Jain Dharm me Achelkatva aur Sachelkatva ka Prashna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_3_001686.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229144/1

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna nimrantha paramparA meM sacelakatva aura acelakatva kA prazna ati prAcIna kAla se hI vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| vartamAna meM jo zvetAmbara aura digambara sampradAya haiM, unake bIca bhI vivAda kA pramukha bindu yahI hai| pahale bhI isI vivAda ke kAraNa uttara bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha vibhAjita huA thA aura yApanIya sampradAya astitva meM AyA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM isI vivAda ke kAraNa jainoM meM vibhinna sampradAya arthAt zvetAmbara, digambara aura yApanIya nirmita hue haiN| yaha samasyA mUlata: muni-AcAra se hI sambandhita hai, kyoMki gRhastha upAsaka, upAsikAe~ aura sAdhviyA~ to tInoM hI sampradAyoM meM sacela (savastra) hI mAnI gaI haiN| muniyoM ke sambandha meM digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki mAtra acela ( nagna ) hI muni pada kA adhikArI hai| jisake pAsa vastra hai, cAhe vaha la~goTI mAtra hI kyoM na ho, vaha muni nahIM ho sakatA hai| isake viparIta zvetAmbaroM kA kahanA hai ki muni acela ( nagna ) hotA hai aura sacela ( savastra ) bhii| sAtha hI ve yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki vartamAna kAla kI paristhitiyA~ aisI haiM jisameM muni kA acela ( nagna ) rahanA ucita nahIM hai| ina donoM paramparAoM se bhinna yApanIyoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki acelatA hI zreSTha mArga hai, kintu ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM muni vastra rakha sakatA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ digambara paramparA ekAnta rUpa se acelakatva ko hI muni-mArga yA mokSa-mArga mAnatI hai, vahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA vartamAna meM jinakalpa ( acela-mArga ) kA uccheda dikhAkara sacelatA para hI bala detI hai| yApanIya paramparA kA dRSTikoNa ina donoM ativAdiyoM ke madhya samanvaya karatA hai| vaha mAnatA hai ki sAmAnyatayA to muni ko acela yA nagna hI rahanA cAhiye, kyoMki vastra bhI parigraha hI hai, kintu ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra rakhA jA sakatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM acelakatva ( nanatva ) utsarga mArga hai aura sacelakatva apavAda mArga hai| prastuta paricarcA meM sarvaprathama hama isa vivAda ko isake aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki yaha vivAda kyoM, kaise aura kina paristhitiyoM meM utpanna huA ?

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna prastuta adhyayana kI srota-sAmagrI isa prazna para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karane hetu hamAre pAsa jo prAcIna srota sAmagrI upalabdha hai, unameM prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama, pAlitripiTaka aura mathurA se prApta prAcIna jina-pratimAoM kI pAda-pITha para aMkita muni-pratimAe~ hI mukhya haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika hI aise grantha haiM jinheM isa carcA kA AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki prathama to ye prAcIna (I0 pU0 ke) haiM aura dUsare inameM hameM sampradAyAtIta dRSTikoNa upalabdha hotA hai| aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI inakI prAcInatA evaM sampradAya nirapekSatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| zaurasenI Agama sAhitya meM kasAyapAhaDa hI ekamAtra aisA grantha hai, jo apekSAkRta prAcIna stara kA hai, kintu durbhAgya se isameM vastra-pAtra sambandhI koI bhI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| zeSa zaurasenI Agama-granthoM meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mulAcAra aura SaTakhaNDAgama mUlata: yApanIya paramparA ke haiN| sAtha hI guNasthAna siddhAnta Adi kI paravartI avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ye