhunika vijJAnAzI itara dharmAMcyA tulaneta adhika miLatAjuLatA Ahe. yAsAThI aneka udAharaNehI dilI jAtAta. 'SadravyAtmako loka:' yA vyAkhyenusAra sahA physical realities' nI vizva banalele asaNe ; 'kAla' yA dravyAlA astikAya na mAnatA parivartanAlA AdhArabhUta ase anumeya tattva mAnaNe ; vaizeSikAMpekSA paramANu va skaMdhAMcI adhika sUkSma cikitsA karaNe ; zabdAlA AkAzAcA guNa na mAnatA paudgalika mAnaNe ; 'dona vAyUMcyA saMyogAtUna pANI nirmANa hote', azI avadhAraNA asaNe ; sRSTItIla gati-sthitIMcI niyAmaka azI dharma-adharma nAvAcI dravye mAnaNe ; vanaspatIMmadhIla cetanatA ANi sajIvatA adhorekhita karaNe ; paMceMdriya pazupakSIsRSTIlA mana-bhAvanA-jJAna-kaSAya yA saMkalpanA upayojita karaNe - yA ANi azA aneka saMkalpanAMmadhUna jaina tattvajJAnAne Adhunika vijJAnAzI javaLIka sAdhalI Ahe, hehI spaSTa hote. cArlas DArvinane (1809-1882) mAMDalelyA utkrAMtivAdAcyA siddhAMtAtUna jIvasRSTIcyA abhyAsAlA vegaLeca parimANa lAbhale. paristhitIzI samAyojana karUna haLUhaLU navIna prajAtI vikasita hoNe ANi paristhitIzI samAyojana karU na zakaNAr2yA prajAtIMcA kramAkramAne lopa hoNe', hA utkrAMtivAdAcyA siddhAMtAcA mukhya gAbhA Ahe. 'mAaprANI hA prANIsRSTIcyA vikAsAtIla akheracA TappA Ahe' - asehI hyA siddhAMtAtUna kaLate. jaina siddhAMtagraMthAMtUna ANi sRSTivarNanaviSayaka itara prAcIna graMthAMtUna utkrAMtivAdAsaMbaMdhI kAya mArgadarzana miLate yAcA zodha gheNyAcA prayatna yA zodhanibaMdhAta kelA Ahe. utkrAMtivAdAcA siddhAMta cArlas DArvinanaMtara haksle, spensara, hekela, laoNiDa maoNrgana, bergasoM, aeNlekjhaMDara, vhAiTaheDa, teyAr da zArdai ANi itarahI anekAMnI adhikAdhika spaSTa kelelA disato. paraMtu prastuta zodhanibaMdhAta kevaLa DArvinane mAMDalelyA utkrAMtivAdAcI jaina dRSTIne samIkSA kelelI Ahe. rUDha jaina dhArmika dRSTikoNAnusAra utkrAMtivAda na mAnaNyAcI kAraNe : utkrAMtIcI kalpanA kitIhI junI asalI tarI Adhunika kALAta ticI vaijJAnika paddhatIne mAMDaNI kelyAce zreya cArlas DArvina yAlA miLAle Ahe. The Origin of Species ANi The Descent of Man yA graMthAMnI tyAlA jAgatika mAnyatA ANi amaratA miLavUna dilI. prANyAMcyA ANi pazuMcyA pradIrgha vikAsamAleta mAkaDAcyA ekA viziSTa jAtIpAsUna (Ape) mAnavAcI utpattI jhAlI asAvI, ase mata DArvinane The Descent of Man yA graMthAta vyakta kele. mAnavI AtmagauravAcI bhAvanA dukhAvalI gelyAne khrizcana dharmaguruMnI utkrAMtivAdAlA prakhara virodha kela. ___ jaina dharmAnehI manuSyAcI yonI hI tiryaMcyAMpekSA vegaLI, svataMtra va zreSTha mAnalI Ahe. tyAmuLe arthAtaca anAdikALApAsUna astitvAta asalelyA caturgatIMcyA siddhAMtAvara dRDha vizvAsa ThevaNAre jainahI utkrAMtivAda puDhIla kAraNe deUna khoDUna kADhaNyAcI zakyatA Ahe. ___ jaina dharmAcI azI dhAraNA Ahe kI loka kiMvA jagat kiMvA vizva anAdi anaMta Ahe. te koNI nirmANa kele nAhI ANi tyAcA kadhI zevaTa hoNAra nAhI. vizvAta ekaMdara jIva prAmukhyAne dona prakArace Aheta - siddha ANi saMsArI.' siddha mhaNaje mukta jIva azarIrI svarUpAta anAdi kALApAsUna siddhazilevara virAjamAna Aheta. saMsArI
