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________________ jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa * DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, nyAyAcArya pradhAna sampAdaka prAvRtta hama yahA~ jaina saMskRtike vibhinna aMgoMmeM nyAyazAstra ke vikAsa para vimarza kareMge / isa saMskRtimeM dharma, darzana, nyAya, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, jyautiSa AdikA samAveza hai / aura pratyeka para gaharAIke sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jainadharma bhAratakI AdhyAtmika urvarA bhUmimeM utpanna huA, vikasita huA aura samRddha huA hai / yaha bhAratIya dharma hote hue bhI vaidika aura bauddha donoM bhAratIya pradhAna dharmose bhinna hai / isake pravarttaka 24 tIrthaMkara haiM; jo vaidika dharmake 24 avatAroM tathA bauddhadharmake 28 buddhoMse bhinna haiM / ina sabhIkA tattvanirUpaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna hai / hA~, kitanI hI bAtoM meM unameM sAmya bhI hai, jo svAbhAvika hai, kyoMki sadiyoMse hI nahIM; sahasrAbdiyoMse eka sAtha rahanevAloMmeM eka-dUsarese prabhAvita honA aura AdAna-pradAna karanA bahuta sambhava hai / purAtattva itihAsa aura sAhityakI pracura sAkSiyoMse bhI siddha hai ki jainadharma ina donoM dharmose pRthak evaM svatantra dharma hai| usakA mUlAdhAra usakI viziSTa AdhyAtmikatA evaM tattva nirUpaNa hai / tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva I jainadharma ke Adyapravartaka RSabhadeva / jaina sAhitya meM inheM prajApati, AdibrahmA, AdinAtha, bRhaddeva, purudeva, nAbhisUnu aura vRSabha nAmoMse bhI samullekhita kiyA gayA hai / inake eka sau eka ( 101 ) putra bharata jyeSTha putra the, jo unake rAjyake uttarAdhikArI to hue hI, prathama samrAT bhI the, aura jinake nAma para hamAre rASTrakA nAma "bhArata" par3A / vaidika dharma meM bhI inheM aSTamaavatAra ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA / " bhAgavata" meM " arhan" rAjAke rUpameM inakA vistRta varNana hai| Rgveda Adi prAcIna vaidika sAhityameM bhI inakA Adarake sAtha saMstavana kiyA gayA hai / anya 20 tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake pazcAt ajitase lekara nami paryanta 20 tIrthaMkara aise hue, jinhoMne RSabhadevakI taraha apane-apane samaya meM dharma-tIrthakA pravartana kiyA / RSabhadevake bAda namike bIca meM aise samaya Ae, jaba jainadharmakA viccheda ho gayA, jisakA punaH sthApana inhoMne kiyA / aura isase ve tIrthaMkara kahe gaye / namake pazcAt 22 veM tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi athavA nemi hue| ye zrIkRSNake bar3e tAU samudra vijaya ke tanaya tathA unake cacere bhAI the / ye bacapanase sAttvika, pratibhAvAn aura balazAlI the / inake jIvanameM eka ghaTanA aisI ghaTI, jisane unake jIvanako mor3a diyaa| jaba inakI bArAta jUnAgar3ha pahu~cI, to nagarake bAhara eka bAr3e meM ghire hue pazuoMke cItkArako inhoMne sunA / sunakara rathake sArathIse isakA kAraNa pUchA / sArathIne kahA- "mahAmAnya rAjakumAra ! bArAtameM jo mAMsabhakSI rAjA Ae haiM, unake mAMsa bhakSaNa hetu inheM mArA jAyegA / " ise sunate hI rAjakumAra ariSTanemi saMsArase virakta ho gaye / aura pazuoM ko ghere mukta karAkara vivAha na karAte hue nikaTavartI Urjayantagiri para cale ge| vahA~ pahu~cakara samasta vastrAbhUSaNa tyAga die aura digambara sAdhu hA gae / ghora tapasyA aura dhyAna karake vItarAga sarvajJa bana gae ! 5-1
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________________ 2 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha varSoM taka janasAmAnyako ahiMsA tathA mokSamArgakA unhoMne upadeza diyA / aMtameM usI Urjayantagirise nirvANa prApta kiyA / vaidika sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para vighna vinAzake lie inakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ariSTanemi eka hajAra varSa pazcAt 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha hue, jinakA janma vArANasImeM huaa| rAjA azvasena aura mAtA vAmAdevIkI kUMkhase janma liyA / eka dina kumAra pArzva vana-krIr3Ake lie gaMgA kinAre ge| vahA~ unhoMne dekhA ki eka tApasI paMcAgni tapa rahA hai / vaha agnimeM gIle aura pole lakkar3a jalA rahA thA / pArzvakI painI dRSTine dekhA ki usa lakkar3a meM eka nAga-nAganIkA yugala hai / aura jo mRtaka avasthA meM hai / kumAra pArzvane yaha tApasIse kahA / tApasI jhuMjhalA kara bolA - " isameM kahA~ nAganAganI haiM" aura jaba usa lakkar3ako phAr3A gayA to usameM maraNAsanna nAga- nAganIko dekhA / pArzvane " NamokAra maMtra" par3hakara donoMko sambodhA, jisake prabhAvase vaha yugala marakara deva-jAtimeM dharaNendra - padmAvatI huA / jaina maMdiroM meM pArzvanAthakI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM ke mastaka para jo phaNAmaNDapa dekhA jAtA hai / vaha dharaNendra ke phaNAmaNDapakA aMkana hai, jise usane apane upakArIke prati kRtajJatAvaza kamaTha dvArA yogamagna pArzvanAtha para kie gaye upasargoM ke nivAraNArthaM apanI vikriyAse banAyA thA / pArzvakumAra lokameM phailI huI ina mUr3hatAoMko dekhakara kumAra avasthAmeM hI pravRjita ho gaye, na vivAha kiyA aura na rAjya kiyA / kaThora tapasyA kara 'arhantakevalI' ho gaye aura jagaha-jagaha padayAtrAe~ karake lokameM phailI mUr3hatAoM ko dUra kiyA tathA jJAnakA pracAra kiyA / aMta meM unhoMne vihAra pradezameM sthita sammeda zikhara parvatase, jise Aja "pArzvanAtha hila" kahA jAtA hai, muktilAbha kiyA / pArzvanAtha se ar3hAI sau varSa pazcAt IsApUrva 526 meM antima evaM 24veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra hue, jinheM vardhamAna, vIra, ativIra aura sanmati ina cAra nAmoMse bhI ullikhita kiyA jAtA hai / ye vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke nAyaka ceTakake dhevatA tathA siddhArthaM evaM trizalAke putra the / kuNDalapura ( kuNDapura ) inakI janmabhUmi thI / trizalAkA dUsarA nAma priyakAriNI thA / priyakAriNI