grantha bhI vikrama kI chaThI zatI ke parva ke nahIM mAne jA sakate haiM, phira bhI prastuta carcA meM inakA upayoga isaliye Avazyaka hai ki acela pakSa ko prastuta karane ke liye inake atirikta anya koI prAcIna srota-sAmagrI hameM upalabdha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka kundakunda ke granthoM kA prazna hai, unameM suttapAhuDa evaM liMgapAhuDa ko chor3akara yaha carcA anyatra kahIM nahIM milatI hai| ye grantha bhI chaThI zatI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| durbhAgya yaha hai ki acela paramparA ke pAsa sacelakatva aura acelakatva kI isa paricarcA ke liye chaThI zatI ke pUrva kI koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka anya paramparAoM ke prAcIna srotoM kA prazna hai, vedoM meM nagna zramaNoM yA vrAtyoM ke ullekha to milate haiM, kintu ve spaSTata: nimrantha ( jaina ) paramparA ke haiM, yaha kahanA kaThina hai| yadyapi aneka hindU purANoM meM nagna jaina zramaNoM ke ullekha haiM, kintu adhikAMza hindU purANa to vikrama kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI yA usake bhI bAda ke haiM, ata: unameM upalabdha sAkSya adhika mahattva ke nahIM haiN| dUsare unameM savastra aura nirvastra donoM prakAra ke jaina muniyoM ke ullekha mila jAte haiM, ata: unheM isa paricarcA kA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se pAlitripiTaka ke ullekha adhika mahattvapUrNa haiM aura kisI sImA taka satya ke nikaTa bhI pratIta hote haiN| isa paricarcA ke hetu jo AdhArabhUta prAmANika sAmagrI hameM upalabdha hotI hai, vaha hai mathurA se upalabdha prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ aura unake abhilekh| prathama to yaha saba sAmagrI IsA kI prathama-dvitIya

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna zatAbdI kI hai| dUsare isameM kisI bhI prakAra ke prakSepa Adi kI sambhAvanA bhI nahIM hai| ataH yaha prAcIna bhI hai aura prAmANika bhI kyoMki isakI puSTi anya sAhityika srotoM se bhI ho jAtI hai| ataH isa paricarcA meM hamane sarvAdhika upayoga isI sAmagrI kA kiyA hai| 79 mahAvIra ke pUrva nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra kI sthiti jaina anuzruti ke anusAra isa avasarpiNI kAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva teIsa tIrthaGkara ho cuke the| ataH prathama vivecya bindu to yahI hai ki acelatA ke sambandha meM ina pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kI kyA mAnyatAe~ thIM ? yadyapi sampradAya bheda sthira ho jAne ke pazcAt nirmita granthoM meM jahA~ digambara grantha eka mata se yaha udghoSa karate haiM ki sabhI jina acela hokara hI dIkSita hote haiM, vahA~ zvetAmbara grantha yaha kahate haiM ki sabhI jina eka devadRSya vastra lekara hI dIkSita hote haiN| " merI dRSTi meM ye donoM hI dRSTikoNa sAmpradAyika abhiniveza se yukta haiN| zvetAmbara aura yApanIya paramparA ke apekSAkRta prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha milatA hai ki prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva aura antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI AcAravyavasthA madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI AcAra vyavasthA se bhinna thI / yApanIya grantha mUlAcAra pratikramaNa Adi ke sandarbha meM unakI isa bhinnatA kA to ullekha karatA hai kintu madhyavartI tIrthaGkara sacela dharma ke pratipAdaka the, yaha nahIM kahatA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara Agama uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha bhI ullekha hai ki antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra ne acela dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA, jabaki teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ne sacela dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa|" yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki bRhatkalpabhASya meM prathama aura antima tIrthaGkara ko acela dharma kA aura madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM ko sacela acela dharma kA pratipAdaka kahA gayA hai | " yadyapi uttarAdhyayana spaSTatayA pArzva ke dharma ko 'sacela' athavA sAntarottara ( saMtaruttara ) hI kahatA hai sacela acela nhiiN| 'madhyavartI tIrthaGkaroM ke zAsana meM bhI acela muni hote the', bRhatkalpabhASya kI yaha svIkArokti usakI sampradAya nirapekSatA kI hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi digambara aura yApanIya paramparA zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM ke ina kathanoM ko mAnya nahIM karate haiM, kintu hameM zvetAmbara AgamoM ke ina kathanoM meM satyatA parilakSita hotI hai, kyoMki anya aitihAsika srotoM se bhI ina kathanoM kI bahuta kucha puSTi ho jAtI hai| yahA~ hamArA uddezya sampradAyagata mAnyatAoM se Upara uThakara mAtra prAcIna aitihAsika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para hI isa samasyA para vicAra karanA hai| ataH isa paricarcA meM hama paravartI arthAt sAmpradAyika mAnyatAoM ke dRDhIbhUta hone ke bAda

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80 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna ke granthoM ko AdhAra nahIM banA rahe haiN| mahAvIra se pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM meM mAtra RSabha, ariSTanemi aura pArzva ke kathAnaka hI aise haiM, jo aitihAsika mahattva ke haiN| yadyapi inameM bhI RSabha aura ariSTanemi ke kathAnaka prAgaitihAsika kAla ke haiN| vedoM se bhI hameM inake sambandha meM koI vizeSa jAnakArI ( nAmollekha ke atirikta ) nahIM milatI hai| vedoM meM bhI ye nAma kisa sandarbha meM prayukta hue haiM aura kisake vAcaka haiM ye tathya Aja bhI vivAdAspada hI haiN| ina donoM ke jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM jaina evaM jainetara srotoM se bhI jo sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai vaha IsA kI prathama zatI ke pUrva kI nahIM hai| vedoM evaM brAhmaNa-granthoM meM vrAtyoM evaM vAtarazanA muniyoM ke jo ullekha haiM, unase itanA to avazya phalita hotA hai ki prAgaitihAsika kAla meM nagna athavA malina evaM jIrNavastra dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI eka paramparA avazya thI / sindhughATI sabhyatA kI mohana-jo-dar3o evaM har3appA se jo nagna yogiyoM ke aMkana vAlI sIleM prApta huI haiM unase bhI isa tathya kI hI puSTi hotI hai ki nagna evaM malina vastra dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNoM/yogiyoM / vrAtyoM kI eka paramparA prAcIna bhArata meM astitva rakhatI thii| usa paramparA ke agra puruSa ke rUpa meM RSabha yA ziva ko mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki ina sIloM meM usa yogI ko mukuTa aura AbhUSaNoM se yukta darzAyA gayA hai jisase usake nagna nirgrantha muni hone ke sambandha meM bAdhA AtI hai| " ye aMkana zvetAmbara tIrthaGkara mUrtiyoM se AMzika sAmyatA rakhate haiM, kyoMki ve apanI mUrtiyoM ko AbhUSaNa pahanAte haiN| RSabha kA acela dharma prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama uttarAdhyayana meM RSabha ke nAma kA ullekha mAtra hai, unake jIvana ke sandarbha meM koI vivaraNa nahIM hai| isase apekSAkRta paravartI kalpasUtra evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM hI sarvaprathama unakA jIvanavRtta milatA hai, phira bhI inameM unakI sAdhanA evaM AcAra vyavasthA kA koI vizeSa vivaraNa nahIM hai| paravartI zvetAmbara, digambara granthoM meM aura unake atirikta hindUpurANoM tathA vizeSarUpa se bhAgavata meM RSabhadeva ke dvArA acelakatva ke AcaraNa ke jo ullekha milate haiM, una sabake AdhAra para yaha vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki RSabhadeva acela paramparA ke poSaka rahe hoNge|" RSabha acela dharma ke pravartaka the, yaha mAnane meM sacela zvetAmbara paramparA ko bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai kyoki usakI bhI mAnyatA yahI hai ki RSabha aura mahAvIra donoM hI acela dharma ke sampoSaka the| RSabha ke pazcAt aura ariSTanemi ke pUrva madhya ke 20 tIrthaGkaroM ke