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________________ jIva he anAdi kALApAsUna karmaparavaza hoUna caturgatyAtmaka saMsArAta akhaMDa phirata Aheta. sarvajJAMnI cAra prakAracya gatI sAMgitalelyA Aheta - naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya ANi deva. yA cArahI gatI anAdi kALApAsUna Aheta ANi anaMta kALAparyaMta rAhaNAra Aheta. yAtalI koNatIhI gatI navyAne nirmANa jhAlelI nAhI. kAraNa koThehI tIna kiMvA dona gatIMce vidhAna nAhI. sarvajJAMnI lokAtIla sarva jIvAMcyA 84 lakSa yonI sAMgitalelyA Aheta. tyA koThehI kamIjAsta hotAnA disata nAhIta. tyAarthI sajIvAMcyA sarva jAtI-prajAtI (species and sub-species) yAMcI saMkhyA nizcita Ahe. viziSTa jIvAMce pUrvabhava va pUrvajanma sAMgata asatAnA gativiSayIce niyama pALale asale tarI to jIva kadhI paMceMdriya manuSya asela tara kadhI ekeMdriya jIva mhaNUna janmAsa yeIla. jIvAMcyA pravAsAta ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya asA krA pALalA gelelA disata nAhI. sRSTI kALAcyA oghAta kadhI nirmANa jhAlI, te jaina dharmAne sAMgitalele nAhI. hAsa ANi utkarSa yAMnI yukta asalele mhaNaje "avasarpiNI ANi utsarpiNIMnI satata phiraNAre kAlacakra Ahe"-"azIca saMkalpanA vyakta kelI Ahe. sRSTIcyA utpattIcA va paMcamahAbhUtAMcyA nirmitIcA upaniSadAMmadhye sAMgitalelA viziSTa kramahI jaina graMthAMta ADhaLata nAhI. hiMdUMcyA avatAra saMkalpaneta disUna yeNArA jalacara, sthalacara, ubhayacara va manuSya asA vikAsakramahI jaina dharmAne adhorekhita kelelA nAhI. __ "ep vAnara tyApAsUna kramAne vikasita jhAlelA manuSya" he utkrAMtivAdAce udAharaNa mhaNUna dile jAte. he dhArmika jaina dRSTikoNAtUna saMbhavata nAhI. kAraNa vAnara hA tiryaMca gatItIla prANI Ahe va manuSyAcI gatI arthAt manuSyagatI muLAtaca vegaLI Ahe. uttarAdhyayana, prajJApanA, gommaTasAra yA ANi aneka graMthAMta iMdriyakrama sAMgatAnA ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya asA sAMgitalA asalA tarI to soyIsAThI ANi lakSAta ThevaNyAsAThI sAMgitalA Ahe. mhaNajeca nivvaLa arthavAdAtmaka Ahe. jIva tyAca kramAne pragatI karato ase mArgadarzana yA vivecanAtUna miLavaNe yogya nAhI. bhavadhAraNA karatAnA sarvAta mahattvAcA ghaTaka Ahe to karmasiddhAMta. pratyeka jIva hA taijas ANi kArmaNa hI dona zarIre barobara gheUna nAmakarmAcyA udayAnusAra tyA tyA yonIta janma gheNAra Ahe mhaNaje karmAce prAbalya he sarvazreSTha Ahe. tI yonI pragata Ahe kI avanata Ahe yAcA saMbaMdha yethe nAhI. dhArmika mAnyatenusAra Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva karoDo varSAMpUrvI hoUna gele. tyAMce AyuSya 84 lakSa pUrva hete. RSabhadevAMnI mAnavAlA susaMskRta banavile mhaNaje tevhAhI manuSyayonI astitvAta hotI. RSabhadevAMnI manuSyAMnA susaMskRta banavile, ep jAtIcyA vAnarAMnA navhe. mhaNajeca 'manuSya' hI pragatIcyA TappyAtIla eka avasthA nasUna paMceMdriya, buddhimAna, vivekazIla, vacana-vyavahAra i. kauzalye asalelI manuSyayonI hI anAdi kALApAsUna astitvAta Ahe. utkrAMtivAdAcyA siddhAMtAnusAra jIvasRSTIcA samAyojanAtmaka kramika vikAsa cAlU asato. jaina mAnyatenusAra AttAcyA avasarpiNI kALAta vikAsa tara soDAca paNa kramAne avanatI kiMvA hAsa cAlU Ahe.10 mAnavAcyA zArIrika va mAnasika sAmarthyAMcAhI hAsa cAlU Ahe. ___AdhyAtmika vikAsAcA vicAra kelA tara sarvocca AdhyAtmika vikAsa asalelyA mokSagAmI mAnavAMpaikI 'tIrthaMkara' he avasarpiNIcyA ANi utsarpiNIcyA tisar2yA ANi cauthyA Ar2yAta hotAta mhaNaje AdhyAtmika vikAsAcyA bAbatItahI utkrAMtivAda arthAt kramika vikAsAcA siddhAMta lAgU paData nAhI. ekaMdarIta jaina dharmAtIla dhAraNA jIvasRSTIcyA samAyojanAtmaka kramika vikAsAlA pUraka asalelyA disata nAhIta.