bimbasAra aparanAma rAjA zreNikakI rAnI celanAkI sagI bar3I bahina thIM / mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI aneka mUr3hatAe~ vyApta thIM / dharmake nAmapara naramedha, gomedha, azvamedha, ajamedha Adi hiMsA pUrNa yajJa kie jAte the / tathA " yAjJikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati" jaise zruti vAkyoMse unakA samarthana kiyA jAtA thA / mahAvIrane dezakI yaha sthiti dekhakara use badalanekA nirNaya kiyA / aura bharI javAnI meM tIsa varSakI vayameM hI rAjamahalake sukhoMkA tyAgakara digambara sAdhu ho gaye / aura maunapUrvaka bAraha varSa ghora tapasyA kI / phalataH 42 varSakI avasthAmeM unheM kevalajJAna prApta ho gayA aura pUrNa vItarAga - sarvajJa ho ge| unhoMne tIsa varSa taka vihAra karake ukta hiMsApUrNa yajJoMkA niSedha kiyA / tathA ahiMsApUrNa AtmayajJa karanekA upadeza diyA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki naramedha, gomedha Adi yajJa baMda ho gaye / aura logoMke hRdayameM ahiMsAko hI dharmaM mAnanekI AsthA dRr3ha ho gaI / vaidika dharmake mahAn vidvAn evaM vaidika karmakANDake prasiddhakarttA gautama indrabhUti aura unake vaidika vidvAn daza bhAI bhI ahiMsAke prati AsthAvAn bana gae / itanA hI nahIM, mahAvIrake pAdamUlameM pahu~cakara unake ziSya bhI ho gaye / indrabhUti to unakA pradhAna gaNadhara ( AdyaziSya ) bana gayA ? aura mahAvIrake upadezoMko usane cahu~ora phailAyA / dhyAtavya hai ki pArzvanAthakI paramparAke eka digambara sAdhuse dIkSita evaM nagna rahanA, khar3e-khar3e AhAra lenA, kezaluJcana karanA Adi digambara caryAko pAlanevAle, kintu use bAdameM kaSTadAyI jJAtakara tyAga denevAle tathA madhyama mArgake pravarttaka gautama buddhane bhI mahAvIrake ahiMsA - pracArameM prabala sahayoga kiyA / dIghanikAya Adi bauddha sAhitya meM aneka sthaloMpara "niggaMthanAthaputta" ke nAmase mahAvIrake siddhAntoMkI
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________________ 5 / jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 3 carcA kI gaI hai| Aja ve aitihAsika mahApuruSake rUpameM vizruta evaM sarvamAnya haiM / san 1974-75meM samagra bhArata aura vizvake aneka dezoMmeM unakI pAvana 2500vIM nirvANa jayantI pUre eka varSa taka manAI gayI thI, jisake samAroha bhAratake sabhI rAjyoMmeM Ayojita hae the| jinameM pUre rASTrane unheM zraddhAJjaliyA~ arpita kI thiiN| aMtameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane buddhakI nirvANabhUmi kuzInagarake pAsa sthita pAvAse mokSa prApta kiyaa| tIrthaMkara-dezanA ina caubIsa tIrthaMkaroMne apane-apane samayameM dharmamArgase cyuta janasamadAyako sambodhita kiyA, aura use dharmamArgameM lgaayaa| isIse inheM dharmamArga-mokSamArgakA netA tIrtha pravartaka, tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai| jaina siddhAntake anusAra janakalyANakI bhAvanA bhAnese baddha "tIrthaMkara" nAmakI eka puNya (prazasta) prakRtikarma hai, usake udayase tIrthakara hote haiM aura ve tattvopadeza karate haiN| nauvIM zatAbdIke AcArya vidyAnaMdane 'AptaparIkSA' kArikA solahameM spaSTa kahA hai ki "vinA tIrthakaratvena nAmnA nArthopadezanA" arthAta binA tIrthakara puNyanAmakarmake tatvopadeza sambhava nahIM hai| ina tIrthaMkaroMkA vaha upadeza jinazAsana, jinAgama, jinazruta, dvAdazAMga, jinapravacana Adi nAmoMse vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai| unake isa upadezako unake pramukha evaM pratibhAzAlI ziSya viSayabAra bhinna-bhinna prakaraNoMmeM nibaddha karate haiN| ataeva use prabandha evaM grantha bhI kahate haiN| unake upadezako nibaddha karane vAle ina pramukha ziSyoMko jainavAGmayameM "gaNadhara" kahA gayA hai| ye gaNadhara atyanta sUkSmabuddhivAle evaM viziSTa kSayopazamake dhAraka hote haiN| unakI dhAraNAzakti aura smaraNazakti asAdhAraNa hotI hai| uttarakAlameM alpamedhAke dhAraka AcArya unake isa zratakA Azraya lekara apane vibhinna-viSayaka granthoMkI racanA karate haiN| aura unake isI jinopadezako jana-jana taka pahu~cAnekA prazasta prayAsa karate haiN| tathA kSetrIya bhASAoMmeM bhI use grathita karate haiN| upalabdha-zruta RSabhadevakA zruta ajita taka, ajitakA zruta zambhava taka aura zambhavakA abhinandana taka, isa taraha pUrva tIrthaMkarakA zruta uttaravarto agale tIrthakara taka rhaa| teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvakA dvAdazAGga zruta taba taka rahA, jaba taka mahAvIra tIrthakara (dharmopadeSTA) nahIM hue| Aja jo AMzika dvAdazAGgazrata upalabdha hai vaha aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIrase sambaddha hai| anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroMkA zruta lekhabaddha na hone tathA smRtidhArakoMke na rahanese naSTa ho cukA hai| vardhamAna mahAvIrakA dvAdazAGgazruta bhI pUrA upalabdha nahIM hai / ArambhameM vaha AcAryaziSya-paramparAmeM smRtike AdhArapara vidyamAna rhaa| uttarakAlameM smRtidhArakoMkI smRti maMda par3a jAnepara use nibaddha kiyA gyaa| digambara paramparAke anusAra vartamAnameM jo zruta upalabdha hai vaha bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAdakA kucha aMza hai, jo dharasenAcAryako AcArya paramparAse prApta thA aura jise unake ziSya bhUtabali aura puSpadaMtane unase prAptakara lekhabaddha kiyaa| zeSa gyAraha aMga aura bArahaveM aMgakA bahubhAga naSTa ho cukA hai| zvetAmbara paramparAke anusAra devadhi gaNIke nAyakatvameM huI tIsarI balabhI vAcanAmeM saGkalita gyAraha aMga maujUda haiM, jinheM digambara paramparAmeM mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA / zvetAmbara paramparA dRSTivAdakA viccheda svIkAra karatI hai| Aja Avazyaka hai ki donoM paramparAoMke avazeSa zrutakA adhyayana kiyA jAye aura mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa nikAle jA~e /
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________________ 4 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha dharma, darzana aura nyAya ukta zra tameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane dharma, darzana aura nyAya ina tInoMmeM bheda karate hue batAyA ki mukhyatayA AcArakA nAma dharma hai| dharmakA jinavicAroM dvArA samarthana kiyA jAe ve vicAra darzana hai| aura dharmake sampoSaNake lie prastuta vicAroMko yukti-pratyukti, khaNDana-maNDana, prazna-uttara evaM zaMkA-samAdhAna pUrvaka dRr3ha karanA nyAya hai| usI ko pramANazAstra bhI kahate hai| inheM eka udAharaNa dvArA yoM samajheM / ahiMsAkA pAlana karo, kisI jIvakI hiMsA na karo, satya bolo, asatya mata bolo Adi vidhi aura pratiSedha rUpa AcArakA nAma dharma hai / jaba isameM "kyoM"kA savAla uThatA hai to usake uttarameM kahA jAtA hai ki ahiMsAkA pAlana karanA jIvoMkA kartavya hai aura isase sukha milatA hai| kintu jIvoMkI hiMsA karanA akartavya hai aura usase duHkha milatA hai| isI taraha satya bolanA kartavya hai, aura usase nyAyakI pratiSThA hotI hai| kintu asatya bolanA akartavya hai aura usase anyAyako bala milatA hai| isa prakArake vicAra darzana kahe jAte haiM / aura jaba ina vicAroMko dRr3ha karane ke lie yoM kahA jAtA hai ki dayA karanA jIvakA svabhAva hai, yadi use svabhAva na mAnA jAe to koI bhI jIva jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| saba sabake bhakSaka yA ghAtaka ho jAyeMge / parivArameM, dezameM aura vizvake rASTroMmeM anavarata hiMsA rahanepara zAnti aura sukha kabhI upalabdha nahIM ho skeNge| isI taraha satya bolanA manuSyakA svabhAva na ho to parasparameM avizvAsa chA jAyegA aura lena-dena Adike sAre lokavyavahAra lupta ho jaayeNge| isa taraha dharmake samarthanameM prastuta vicArarUpa darzanako dRr3ha karanA nyAya hai / tAtparya yaha ki dharma jahA~ sadAcArake vidhAna aura asadAcArake niSedharUpa hai vahA~ darzana unameM kartavya-akartavya aura sukhaduHkhakA viveka jAgRta karatA hai / tathA nyAya darzanake rUpameM prastuta vicAroMko hetupUrvaka mastiSkameM biThA detA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizvameM ina tInoMpara pRthaka-pRthaka zAstroMkI racanA huI hai| bhAratameM bhI jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sabhIne dharmazAstra, darzanazAstra aura nyAyazAstrakA pratipAdana kiyA hai / tathA unheM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainanyAyakA udaya aura vikAsa jainazra take bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAdameM tIna sau tiresaTha matoMkI vivecanA kI gaI hai| jainadarzana aura jainanyAyake boja bhI isameM pracura mAtrAmeM milate haiM / AcArya bhatabali aura puSpadaMta dvArA nibaddha SaTkhaNDAgamameM "siyApajjattA", "siyA apajjattA", "maNusa apajjatA davvapamANeNa kevaDiyA", "asaMkhejjA' jaise "siyA" ( syAt ) zabda aura praznottara zailIko lie hue vAkya upalabdha haiN| kundakundane paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra Adi ArSa granthoMmeM unake kucha aura adhika bIja diye haiN| "siya atthi patthi uhayaM" Adi unake vAkya udAhRta kiye jA sakate haiN| zvetAmbara AgamoMmeM bhI jainadarzana aura jaina nyAyake bIja bahalatayA pAye jAte haiN| unameM aneka jagaha se keNachaiNaM bhaMte evamuccaI jIvANaM, bhaMte, kiM sAsayA asAsayA ? gAyamA! jovA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA? goyamA daviThThayAe sAsayA bhAvayAe asaasyaa|' jaise tarka garbhita praznottara prApta hote haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki 'siyA' yA 'siya' prAkRta zabda haiM, jo saMskRtake 'syAt' zabdake paryAyavAco haiM / aura 'kathaMcit' arthake bodhaka hai / isase prakaTa hai ki syAdvAdadarzana aura syAdvAdanyAya ArSagranthoMmeM bhI prApta hai| jaina manISI yazovijayane likhA hai ki 'syAdvAdArtho dRSTivAdArNavotthaH' arthAt syAdvAda ( jainadarzana aura nyAya ) dRSTivAda rUpa arNavase utpanna hue haiN| yathArthataH syAdvAda darzana aura syAdvAda nyAya hI jainadarzana aura jaina nyAya hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne sabhI tIrthaMkaroMko
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________________ 5 / jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 5 'syAdvAdI' kahakara unake upadezako syAdvAda rUpa kahA hai| akalaMkadeva to yoM kahate haiM ki RSabhase lekara mahAvIra paryanta sabhI tIrthaMkara syAdvAdI-syAdvAdake upadezaka haiN| yathA RSabhAdimahAvIrAntebhyaH svAtmopalabdhaye / dharmatIrthakarebhyo'stu, syAdvAdibhyo namo namaH ||-lghiiy0 1 samantabhadra, akalaMka, yazovijaya Adi manISiyoMke sivAya siddhasena, vidyAnaMda jaise vizruta dArzanikoM evaM tAkikoMne bhI syAdvAdadarzana aura syAdvAdanyAyako jainadarzana aura jainanyAya pratipAdita kiyA hai| tathA unakI utpatti dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMgase batalAI hai| aba hama inake vikAsapara vicAra kreNge| kAlakI daSTise unake vikAsako tIna kAlakhaNDoMmeM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| aura una kAlakhaNDoMke nAma nimna prakAra rakhe jA sakate haiM 1-AdikAla athavA samantabhadrakAla (I0 200 se I0 650 ) / 2-madhyakAla athavA akalaMkakAla (I0650 se I0 1050) / 3-aMtakAla athavA prabhAcandrakAla (I01050 se 1700) / 1. AdikAla athavA samantabhadrakAla jainadarzana evaM jainanyAyake vikAsa kA Arambha yoM to AcArya kundakundase upalabdha hone lagatA hai| unake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra Adi prAkRta granthoMmeM darzana evaM nyAyakI carcA prApta hai / zvetAmbara paramparAmeM prasiddha "bhagavatIsUtra" ( 5 / 3 / 191-192) sthAnAMgasUtra ( 298) AdimeMbhI darzanakI sAmAnya carcA upalabdha hai / A0 gRddha picchake tattvArthasUtrameM, jo jaina saMskRta-vAGmayakA Adya sUtra grantha hai, siddhAntake sAtha darzana aura nyAyakI bhI prarUpaNA milatI hai| kintu A0 samantabhadrasvAmIne usa Arambhako Age bar3hAyA aura bahuta spaSTa kiyA hai / unakI upalabdha 5 kRtiyoMmeM cAra (4) kRtiyA~ haiM to tIrthaMkaroMke stavanarUpameM, para unameM darzana aura nyAyake pracura upAdAna milate haiM, jo prAyaH