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________________ pUrvapakSAcA punarvicAra : 'nigodI-jIva' saMkalpanecyA prAraMbhabiMdUcyA AdhAre : uparokta varNanAvarUna azI dhAraNA hoU lAgate kI, jaina zAstrAlA utkrAMtivAda arthAt kramika vikAsavAda hA mAnya nAhI. 'jaina dharma hA vijJAnAnukUla Ahe' ase mata jainavidyecyA sakhola abhyAsakAMnI noMdavilele disate. yA nyAyAne utkrAMtivAdAlA poSaka ase saMketa vastuta: jaina dharmAtUna miLAyalA haveta. jaina zAstragraMthAMta varNilelI 'nigoda' saMkalpanA uparokta vicArAMvara punarvicAra karaNyAsa bhAga pADate. nigodI jIvAMce varNana he prAmukhyAne prajJApanA, jIvAbhigama12 yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAMta ANi gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa)13 yA zaurasenI graMthAta ADhaLate. jijJAsUMnI te sarva savistara varNana mULa graMthAMtUna ANi jaineMdra siddhAMta kozAtUna samajAvUna ghyAve. nigodaviSayaka grAMthika varNanAce sAra ase Ahe - he nigodI jIva atyaMta apragata, ekA zarIrAcyA AdhAre rAhaNAre, sarva lokAta vyApta asalele, anaMtAnaMta, 'ekeMdriya sAdhAraNa vanaspatijIva' Aheta. jaina dhAraNenusAra jevhA ekhAdA jIva mokSa prApta karato tevhA nitya nigodAtUna mhaNaje avyavahAra rAzItUna eka jIva vyavahAra rAzIta mhaNaje saMsArAta praviSTa hoto. mokSAlA jANArA jIva tara nakkI mAnavI jIva Ahe. saMsArAta praviSTa hoNArA jIva apragata nigodI jIva Ahe. jaina zAstrAtIla he tathya utkrAMtivirodhaka vicArAMnA vegaLI dizA deNAre Tharate. nigodaviSayaka tathyAtUna jaina zAstrAtahI kramika jIvavikAsAlA sthAna disate. utkrAMtivAdAcA siddhAMta Adhunika pAribhASika zabdAta mAMDalA asaNyAcI apekSA prAcIna jaina zAstrAkaDUna karatA yeta nAhI. tathApi jIvasRSTIcyA kramika vikAsAce saMketa jaina siddhAMtagraMthAta kase disUna yetAta yAcA zodha gheU. prathama DArvinacyA mAMDaNInusAra, jaina graMthAMtIla tathyAMcA vicAra karU. utkrAMtivAdAcyA siddhAMtAta aMtarbhUta tathye ANi jaina dRSTIne samIkSA : * DArvinacyA mate jIvana-prakriyA (Life process) hI sarvavyApI asate. sarvAMmadhye ekaca jIvanasrota vAhAta asato. tI aneka rUpAMtUna vyakta hota asate. vanaspatI, prANI, pazU, mAnava yA sarvAMtUna ekaca jIvanapreraNA, ekaca jIvanadhArA, ekaca citzaktI vAhAta asate ANi kArya karIta asate ; ANi tI vibhinna mAdhyamAMtUna vAhAtAnA vividha ANi vibhinna rUpe gheta asate. amIbApAsUna vRkSa vanaspatIta, pazu-pakSyAta ANi mAnavAta sarvAMmadhye ekaca mUla jIvanadhArA vAhAta asate. jaina zAstrAnusAra jIva he anaMta Aheta. 'upayoga' he sarva jIvAMce ananyasAdhAraNa lakSaNa Ahe.14 jIvAMcyA aneka jAti-prajAtIMcI ApApalI mhaNUna vegaLI vaiziSTye asalI tarI jJAnacetanecyA rUpAne tyAMcyAta sAmya asate. yAcAca artha asA kI, utkrAMtivAdAcyA paribhASeta ekaca cit-zaktI sarva sajIvAMmadhUna vAhAta asate. * vizvAta jIvanaprakriyA hI akhaMDa, parasparAvalaMbI, parasparapUraka, parasparasAhAyyaka, parasparapoSaka ANi parasparasaMvardhaka azI pradIrgha kriyAmAlikA Ahe. AzcaryAcI ANi mahattvAcI goSTa azI kI, umAsvAtIMnI tattvArthasUtrAta 'parasparograho jIvAnAm'15 yA sUtrAtUna heca adhorekhita kele Ahe kI pArasparika upakAra karaNe' he jIvAMce kArya hoya. kevaLa jIvApuratva navhe tara tyAMnI kAla, pudgala, AkAza, dharma va adharma yA sarva dravyAMcI lakSaNe kAryadvArA sAMgitalI Aheta. * utkrAMtivAdAnusAra, pratyeka jivaMta vastU, vanaspatI ANi prANI yAMcI jivaMta rAhaNyAsAThI mhaNaje maraNa TALaNyAsaThI satata ANi ATokATa dhaDapaDa cAlU asate. koNAhI jivaMta prANyAlA maraNa nakose vATate. jaina zAstrAnusAra, pratyeka sajIvAlA cAra saMjJA arthAt aMta:preraNA (instincts) Aheta - AhAra, bhaya, maithuna