unase pUrva aprApya haiN| unhoMne inameM ekAntavAdoM kI dRr3hatAse samIkSA karake anekAMta aura syAdvAdakI prasthApanA kI hai| unakI ve cAra kRtiyA~ ye haiM-(1) 'AptamImAMsA' apara nAma 'devAgama', (2) 'yuktyanuzAsana', (3) 'svayambhU' aura (4) 'jinshtk'| inameM unhoMne syAdvAda, saptabhaMganaya aura anekAntakA sundara evaM praur3ha saMskRtameM pratipAdana kiyA hai, jo usa prAcIna jaina saMskRtavAGmayameM pahalI bAra milatA hai / pratIta hotA hai ki samantabhadrane bhAratIya dArzanika evaM tArkika kSetrameM jainadarzana aura jaina nyAyake yuga pravartakakA kArya kiyA hai / unase pUrva jaina saMskRtike prANabhUta syAdvAdako prAyaH AgamarUpa hI prApta thaa| aura usakA Agamika viSayoM ke nirUpaNameM hI upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / jaisA ki hama pahale 'siyA', 'siya' ke sandarbha meM dekha Ae haiN| usake samarthanameM yuktivAdakI AvazyakatA bahuta kama samajhI jAtI thii| parantu samantabhadrake kAlameM usakI vizeSa AvazyakatA bar3ha gaI, kyoMki I0 2rI-3rI zatAbdIkA samaya bhArata varSake dArzanika itihAsameM apUrva krAMtikA mAnA jAtA hai| isa samaya vibhinna darzanoMmeM aneka prabhAvazAlI dArzanika hae haiN| yadyapi vaidika paramparA vaizeSika, mImAMsA, nyAya, vedAnta, sAMkhya Adi aneka zAkhAoM meM vibhakta thI aura unameM bhI paraspara khaNDana-maNDana, AlocanapratyAlocana calatA thaa| kintu zramaNoM aura zramaNa siddhAntoM ke viruddha saba eka the / aura sabhI apane siddhAntoMkA AdhAra prAyaH vedako mAnate the / aise samayameM IzvarakRSNa, vindhyavAsI, vAtsyAyana, asaMga, vasubandhu Adi vidvAna donoM paramparAoMmeM AvirbhUta hue / aura unhoMne svapakSake samarthana evaM parapakSake
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________________ 6 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha khaNDanake lie aneka zAstroMkI racanA kI / isa taraha vaha samaya sabhI darzanoMkA akhAr3A bana gayA thaa| sabhI dArzanika eka dUsareko parAsta karane meM lage the| isa sabakA AbhAsa usa kAlameM race evaM upalabdha dArzanika sAhitya se hotA hai| isI samaya jaina paramparAmeM dakSiNa bhAratameM mahAmanISI samantabhadrakA udaya huA, jo unakI upalabdha kRtioMse pratibhAzAlI aura tejasvI pANDityase yukta pratIta hote haiN| unhoMne ukta dArzanikoMke saMgharSako dekhA aura anubhava kiyA ki parasparameM ekAntoMke Agrahase vAstavika tattva lupta ho rahA hai| sabhI dArzanika apane-apane pakSAgrahake anusAra tattvakA pratipAdana karate haiM / koI tattvako mAtra bhAva ( astitva ) rUpa, koI abhAva ( nAstitva ) rUpa, koI advaita ( eka ) rUpa, koI dvaita ( aneka ) rUpa, koI zAzvatarUpa koI azAzvatarUpa, koI pRthak ( bheda) rUpa, koI apRthak ( abheda ) rUpa mAna rahA hai, jo tattva ( vastu ) kA eka-eka aMza hai, samagra rUpa nahIM / isa sabakI jhalaka unakI 'AptamImAMsA' meM milatI hai| usameM unhoMne ina sabhI ekAnta mAnyatAoMko prastuta kara unakA samanvaya kiyA hai isakA vistRta vivecana unake granthoMse kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi zramaNa aura zramaNetaroMke vAdoMkI carcA dRSTivAdameM upalabdha hai / kintu samantabhadrake kAlameM vaha ubharakara adhika aaii| samantabhadrane kisIke pakSako mithyA batalAkara tiraskRta nahIM kiyA, apitu unheM vastukA apanA eka-eka aMza ( dharma ) batalAyA / vaktA jisa dharmakI vivakSA karegA vaha mukhya ho jAyegA aura zeSa dharma gauNa / isa taraha samantabhadrane vastuko anaMtadharmA siddha karake syAdvAdake dvArA samasta vivAdoMko zamita kiyaa| isake sivAya pracalita ekAntavAdoMkA syAdvAdanyAya dvArA apanI kRtiyoMmeM hI samanvaya nahIM kiyA, apitu bhAratake pUrva, pazcima, dakSiNa aura uttarake sabhI dezoM va nagaroMmeM padayAtrA karake vA zAstrArtha bhI kie| aura unake ekAntoMko syAdvAdanyAyase samAhita kiyaa| udAharaNake lie zravaNabelagolA (karnATaka) kA eka zilAlekha na0 54 yahA~ de rahe haiM : pUrvaM pATaliputramadhyanagare bherI mayA tADitA, pazcAnmAlava-sindhu-Thakka viSaye kA~cIpure vaidize / prApto'haM karahATakaM bahubhaTa vidyotkaTaM saMkaTa, vAdArthI vicarAmyahaM narapate zArdUlavikrIDitam / / isa padyameM samantabhadrane spaSTa kahA hai ki "he rAjan ! maiMne pahale pATaliputra ( paTanA ) nagarameM vAdake lie bherI bajAI aura vahA~ke vAdioMke sAtha vAda kiyaa| usake pazcAt mAlava, sindha, Thakka (paMjAba), kAMcIpara aura baidiza ( vidizA ) meM vAdioMko vAdake lie AhUta kiyA aura aba karahATa meM vidyAbhimAnI vAdioMko siMhakI taraha lalakArA hai|" samantabhadra vAdA ke atirikta eka anya prasaMgameM kisI rAja sabhAmeM apanA paricaya bhI dete haiM : AcAryo'haM kavirahamahaM vAdirAT paMDito'haM, daivajJo'haM bhiSagahamahaM mAntrikastAMtriko'haM / rAjannasyAM jaladhivalayAmekhalAyAbhilAyA mAjJAsiddhaH kimiti bahunA siddhasArasvato'haM / / isameM kahA hai ki "he rAjan ! maiM AcArya hU~, maiM kavi hU~, maiM vAdirAT hU~, maiM paMDita hU~, maiM daivajJa hU~, maiM bhiSaga hU~, maiM mAntrika hU~, maiM tAntrika hU~ aura to kyA maiM isa samudravalayA pRthvI para AjJAsiddha hU~, jo Adeza dUM vahI hotA hai / tathA siddhasArasvata hU~-sarasvatI mujhe siddha hai|"
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________________ 5 / jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 7 samantabhadra ne ekAntavAdoMko tor3A nahIM, jor3A hai| aura vastuko anekAMta svarUpa siddha kiyA hai| sAtha hI syAdvAdanyAyake aneka aMgoMkA praNayana kiyaa| jaise pramANakA lakSaNa, pramANake bheda, pramANakA viSaya, pramANake phalakI vyavasthA, naya lakSaNa, hetulakSaNa, saptabhaMgIkA samasta vastuoMmeM saMyojana, anekAMtameM bhI anekAnta, vastukA svarUpa, syAdvAda nyAyakI samyasiddhi, sarvajJakI siddhi Adi / isIse yaha kAla jainadarzana aura jainanyAyake vikAsakA AdikAla hai| aura isa kAlako samantabhadrakAla kahA jA sakatA hai| nissandeha jainadarzana aura jainanyAyake lie kiyA gayA unakA yaha mahAprayAsa hai| samantabhadrake isa kAryako unake uttaravartI zrIdatta, pUjyapAda-devanaMdi, siddhasena, mallavAdI, sumati, pAtrasvAmI Adi jaina dArzanikoM evaM tAkikoMne apanI mahattvapUrNa racanAoM dvArA agrasArita kiyaa| zrIdattane, jo tiresaTha vAdiyoMke vijetA the, jalpanirNaya, pUjyapAda-devanaMdine sArasaMgraha evaM sarvArthasiddhi, siddhasenane sanmatisUtra, mallavAdIne dvAdazAranayacakra, sumatidevane sanmatiTIkA aura pAtrasvAmIne trilakSaNakadarzana jaisI tArkika kRtiyoMko racA hai / durbhAgyase jalpanirNaya, sArasaMgraha, sanmatiTIkA aura vilakSaNakadarzana Aja upalabdha nahIM haiM, kevala unake tarka granthoM tathA zilAlekhoMmeM ullekha pAye jAte haiM / siddhasenakA sanmatisUtra, pUjyapAdakI sarvArthasiddhi aura mallavAdIkA dvAdazAranayacakra upalabdha hai; jo samantabhadrakI kRtiyoMke AbhArI haiN| isa kAlameM aura bhI darzana evaM nyAyake grantha race gae hoMge, jo Aja hameM upalabdha nahIM haiN| bauddha, vaidika aura jaina zAstrabhaNDAroMkA abhI pUrI taraha anveSaNa nahIM huA, anveSaNa honepara sambhava hai ki unameM koI grantha upalabdha ho jaae| pahale akalaMkakA 'siddhi-vinizcaya' aura 'pramANasaMgraha' azruta the / aba ve eka zvetAmbara zAstra bhaNDArameM prApta ho gaye aura unakA bhAratIya jJAnapIThase prakAzana bhI ho cukA hai| bauddha dArzanika zAntarakSita ( I0 7vIM-8vIM zatI ) aura unake sAkSAt ziSya kamalazIlane tattvasaMgraha evaM usakI TIkAmeM jaina tAkikoMke nAmollekha athavA binA nAmollekhake kaI jaina tarkagranthoMke uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiM aura unakI AlocanA kI hai| parantu ve grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki isa AdikAla athavA samantabhadrakAlameM jainadarzana aura jainanyAyakI eka yogya aura uttama bhUmikA bana cukI thii| 2. madhyakAla athavA akalaMkakAla yaha kAla IsavI san 650 se IsavI san 1050 taka mAnA jAnA cAhie / samantabhadra dvArA nirmita jainanyAyako ukta bhUmikApara isa ( jainadarzana aura jainanyAya ) kA uttuGga evaM sarvAMpUrNa mahAn prAsAda jisa kuzala evaM tIkSNabuddhi tArkika-zilpIne khar3A kiyA vaha hai sUkSmaprajJa 'akalaMkadeva' / akalaMkadevake kAlameM bhI baliSTha dArzanika muThabher3a thI / eka ora zabdAdvaitavAdI bhattRhari, prasiddha mImAMsaka kumArila, nyAya-niSNAta naiyAyika udyotakara Adi vaidika vidvAn jahA~ apane-apane pakSoMpara ArUr3ha the, vahIM dUsarI ora dharmakIrti, unake tarkapaTu ziSya evaM samarthaka vyAkhyAkAra prajJAkara, dharmottara, karNa kagomi jaise bauddha manISI bhI apanI mAnyatAoMpara Agrahabaddha the| zAstrArthoM aura zAstroMke nirmANakI parAkASThA thii| pratyeka dArzanikakA prayatna thA ki jisa kisI taraha vaha apane pakSako siddha kare aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa kara apanI vijaya prApta kare / isake atirikta parapakSa asad prakAroMse tiraskRta evaM parAjita kiyA jAtA thaa| virodhIko 'paza', 'ahrIka', 'jar3amati' jaise abhadra zabdoMkA prayoga to sAmAnya thaa| yaha kAla jahA~ tarkake vikAsakA madhyAhna mAnA jAtA hai vahA~ isa kAlameM darzana aura nyAyakA bar3A upahAsa bhI huA hai| tattvake saMrakSaNake lie chala, jAti, nigrahasthAna jaise asat sAdhanoMkA khulakara prayoga karanA aura unheM svapakSa siddhikA sAdhana evaM
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________________ 8:DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha zAstrArthakA aMga mAnanA isa kAlakI dena bana gaI thii| kSaNikavAda, nairAtmyavAda, zanyavAda, zabdAdvaita, brahmAdvaita, vijJAnAdvaita Adi vAdoMkA purajora samarthana isa kAlameM dhar3alle se kiyA gayA aura kaTTaratAse vipakSakA nirAsa kiyA gyaa| isa dArzanika evaM tArkika saMgharSake kAlameM sUkSmadRSTi akalaMkakA prAdurbhAva huaa| unhoMne isa samagra sthitikA adhyayana kiyA tathA sabhI darzanoMkA gaharA evaM sUkSma cintana kiyA, unheM pracchannavezameM tatkAlIna zikSAkendroM, yathA kAJcI, nAlandA Adi vizvavidyAlayoMmeM adhyayana karanA pdd'aa| samantabhadrane jo syAdvAda, anekAMtavAda aura saptabhaMgIkA pratipAdana kiyA thA, use ThIka taraha se na samajhaneke kAraNa dignAga, dharmakIrti Adi bauddha vidvAnoM tathA udyotakara, kumArila Adi vaidika manISiyoMne khaNDana karanekA prayatna kiyaa| akalaMkane usakA uttara deneke lie do apUrva kArya kie / eka to syAdvAda aura anekAMtapara kiye gaye AkSepoMkA sabala javAba diyaa| dUsarA kArya jainadarzana aura jainanyAyake cAra mahattvapUrNa granyoMkA praNayana kiyA, jinameM unhoMne na kevala anekAMta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgIpara kiye gaye AkSepoMkA uttara diyA, apitu una sabhI ekAntapakSoMmeM dUSaNa bhI pradarzita kiye / unake ve donoM kArya hama yahA~ saMkSepameM denekA prayatna kreNge| dUSaNoddhAra AptamImAMsAmeM samantabhadrane arhantakI sarvajJatA aura unake upadeza (syAdvAda ) kI sahetuka siddhi kI hai| donoM meM sAkSAt (pratyakSa ) aura asAkSAt (parokSa ) kA bheda batalAte hue donoMko sarvatattvaprakAzaka kahA hai / unameM itanA hI aMtara hai ki arhanta vaktA haiM aura syAdvAda unakA vacana hai| yadi vaktA pramANa hai to usakA vacana bhI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| AptamImAMsAmeM arhantako yuktipurassara Apta siddha kiyA gayA hai aura unakA upadeza syAdvAda bhI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| mImAMsaka kumArilako yaha sahya nahIM huA, kyoMki ve kisI puruSako sarvajJa svIkAra nahIM karate, tathA vedako apauruSeya mAnate haiM / ataeva kumArila 'ahaMta kI sarvajJatApara Apatti karate hue kahate haiM evaM yaiH kevljnyaanmindriyaadynpekssinnH| sUkSmAtItAdiviSayaM jIvasya parikalpitam / / narte tadAgamAlsiddhayenna ca tenAgamo vinaa| yahAM kahA gayA hai ki jo sUkSma, atIta Adi viSayoMkA atIndriya kevalajJAna puruSake mAnA jAtA hai vaha Agamake binA siddha nahIM hotA aura Agama usake binA sambhava nhiiN| isa prakAra donoMmeM anyonyAzraya doSa honese na arhat sarvajJa ho sakatA hai aura na unakA upadeza ( syAdvAda ) hI siddha ho sakatA hai / yaha arhatkI sarvajJatA aura unake syAdvAda rUpa upadezapara kumArilakA eka sAtha AkSepa hai| akalaMkane isa AkSepakA uttara sabalatAke sAtha isa prakAra diyA hai evaM yatkevalajJAnamanumAnavijRmbhitam / narte tadAgamAt siddhayenna ca tena vinA''gamaH / / satyamarthabalAdeva puruSAtizayo mataH / prabhavaH pauruSeyo'sya prabandho'nAdiriSyate // "yaha saca hai ki anumAna dvArA siddha kevalajJAna ( sarvajJatA ) Agamake binA aura Agama kevalajJAna