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________________ ANi parigraha.17 yAtIla 'bhayasaMjJA' hI utkrAMtivAdAtIla jIvanakalaha arthAt jIvanasaMgharSAcI pratIka mAnatA yeIla. duHkha TALaNyAcI ANi anukUla te svIkAraNyAcI sarva jIvAMcI pravRttI AcArAMgAtIla puDhIla udgArAMvarUna spaSTa hote. "savve pANA piyAuyA suhasAyA dukkhapaDikUlA, appiyavahA piyajIviNo jIviukAmA / savvesiM jIviyaM ppiM 18 * utkrAMtivAdAnusAra, prANyAMcI ANi vanaspatIMcI bAhya racanA va avayava vAtAvaraNAcyA garajepramANe avasthAMta karIta karIta, sthira hotAta. naMtara he guNadharma AnuvaMzikatecyA mArgAne puDhIla pIDhIta saMkramita hotAta. tyAmuLe to jIvanakalahAta TikAva dharU zakato. jaina zAstrAnusAra, jIva hA veLoveLI aneka paryAya arthAta avasthAMtare dhAraNa karIta asato. 'anukUla zarIra dhAraNa karaNe'- hA jIvAcA paryAya mAnatA yeIla. nAmakarmAnusAra jIvAcI yonI, zArIrika vaiziSTye Tharata asatAta. gotrakarma mhaNaje spaSTata: genetic qualities hota." mhaNaje jIva hA tyAcyA karmAnusAra viziSTa yonIta gelyAnaMtara tyA prajAtIce je bAhya zArIrika AkAra nakkI jhAlele asatAta tyAnusAraca tyAcI zArIrika vaiziSTye TharatAta. jIvajAtIMmadhye pradIrgha kAlAvadhIta jhAlele zArIrika saMracanAtmaka badala he phakta bAhya AkArAta jhAlelI avasthAMtare mhaNaje paryAya Aheta. tyAmuLe pUrvajanma, punarjanma mAnale tarIhI utkrAMtivAdAcyA siddhAMtAsa koNatIhI bAdhA pohocata nAhI. * utkrAMtivAdAnusAra, jyA jIvajAtI baliSTha Aheta tyA TikUna rAhaNAra Aheta va jyA durbala Aheta tyA haLUhaLU nAmazeSa hota jANAra Aheta. mhaNajeca 'survival of the fittest' hA nisargAcA niyama Ahe. rUDha jaina mAnyatenusAra jara jIvajAtIMcI saMkhyA koNatyAhI kALAta sunizcita mhaNaje 84 lAkha mAnalI tara te utkrAMtivAdAzI pUraka Tharata nAhI. mahattvAcI goSTa azI kI jIvayonIMcI 84 lakSa hI saMkhyA kALAcyA oghAta TIkAkArAMnI kelelI saMkalpanAtmaka nirmitI Ahe. ardhamAgadhI va zaurasenI bhASetIla prAcInatama jaina graMthAMta 84lakSa yonIMcA nirdeza nAhI. yAcAca artha asA kI, 'survival of the fittest' yA siddhAMtAlA jaina dRSTyA koNatIca aDacaNa nAhI. arthAt 84 lakSa yonIMce, ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya jIvajAtIMmadhye sUkSmatApUrvaka kelele vibhAjana, hA jaina zAstrAcA eka lakSaNIya vizeSaca mAnAvA lAgela. * DArvinacyA mate utparivartane jazI pragatIlA (Progression) sAhAyyaka va poSaka TharatAta, tazI kAhI sadoSa utparivartane utkrAMtIta parAgatI (Retrogression) karaNyAlAhI jabAbadAra TharU zakatAta. jaina zAstrAtahI kAlacakrAce utsarpiNI va avasarpiNI he Tappe utkarSa va -hAsa yA donhIhI goSTIMcA nirdeza karatAta. pragatI va r2hAsAce he kAlacakra nisargAcAca eka bhAga Ahe, he jaina zAstrakArAMnA jANavalele disate. * utkrAMtivAdAcA siddhAMta puDhe netAnA lAmArka hA jIvavaijJAnika mhaNato kI, 'utkrAMtIlA prANyAcI saMkalpazaktI va prayatna hehI jabAbadAra asatAta. ' pratyeka jIva tattvataH anaMtacatuSTayAne" yukta asUna ApApalyA kuvatInusAra pratyeka jIvajAtI puruSArtha arthAt prayatna karIta rAhate asA jaina zAstrAcAhI ekaMdara abhiprAya Ahe. - * rUDhIvAdI dhArmika vicArAMcA virodhI hallA paratavitAnA DArvina spaSTa karato kI, 'jagaNyAcI kSamatA hI kevaLa zArIrika rItyA jivaMta rAhaNyAcI kSamatA kiMvA pAtratA samajAvayAsa pAhije ; ticA naitika pAtratezI goMdhaLa karatA kAmA naye. zArIrika pAtratA ANi naitika pAtratA yA dona goSTI ekarUpa nAhIta. jIvazAstrIya abhikalpa naitika