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________________ 5/ jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 9 ke binA siddha nahIM hotA tathApi unameM anyonyAzraya doSa nahIM hai kyoMki puruSAtizaya ( kevalajJAna) ko arthavaza (pratItivaza ) mAnA jAtA hai| donoMmeM bIjAMkurake pravAhakI taraha anAdi pravAha mAnA gayA hai / ataeva arhatkI sarvajJatA aura unakA upadeza ( syAdvAda ) donoM hI yuktisiddha haiN|" pAThaka, yahA~ dekheM ki samantabhadrane jo anumAnase AptamImAMsA kArikA 5, 6, 7 meM sarvajJatAkI siddhi kI hai aura jisakA samAlocana kumArilane ukta prakArase kiyA hai, akalaMkadevane usIkA yahA~ vizadatAke sAtha sahetuka uttara diyA hai / tathA sarvajJatA ( kevalajJAna ) aura Agama ( syAdvAda ) donoMmeM bIjAMkurasaMtatikI taraha anAdipravAha batalAyA hai| bauddha tArkika dharmakIrtine syAdvAdapara nimna prakArase prahAra kiyA hai etenaiva yatkicidayuktamazlIlamAkulam / pralapanti pratikSiptaM tadapyekAntasambhavAt / / "dharmakIrti kahate haiM ki kapilamatake khaNDanase hI jainadarzanakA, jo ayukta, azlIla aura AkularUpa 'kiMcit' ( syAt ) kA pralApa hai vaha khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki unakA kathana bhI ekAntarUpa sambhava hai|" yahA~ dharmakIrtine samantabhadrake "sarvathA ( ekAMta) ke tyAgapUrvaka kiMcitke vidhAnarUpa syAdvAda (A0 mI0 104)" kA khaNDana kiyA hai| isa khaNDanameM "tadapyekAntasambhavAt" padakA prayoga karake unhoMne samantabhadra dvArA pratipAdita syAdvAda lakSaNakI mImAMsA kI bhI hai| isakA bhI uttara akalaMkadevane maya vyAjake nimna prakAra diyA hai jJAtvA vijJaptimAtraM paramapi ca bahirbhAsibhAvapravAdam, cakre lokAnurodhAt punarapi sakalaM neti tattvaM prapede / na jJAtA tasya tasmin na ca phalamaparaM jJAyatenApi kiMcita, ityazlIlaM pramattaH pralapati jar3adhIrAkulaH vyAkulAptaH // -nyAyavinizcaya kA0 170 'koI bauddha vijJaptimAtra tattvako mAnate haiM, koI bAhyapadArthake sadbhAvako svIkAra karate haiM, koI donoMko lokAnusAra aMgIkAra karate haiM aura koI kahate hai ki na bAhyatattva hai, na AbhyaMtara tattva, tathA na unako jAnanevAlA hai| aura na koI usakA phala hai| aisA parasparaviruddha ve pralApa karate haiN| aise logoMko azlIla, unmatta, jar3abuddhi aura Akula kahA jAnA caahie|' dharmakIrti kevala syAdvAdapara AkSepa karake hI mauna nahIM rahe, kintu 'syAdvAda'ke vAcya 'anekAMta'ke khaNDanapara bhI unhoMne kalama calAI hai| yathA sarvasyobhayarUpatve tdvishessniraakRteH| codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTaM nAbhidhAvati / / -pra0 vA0 1-183 'yadi saba padArtha ubhayarUpa ( anekAntAtmaka ) hai to unameM kucha bheda na hone ke kAraNa kisIko 'dahI khA' kahanepara vaha U~Tako khAneke lie kyoM nahIM daur3atA? yahA~ dharmakIrtine jisa upahAsa evaM vyaMgyake sAtha samantabhadra dvArA pratipAdita syAdvAdake vAcya anekAntakI khillI ur3AI hai, akalaMkadevane bhI usI upahAsake sAtha dharmakIrtiko uttara diyA hai / yathA
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________________ 10 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha / dadhyuSTrAderabhedatvaprasaMgAdekacodanam pUrvapakSa mavijJAya duSakopi vidUSakaH // sugato'pi mRgo jAto mRgo'pi sugataH smRtaH / tathApi sugato vandyo mRgaH khAdyo yatheSyate / vastubalAdeva bhedAbhedavyavasthiteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTramabhidhAvati // tathA -nyA0 vi0 372, 373, 374 / '' " dahI aura U~Tako eka batalAkara doSa denA dharmakIrtikA pUrvapakSa ( anekAnta ) ko na samajhanA hai dUSaka ( dUSaNa pradarzaka ) hokara bhI vidUSaka - dUSaka nahIM, upahAsake hI pAtra haiM, kyoMki sugata bhI pUrva paryAya meM mRga the aura vaha mRga bhI sugata huA, phira bhI sugata vaMdanIya evaM mRga bhakSaNIya kahA gayA isa taraha sugata evaM mRgameM paryAya bhedase jisa kAra kramazaH vaMdanIya evaM bhakSaNIyakA bheda tathA eka cittasaMtAnakI apekSAse unameM abhedakI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra vastu bala ( pratItivaza ) se sabhI padArthoMmeM bheda aura abheda donoMkI vyavasthA hai / ataH kisIko 'dahI khA' kahane para vaha U~Tako khAneke lie kyoM daur3egA, kyoMki satsAmAnyakI apekSAse unameM abheda honepara bhI paryAya ( pRthaka-pRthaka pratyayake viSaya kI apekSAse unameM spaSTatayA bheda hai| saMjJA bheda bhI hai| ekakA nAma dahI hai aura dUsarekA nAma U~Ta hai, taba jise dahI khAneko kahA vaha dahI hI khAyegA, U~Tako nahIM, kyoMki dahI bhakSaNIya hai, U~Ta bhakSaNIya nahIM / jaise sugata vaMdanIya evaM mRga bhakSaNIya haiN| yahI vastuvyavasthA hai / bhedAbheda ( anekAnta ) to vastukA svarUpa hai / usakA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA" / yahA~ akalaMkane dharmakIrtike AkSepakA zAlIna kintu upahAsa pUrvaka, cubhane vAlA karArA uttara diyA hai / yaha vidita hai ki bauddha paramparAmeM AptarUpase mAnya sugata pUrva janmameM mRga the, usa samaya ve mAMsa bhakSiyoMke bhakSya the, kintu jaba vahI pUrva paryAyakA mRga marakara sugata huA, to vaha vaMdanIya ho gayA / isa prakAra eka cittasaMtAnakI apekSA unameM abheda hai / aura mRga tathA sugata ina do pUrvApara paryAyoMkI apekSA se unameM bheda hai / isa prakAra jagatakI pratyeka vastu pratyakSadRSTa bhedAbhedako lie hue hai| aura yahI anekAnta hai, koI vastu isa anekAntakI avahelanA nahIM kara sakatI / isa taraha akalaMkadevane vibhinna vAdiyoM dvArA syAdvAda aura anekAntapara kiye gaye AkSepoM kA sayuktika parihAra kiyA / nava nirmANa akalaMkadevakA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa kArya navanirmANa hai| jainanyAyake jina Avazyaka tattvoMkA vikAsa aura pratiSThA aba taka nahIM pAyI thI, usakI unhoMne pratiSThA kI / isake hetu unhoMne jainanyAyake nimna cAra mahattvapUrNa granthoMkI racanA kI-- 1 - nyAyavinizcaya ( svopajJavRtti sahita ), 2 - siddhivinizcaya ( svopajJavRtti sahita ), 3 - pramANa saMgraha ( svopajJavRtti sahita ), 4-laghIyastraya ( svopajJa vRtti samanvita ) /
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________________ 5 / jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 11 bauddha paramparAmeM jisa prakAra dharmakIrtine bauddhadarzana aura bauddhanyAyako pramANavArtika, pramANavinizcaya jaise kArikAtmaka granthoMkA nirmANakara nibaddha kiyA hai usI prakAra akalaMkadevane bhI jainadarzana aura jainanyAyako ina cAra kArikAtmaka granthoM dvArA nibaddha kiyA hai / nyAyavinizcaya meM 430, siddhi-vinizcayameM 367, pramANasagrahameM 87 aura laghIyastrayameM 78 kArikAyeM haiN| cAroM granthoMkI kula kArikAyeM 962 haiM / pratyeka kArikA sUtrAtmaka, bahvarthagarbha aura gambhIra hai| cAroM grantha atyanta kliSTa, duravagAha aura durUha hai| cAroM para unakI svopajJavRttiyA~ haiM, ye vRttiyA~ bhI atyanta kaThina hai| harSakI bAta hai ki ina cAroM para vaiduSyapUrNa vyAkhyAe~ bhI likhI gaI hai| nyAyavinizcaya para syAdvAdavidyApati vAdirAja ( I0 1025 ) ne nyAyavinizcayAlaMkAra apara nAma nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, siddhivinizcaya para tArkika ziromaNi bRhadanantavIrya (I0 850) ne siddhivinizcayAlaMkAra tathA inhoMne hI pramANasaMgraha para pramANasaMgrahabhASya aura AcArya mANikyanaMdi (I0 1028 ) ke ziSya AcArya prabhAcandra (1043 ) ne laghIyastraya para laghIyastrayAlaMkAra apara nAma nyAyakUmadacandra nAmakI vistRta evaM praur3ha TIkAyeM likhI hai| inameM pramANasaMgrahabhASya anupalabdha hai / zeSa tInoM TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM, aura apane mUlake sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillIse prakAzita hai / ina tInoMkA suyogya sampAdana sva. paM0 mahendra kumAra jI nyAyAcArya ne kiyA hai / pramANasaMgrahabhASyakA ullekha svayaM anantavIrya ne apane siddhi vinizcayAlaMkArameM aneka sthaloM para vistRta jAnaneke lie kiyA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki pramANasaMgrahabhASya bhI eka vistRta TIkA grantha rahA hai| akalaMkadevane ina cAroM tarkagranthoMmeM anya tAkikoMkI ekAntamAnyatAoMkI kar3I tathA marmaspazI samIkSA kI hai / jainadarzanameM mAnya pramANa, naya aura nikSepake svarUpa, unake bheda, viSaya tathA pramANaphalakA vivecana vizadatayA kiyA hai| isake atirikta pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika aura mukhya ina do prakAroMkI pratiSThA, parokSa-pramANake smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ina pAMca bhedoMkA nirdhAraNa, unakI sayuktika siddhi, unake lakSaNoM kA praNayana tathA inhIM parokSabhedoMmeM upamAna, arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva Adi anya tAkikoMke svIkRtapramANoMkA antarbhAva, sarvajJakI vividha yuktioMse vizeSa siddhi, anumAnake sAdhya-sAdhana aGgoMke lakSaNa aura bhedoMkA vistRta nirUpaNa, kAraNa hetu, pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara Adi anivArya naye hetuoMkI pratiSThA anyathAnupapattike abhAvase eka akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA svIkAra aura usake bhedarUpase asiddhAdi hetvAbhAsoMkA pratipAdana, vAdakA lakSaNa, jaya parAjaya-vyavasthA, dRSTAMta, dharmI, jAti aura nigrahasthAnake svarUpa AdikA kitanA hI nayA pratiSThApana karake jaina nyAyako akalaMka dekhane na kevala samRddha evaM paripuSTa kiyA, apitu unheM bhAratIya darzanoM evaM nyAyoMmeM pratiSThita evaM gauravapUrNa sthAna pradAna kiyA, jaisA bauddhadarzana aura bauddhanyAyako dharmakIrtine diyaa| ataH akalaMkako janadarzana aura jainanyAyake madhyakAlakA pratiSThApaka aura isa kAlako akalaMkakAla kahA jA sakatA hai| akalaMkake isa kAryako uttaravartI jaina dArzanikoM evaM jaina naiyAyikoMne gati pradAna kI, vIrasena, haribhadra, kumAranaMdi, vidyAnaMda, anaMtavIryaprathama, vAdIbhasiMha, vAdirAja, mANikyanaMdi Adi madhyayugIna jaina tAkikoMne unake kAryako nizcaya hI Age bar3hAyA aura use yazasvI evaM prabhAvapUrNa banAyA / akalaMkake gambhIra aura sUtrAtmaka nirUpaNa tathA cintanako ina tArkikoMne apane granthoMmeM supuSTa aura vistRta kiyA hai| vIrasenakI siddhAnta evaM tarka-bahalA dhavalA-jayadhavalA TIkAe~, haribhadra kI anekAntajayapatAkA, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, vAdanyAyavicakSaNa kumAranaMdikA vAdanyAya, vidyAnaMdake vidyAnaMdamahodaya, tattvArthazlokavArtika aura usakA bhASya, aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satya-zAsana parIkSA, yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra,
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________________ 12 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha anaMtavIrya prathamakI siddhivinizcaya TIkA va pramANasaMgrahabhASya, vAdirAjake nyAya-vinizcayavivaraNa evaM pramANanirNaya, vAdIbhasiMhakI syAdvAdasiddhi aura mANikyanaMdikA parIkSAmukha akalaMkake vAGmayase pUrNatayA prabhAvita evaM usake AbhArI tathA ullekhanIya tArkika racanAyeM haiM, jinheM madhyakAlakI mahattvapUrNa dena kahA jA sakatA hai| 3. antyakAla athavA prabhAcandrakAla yaha kAla jaina nyAyake vikAsakA aMtima kAla hai| isa kAlameM maulika granthoM ke nirmANakI kSamatA kama ho gaI aura vyAkhyA-granthoMkA nirmANa mukhya ho gyaa| yaha kAla tArkika granthoMke saphala aura prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyAkAra jaina tArkika prabhAcandrase Arambha hotA hai / unhoMne isa kAlameM apane pUrvaja jaina dArzanikoM evaM tAkikoMkA anugamana