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________________ kSetrAta lAgU karaNyAcyA prayatnAtUna yA goMdhaLAcA janma hoto.' paraMtu DArvina kiMvA spensara doghehI utkrAMtIce upapattI nItIsa virodhI Ahe ase mAnata nAhIta. jainazAstrAne dona vegavegaLyA pAtaLyAMvara siddhAMtAcI racanA kelelI disate. naitika athavA AdhyAtmika vikAsAsAThI karmAMvara AdhArita, pUrvajanma-punarjanma yAMnA upobalaka asA AdhyAtmika vikAsAcA dyotaka guNascama athavA guNazreNIMcA siddhAMta mAMDalelA disato. mhaNaje vyAvahArika pAtaLIvara atyaMta apragata azI nigoda jIvAMcI saMkalpanA taseca ekeMdriya, dvIMdriya azI jaivika dRSTyA mAMDaNI ityAdI sAMgUna utkrAMtivAdAcehI bIjarUpAne saMketa dile Aheta. yA donhI siddhAMtAMcI pAtaLI vegavegaLI Ahe. tyAta parasparavirodha nAhI. naitika vAdAcyA caukaTItUna jIvazAstrIya utkrAMtIkaDe baghaNyAcyA aTTAhAsAmuLe jaina vicAra utkrAMtIlA pUraka nAhIta ase varakaraNI vATate. kiMbahunA sRSTIta hoNAr2yA jaivika vikAsAce saMketa jaina graMthAMta ADhaLUna yeNe hI jaina darzanAcI upalabdhI mAnAvI lAgela. * DArvinacyA matAnusAra, mAnavAcI jANIva ANi mana hI suddhA mULa jaDadravyAcI vikasita rUpe Aheta. AtmA va mana vegaLe AdhyAtmika dravya nasUna te utkrAMta hota gelelyA zarIrAceca AviSkAra Aheta. jaina zAstrAnehI DArvinacyA matAnusAra, 'mana' he paudgalika mAnale Ahe.21 AtmyAlA jaDadravyAce vikasita rUpa mAnaNe mAtra jaina tattvajJAnAcyA prakRtIta basata nAhI. jaina matAnusAra cetana va acetana hI donhI tattve svataMtra asUna anAdi kALApAsUna ekamekAMcyA saMparkAta Aheta. * vizvAtIla AkAra, vyavasthA, yojanA yA naisargikapaNe ghaData asatAta. yAta zreSTha daivI buddhIcA ANi zaktIcA hastakSepa nasato, ase DArvinace mata Ahe. DArvinacI bhUmikA anubhavavAdI, pratyakSArthavAdI ANi nirIzvaravAdI Ahe. __ jaina darzanAnehI nirIzvaravAdI bhUmikA spaSTapaNe mAMDalI Ahe. arthAt jIvasRSTIbAbata karmasiddhAMta ANi puruSArthavAda yA donhIMcI sAMgaDa ghAtalI Ahe. * DArvinacyA mate, yA vizvAta kAhIhI sthira, acala ANi na badalaNAre nasate. 'badalaNe' nisargAcA svAbhAvika dharma Ahe. parivartanAcI kriyA samAyojanAcyA prakriyemArphata aviratapaNe cAlU Ahe va cAlU rAhIla. ____ jaina darzanAne 'sat'cI vyAkhyA karatAnA kUTastha va nitya sat3 saMkalpanecA pAThapurAvA kelA nAhI. dravyarUpAne sat ANi paryAya rUpAne badalaNAre aseca vastU, vyaktI va ghaTanAMce astitva mAnale.24 tyAmuLeca adhyAtmavAdAcyA ADa na yetAhI sRSTIcyA nitya badalatyA rUpAcI upapattI jaina tattvajJAnAcyA AdhAre lAvatA yete. sad vastU muLAtaca anaMta dharmAtmaka Ahe.25 tyAzivAya vastUkaDe baghaNyAce dRSTikoNa arthAt nayahI anekavidha asatAta. hI tathye sAMgitalyAmuLe vikAsa, badala, hAsa yA sarvAMnAca jaina tattvajJAnAnusAra eka sudRDha pArzvabhUmI prApta hote. utkrAMtivAdAce maMtavya DoLyAsamora ThevUna hI samIkSA kelI. AtA jaina graMthAMtUna miLaNAr2yA utkrAMtisUcaka saMketAMvara najara TAkU. jaina graMthAMtUna miLaNAre utkrAMtisUcaka saMketa : (1) nigodI jIvAMnA Adhunika paribhASeta 'Microbes' mhaNatA yeIla. Adhunika jIvazAstrAtahI svataMtra sajIvAcI mAyakrobja hI azI avasthA Ahe kI tI, vanaspatisRSTIcyA aMtargata yete kI prANisRSTIcyA ?'-azI saMbhramAvastha nirmANa karato. lokAtIla eka jIva mokSagAmI jhAlyAnaMtara itara nigodAtIla eka jIva saMsArAta praviSTa hoto, he jaina zAstrAtIla vidhAna vegaLI dizA deNAre Tharate. jyA arthI AdhyAtmika dRSTyA pragata manuSya mokSagAmI jhAlyAnaMtara, jIvasRSTIta apragata nigodI jIva praveza karato, tyA arthI jaina zAstrAtahI kramika jIvavikAsAlA nizcita sthAna