karate hue jaina nyAyake do granthoM para jo vizAlakAya vyAkhyAgrantha likhe haiM, ve atulanIya haiM / uttara kAlameM una jaise vyAkhyAgrantha nahIM likhe gaye / ataeva isa kAlako prabhAcandra kAla kahA jAya to atyukti nahIM hogii| prabhAcandrane akalaMkadevake laghIyastraya para laghIyastrayAlaMkAra apara nAma nyAyakumudacandra vyAkhyA grantha likhA hai| nyAyakumudacandra vastutaH nyAyarUpI kumudoMko vikasita karanevAlA candra hai| isameM prabhAcandrane akalaMka ke laghIyastrayakI kArikAoM aura usakI svopajJavRtti tathA unake duruha padavAkyAdikoMkI vizad evaM vistRta vyAkhyA to ko hI hai, kintu prasaMgopAtta vividha tArkika carcAoM dvArA aneka anudghATita tathyoM evaM viSayoM para bhI nayA prakAza DAlA hai| isI taraha unhoMne akalaMkake vAGamaya maMthanase prasUta mANikyana dike Adya jaina nyAyasUtra parIkSAmukha para jise laghu anaMtavIryane 'nyAyavidyAmata' kahA hai, parIkSAmukhAlakAra aparanAma prameyakamalamArtaNDa nAmakI prameyabahulA evaM tarkagarbhA vyAkhyA racI hai| isa vyAkhyAmeM bhI prabhAcandrane apanI tarkapUrNa pratibhAkA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| parIkSAmukhake pratyeka sUtrakA vistRta evaM vizada vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| isake sAtha hI aneka zaMkAoMkA sayaktika samAdhAna kiyA hai / manISiyoMko yaha vyAkhyAgrantha itanA priya hai ki ve jainadarzana aura jainanyAya sambandhI praznoMke samAdhAnake lie ise bar3I rucike sAtha par3hate haiM aura use pramANa mAnate haiN| vastutaH prabhAcandra ke ye donoM vyAkhyAgrantha mala jaise hI haiM, jo unakI amoghatarkaNA aura unake ujjvala yazako prasRta karate haiN| prabhAcandra ke kucha hI kAla bAda abhayadevane siddhasena prathamake sanmatisUtra para vistRta sanmatitarkaTIkA likhI hai / yaha TokA anekAMta aura syAdvAda para vizeSa prakAza DAlatI hai / devasUrikA syAdvAdaratnAkara aparanAma pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra TIkA bhI ullekhanIya hai / ye donoM vyAkhyAe~ prabhAcandrakI uparyakta vyAkhyAoMse prabhAvita evaM unakI AbhArI haiM / prabhAcandrakI tarka paddhati aura zailI ina donoMmeM parilakSita hai| ina vyAkhyAoke sivAya isa kAlama laghu anaMtavIyaMne parIkSAmukhapara madhyama parimANakI parIkSAmakhavRtti aparanAma prameyaratnamAlAkI racanA kI hai / yaha vRtti malasUtroM ke arthako to vyakta karatI hI hai, saSTikartA jaise vAdagrasta viSayoM para bhI acchA evaM vizada prakAza DAlatI hai| laghIyastraya para likhI abhayacandrakI tAtparyavRtti, hemacandrakI pramANamImAMsA, malliSeNakI syAdvAdamaMjarI, paNDita AzAdharakA prameyaratnAkara, bhAvasenakA vizvatattvaprakAza, ajitasenakI nyAyamaNidIpikA, abhinavadharmabhaSaNayatikI nyAyadIpikA, narendrasenakI pramANaprameyakalikA, vimaladAsako saptabhaGgItaraGgaNI, cArukIrti bhaTTArakakI arthaprakAzikA tathA prameyaratnAlaMkAra, yazovijayake aSTasahasrIvivaraNa, jaina tarkabhASA aura jJAna bindu isakAlakI ullekhanIya tArkika racanAe~ hai / aMtima tIna tArkikoMne apanI racanAoMmeM navyanyAyazailIko bhI apanAyA hai, jo bArahavIM
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________________ 5/ jaina nyAyavidyAkA vikAsa : 13 zatIke vidvAn galeza upAdhyAyase udbhata huA aura pichale tIna-cAra dazaka taka adhyayana, adhyApanameM vidyamAna rhaa| isake bAda jaina nyAyakA koI maulika yA vyAkhyAgrantha likhA gayA ho, yaha jJAta nahIM / phalataH uttarakAlameM jainanyAyakA pravAha avaruddha ho gayA / isa bIsavIM zatAbdImeM avazya katipaya jaina dArzanika evaM jaina naiyAyika hae, jo ullekhanIya hai / inhoMne prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA likhita jainadarzana aura jaina nyAyake granthoMkA na kevala adhyayana-adhyApana kiyA, apitu unakA rASTrabhASA hindImeM anuvAda evaM sampAdana bhI kiyA hai| sAthameM unakI anusaMdhAna pUrNa vistRta prastAvanAe~ bhI likhI haiM, jinameM grantha evaM granthakArake aitihAsika paricayake atirikta granthagata viSayoMkA bhI tulanAtmaka eva samIkSAtmaka Akalana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNake lie santa pravara nyAyAcArya zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI, nyAyAcArya paM. mANikyacaMda kaundeya, paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, DaoN0 paNDita mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA aura prastuta Alekhake lekhaka (DaoN0 paM0 darabArIlAla koThiyA) ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / varNIjIne aneka chAtroMko jainadarzana evaM nyAyameM prazikSita kiyA, zrI kaundeyane AcArya vidyAnaMdake tattvArthazlokavArtika bhASyakA sAta khaNDoMmeM hindI rUpAntara kiyA hai| zrI saMghavIne pramANamImAMsA, jJAnabindu, sanmatitarka, jainatarkabhASA Adi tarka granthoMkA vaiduSyapUrNa sampAdana va unakI prastAvanAyeM likhI hai| DaoN. paM0 mahendrakumArane nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, nyAyakumudacandra, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, akalaMkagranthatraya, tattvArthavArtika bhASya, tattvArthavRtti AdikA vidvattApUrNa sampAdana evaM unakI anusandhAnapUrNa prastAvanAyeM likhI hai| zrI mAlavaNiyAne "AgamayugakA jainadarzana" AdikA lekhana-sampAdana kiyA hai| DaoN0 koThiyAne nyAyadIpikA, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patra parIkSA, syAdvAdasiddhi, pramANaprameyakalikA, dravyasaMgraha Adi granthoMkA sampAdana evaM hindI anuvAda kiyA tathA unakI zodhapUrNa vistRta prastAvanAe~ unake sAtha nibaddha kI haiN| isake atirikta "jaina tarkazAstrameM anumAna vicAra, jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, jaina tattvajJAnamImAMsA Adi maulika racanAe~ bhI hindImeM prastuta kI haiN|" paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrIkA jainanyAya bhI ullekhanIya hai| isa prakAra jaina tAkikoMne apanI tArkika racanAoM dvArA jaina vAGmayake bhaNDArako samRddha kiyA hai| aura jaina nyAyakA ullekhanIya vikAsa kiyA /