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________________ disate. (2) 'nigoda' siddhAMtAcA jara adhika vikAsa jhAlA asatA tara to utkrAMtivAdAcyA rUpAne kadAcit disUna AlA asatA. AdhyAtmika ANi dhArmika mAnyatA jevhA varacaDha jhAlyA tevhA anaMtakAyika nigodI jIvAMce sthAna jaina dharmAta khAnapAnaviSayaka AcAraniyamAta Ale ANi saiddhAMtika vikAsa thAMbalA. (3) pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu, vanaspatI yA pAcAMnA jaina zAstrAne mUrcchita cetanAyukta sthAvara jIva mAnale Aheta. te ekeMdriya Aheta. dvIMdriyAMpAsUna caturiMdriyAMparyaMtace jIva kramAkramAne iMdriyadRSTyA vikasita Aheta ANi trasaAheta. tiryaMca paMceMdriya ANi garbhaja manuSya yAMnA pAca iMdriyAMbarobaraca manahI Ahe." jaina zAstrAne DArvinapramANeca manAlAhI paudgalika mAnale Ahe. sarva prakAracyA tiryaMcyAMnA ApApalyA kuvatInusAra jJAna, bhAvabhAvanA ityAdi asalyA tarI mAnavAmadhye vicAra va vivekAlA prAdhAnya asalyAmuLe to sarvAdhika vikasita mAnalA Ahe. vikAsakramAce itake Tappe suvyavasthitapaNe disata asatAnA tyAtUna vikAsakramAce sUcana hota nAhI ase mhaNaNe kevaLa hAsyAspada Tharate. (4) manuSyagatIce durlabhatva lakSAta gheUna jaina dharmAne mAnavakeMdrI dRSTikoNAtUna manuSya nAvAcI vegaLI cauthI gatIca kalpilI Ahe. vastuta: mAnava hA tiryaMcasRSTItIlaca pragata prANI Ahe. mhaNaje, pradIrgha kALAcyA oghAta vAnarAcA mAnava banaNyAcyA prakriyeta, 'gatI badalaNe' hA kAhI aDathaLA asU zakata nAhI. kAraNa mAnavAlA sarvAta pragata tiryaMca mhaNaNyAta jaina zAstrAlA kAhIca AkSeca asaNAra nAhI. tasehI manuSyAlA 'manuSyaprANI' mhaNaNyAcA pragha Aheca. mAnavI durlabhatvAcA asAhI artha lAvatA yeIla kI, nisargAcyA vikAsakramAta mAnava sarvAta zevaTacyA TappyAvara nirmANa jhAlA Ahe. (5) 'upaniSadAMmadhye pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyU, AkAza yAMcyAmadhye jasA eka viziSTa krama anusyUta Ahe tasA jaina darzanAtalyA pAca ekeMdriya jIvAMmadhye Ahe kA ?' - yAcA vicAra karU lAgalo asatA ase disate kI, uttarAdhyayana, paMcAstikAya yA prAcIna AgamagraMthAMta pRthvI, ap ANi vanaspatI yA tighAMnAca sthAvara mhaTale Ahe. vanaspatizAstrIya mAnyatenusAra vanaspatIcyA vADhIlA kSAra ANi pANI he dona ghaTaka lAgatAta. pANI he dona vAyUMcyA saMyogAne banale Ahe. yAcA nirdeza sUtrakRtAMgAta ADhaLato. yAcAca artha asA kI, vanaspatisRSTI hI pRthvI va pANI yAMcyA AdhAre vikasita hoU zakate. heca tathya yA tighAMnA 'sthAvara' mAnaNyAmAge apekSita asAve. zivAya jaina mAnyatenusAra nigodI jIva he vanaspatikAyika Aheta. yA sarvAMcA bhAvArtha asA kI, dRzya jIvasRSTIcA AraMbha vanaspatIMpAsUna jhAlA va vanaspatIMcyA AdhAre hAlacAla karaNArI jIvasRSTI haLUhaLU vikasita jhAlI. jaina zAstrAtIla va utkrAMtivAdAtIla avadhAraNA ekA samAna mudyApAzI yeUna ThepatAta. (6) AyuSyakarmAcyA aMtargata jaina darzanAne pratyeka jIvAcyA kAyasthiticA va bhavasthiticA vicAra kelA Ahe. kAyasthiti mhaNaje koNatyAhI dusar2yA jAtIta (species) janma na grahaNa karatA tyAca tyAca jAtImadhye (species) vAraMvAra utpanna hoNe. tattvArthasUtrAcyA tisar2yA adhyAyAta ekeMdriya te paMceMdriya jIvAMcI utkRSTa va jaghanya kAyasthiti dilelI Ahe. tyAtIla utkRSTa kAryasthiti lakSAvadhI ANi karoDo varSe AdhI noMdavilelI Ahe? ekAca kAyasthitIta ati pradIrgha kALa rAhilyAmuLe paristhitIzI samAyojana karUna, tyA tyA jAtI-prajAtIMnI ApalA vikAsa karUna gheNyAcI zakyatAca jaNU jaina darzanAne vyakta kelelI disate.
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________________ upasaMhAra ANi niSkarSa : upasaMhArAta AraMbhIca namUda karaNe garajece Ahe kI, utkrAMtivAda (ANi arthAtaca parAgativAda) hA Adhunika vijJAnayugAta mAMDalA gelelA siddhAMta Ahe. to tyAca prakAracyA paribhASeta jaina prAcIna tattvagraMthAta ADhaLata nAhI. kiMbahunA tazI apekSAca ThevatA yeta nAhI. ApaNa kevaLa he jANU zakato kI jaina tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTItUna utkrIvAdAlA pratikUla ase saMketa miLatAta kI anukUla ? zodhanibaMdhAcyA AraMbhI rUDha dhArmika va AdhyAtmika caukaTItUna disUna yeNAre pratikUla saMketa pAhile. tyAtaMra DArvinacI paribhASA ANi jaina vicAradhArA - yAMcyAtIla sAmyasthaLe pAhilI. jaina graMthAtIla paribhASA ulagaDUna dAkhaviNyAcA prayatna tisar2yA mudyAta kelA. aMtimata: ase mhaNatA yeIla kI, jaina tattvajJAna utkrAMtivAdAlA upobalaka azAca tathyAMce digdarzana karate. * 'jaga anAdi anaMta Ahe'-yAce spaSTIkaraNa uttarAdhyayanasUtrAtaca ase kele Ahe kI 'jaga he pravAhAcyA dRSTIne anAdi anaMta tara jIvAcyA vartamAna paryAyAcyA apekSene sAdi sAnta Ahe.' * 'dravya' saMkalpanecyA vyAkhyetaca 'dhrauvya' ANi 'paryAya' (badala) he donhI aMtarbhUta Aheta. mhaNajeca 'jIvatva' ANi 'paramANutva' abAdhita rAkhUnahI avasthAMtare, badala yAMnA pUrNa vAva Ahe. sarva prakAracyA jIvajAtIMce bAhyAkAra (forms) paristhitInusAra badalU zakatAta. kamI-adhika vikasita hoU zakatAta, prasaMgI naSTahI hoU zakatAta. 'dravya-guNa-paryAya' hA siddhAMta ANi 'dravya-kSetra-kAla-bhAva' he nikSepa utkrAMtivAdAlA anukUla TharatAta. * sUkSma nigodI jIvAMcI saMkalpanA 'utkrAMtivAdA'cA sarvAdhika suspaSTa saMketa Ahe. * aneka jAti-prajAtIMcyA pradIrgha 'bhavasthiti' ANi 'kAyasthiti' hyA, maMdagatIne hota jANAr2yA badalAlA atizaya anukUla Aheta. * jIvAMcI karme, tyAnusAra jIvAcA hoNArA caturgatyAtmaka pravAsa, pUrvajanma-punarjanmAvara AdhArita dhArmika ANi AdhyAtmika saMkalpanA hI jaina vicArAMcI eka dizA Ahe. paudgalika athavA bhautika zarIrakRtIMmadhye vAtAvaraNAlA anukUla badala ghaDavIta aneka jAtI-prajAtI vikasita hoNe athavA naSTa hoNe - hI jaina tattvajJAnAcyA caukaTIta rAhUnaca ADhaLUna yeNArI azI vicArAMcI dusarI paraMtu samAMtara dizA Ahe. pahilI dizA dusarIlA cheda deNArI nAhI. AdhyAtmikatA kAyama rAkhUna suddhA jIvasRSTIcyA kramika utkrAMtIlA athavA parAgatIlA jaina darzanAta bAdhA yeta nAhI, ase maMtavya yA zodhanibaMdhAta vyakta karAvayAce Ahe. ********** saMdarbha 1) saMsAriNo muktAzca / tattvArthasUtra 2.10 2) a) aloe paDihayA siddhA loyagge ya paiTThiyA / iha bondiM caittANaM tattha gantUNa sijjhaI / / uttarAdhyayana 36.56 ba) egatteNa sAIyA apajjavasiyA vi ya / puhatteNa aNAIyA apajjavasiyA vi ya / / uttarAdhyayana 36.65
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________________ 3) paMcindiyA u je jIvA cauvvihA te viyAhiyA / neraiyA tirikkhA ya maNuyA devA ya ahiyA / / uttarAdhyayana 36.155 4) Niccidara dhAdusattaya tarudasa viyaliMdiyesu chacceva / sura Niraya tiriya cauro coddasa maNuye sadasahassA / bArasANupekkhA gAthA 35 5) asaMkhejjAhiM ussappiNi - avasappiNIhiM avahIraMti kAlao / anuyogadvAra gAthA 423 6) uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 10-gAthA 5-13, adhyayana 36-gAthA 69-155 7) prajJApanA, pada 1-15 8) audArika vaikriyA''hArakataijasakArmaNAni zarIrANi / tattvArthasUtra 2.37 tadAdIni bhAjyAni yugapadekasyAcaturdAH / / tattvArthasUtra 2.44 9) tiloyapaNNatti 4.579-582 10) tiloyapaNNatti 4.1535-1544 11) prajJApanA pada 1,3,18 12) jIvAbhigama 5.56 13) gommaTasAra (jIvakAMDa) 14) upayogo lakSaNam / tattvArthasUtra 2.8 15) tattvArthasUtra 5.21 16) tattvArthasUtra 5.17-22 17) saNNA cauvvihA AhAra-bhaya-mehuNaparigahasaNNA cedi / khINasaNNA vi atthi dhavalA 2.1; 1.413.2 18) AcArAMga 1.2.3.63-64 19) tattvArthasUtra 8.12, 8.13 20) anaMta jJAna, anaMta darzana, anaMta cAritra, anaMta vIrya - kSapaNasAra gAthA 610 21) zarIravAGmana:prANApAnA: pudgalAnAm / tattvArthasUtra 5.19 22) utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat / tattvArthasUtra 5.29 23) tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / tattvArthasUtra 5.30 24) guNaparyAyavad dravyam / tattvArthasUtra 5.37 25) arpitAnarpitasiddheH / tattvArthasUtra 5.31 26) dazavaikAlika 3.7 27) appege saMpamArae , appege uddavae / AcArAMga 1.1.5.112 28)samanaskA'manaskA : / --- saMjJinaH samanaskAH / tattvArthasUtra 2.11-25 29) a) puDhavI AujIvA ya taheva ya vnnssii| iccee thAvarA tivihA tesiM bhee suNeha me / / uttarAdhyayana 36.69 ba) pRthivyambuvanaspataya: sthAvarAH / tattvArthasUtra 2.13 30) sUtrakRtAMga 2.3.22 31) nRsthitI parApare tripalyopamAntarmuharte / tiryagyonInAM ca / tattvArthasUtra 3.17-18 * vaijJAnika saMdarbha * * yA zodhanibaMdhAsAThI Avazyaka tI vaijJAnika mAhitI Wikipedia hyA Website varUna ghetalI Ahe. * mahArASTra vidyApITha graMthanirmitI maMDaLAcyA DaoN.ga.nA.jozI kRta 'pAzcAtya tattvajJAnAcA itihAsa (khaMDa tisarA) yA graMthAtUnahI saMdarbha ghetale Aheta. saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI 1) aNuyogadvAra (aNuogaddAra) : Arya rakSita, saM.muni puNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, muMbaI, 1968 2) AcArAMga (bhASya va niyuktisahita) : jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1974 3) uttarAdhyayana (uttarajjhayaNa) : muni puNyavijaya, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, 1977 4) gommaTasAra : nemicandrasiddhAMtacakravartI, da seMTrala jaina pabliziMga hAUsa, lakhanau, 1927
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________________ 5) jIvAjIvAbhigama : uvaMgasuttANi 4 (khaMDa 1), jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1987 6) tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti, paM.sukhalAlajI saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, 2001 7) trilokaprajJapti (tiloyapaNNatti) : yativRSabha, saM.pro.e.en.upAdhye, hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA 1, solApura, 1943 8) dazavaikAlika (dasaveyAliya) : navasuttANi 5, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1987 9) prajJApanA (paNNavaNA) : uvaMgasuttANi 4 (khaMDa 2), jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), 1986 10) sUtrakRtAMga (sUyagaDa) : aMgasuttANi 1, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vi.saM. 2031