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna jIvanavRtta evaM AcAra-vicAra ke sambandha meM chaThI zatI ke pUrva arthAt sampradAyoM ke sthirIkaraNa ke pUrva kI koI bhI sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| mAtra ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM samavAyAMga meM aura zaurasenI Agama-tulya grantha tiloyapaNNatti meM nAma, mAtA-pitA, janma-nagara Adi sambandhI chiTagTa sUcanAe~ haiM, jo prastuta carcA kI dRSTi se upayogI nahIM haiN| isa prakAra madhyavartI bAIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM se mAtra bAIsaveM ariSTanemi evaM teIsaveM pArzva hI aise haiM jinase sambandhita sUcanAe~ uttarAdhyayana ke kramazaH bAIsaveM evaM teIsaveM adhyAya meM milatI haiM, kintu unameM bhI bAIsaveM adhyAya meM ariSTanemi kI AcAra vyavasthA kA aura vizeSa rUpa se vastra - grahaNa sambandhI paramparA kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke bAIsaveM adhyAya meM rAjImati ke dvArA guphA meM varSA ke kAraNa bhIgA huA apanA vastra sukhAne kA ullekha hone se kevala eka hI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki ariSTanemi kI paramparA meM sAdhviyA~ savastra hotI thiiN|" usa guphA meM sAdhanA meM sthita rathanemi savastra the yA nirvastra, aisA koI spaSTa saMketa isameM nahIM hai| ataH vastra sambandhI vivAda meM kevala pArzva evaM mahAvIra ina do aitihAsika kAla ke tIrthaGkaroM ke sambandha meM hI jo kucha sAkSya upalabdha hote haiM, unake AdhAra para hI carcA kI jA sakatI hai| pArzva kA sacela dharma 81 pArzva ke sambandha meM jo sUcanAe~ hameM upalabdha haiM unameM bhI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se RSibhASita ( lagabhaga I0 pU0 cauthI pA~cavIM zatI), sUtrakRtAMga ( lagabhaga tIsarI-cauthI zatI ), uttarAdhyayana ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI ), AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI ) evaM bhagavatI ( I0 pU0 dUsarI zatI se lekara IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka ) ke ullekha mahattvapUrNa haiN| inameM bhI RSibhASita aura sUtrakRtAMga meM pArzva kI vastra sambandhI mAnyatAoM kI spaSTa jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI / uttarAdhyayana kA teIsavA~ adhyayana hI ekamAtra aisA AdhAra hai jisameM mahAvIra ke dharma ko acela evaM pArzva ke dharma ko sacela yA sAMruttara kahA gayA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vastra ke sambandha meM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAe~ bhinna thiiN| uttarAdhyayana kI prAcInatA nirvivAda hai aura usake kathana ko aprAmANika nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / punaH niryukti, bhASya Adi paravartI Agamika vyAkhyAoM se bhI isI tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| ataH isa kathana kI satyatA meM sandeha karane kA koI sthAna zeSa nahIM rahatA hai| kintu pArzva kI paramparA ke dvArA mAnya 'sAMtaruttara' zabda kA kyA artha haiM yaha vicAraNIya hai| sAMtaruttara zabda kA artha paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne viziSTa, raMgIna evaM bahumUlya vastra kiyA hai| -

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82 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA meM nemicandra likhate haiM - sAntara arthAt vardhamAna svAmI kI apekSA parimANa aura varNa meM viziSTa tathA uttara arthAt mahAmulyavAna hone se pradhAna, aise vastra jisa paramparA meM dhAraNa kiye jAyeM vaha dharma sAntarottara hai| kintu sAntarottara ( saMtaruttara ) zabda kA yaha artha samucita nahIM hai| vastutaH jaba zvetAmbara AcArya acela kA artha kutsitacela yA alpacela karane lage, to yaha svAbhAvika thA ki sAntarottara kA artha viziSTa, mahAmUlyavAna raMgIna vastra kiyA jAya, tAki acela ke paravartI artha meM aura saMtaruttara ke artha meM kisI prakAra se saMgati sthApita kI jA ske| kintu saMtaruttara kA yaha artha zAbdika vyutpatti kI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| isase ina TIkAkAroM kI apanI sAmpradAyika mAnasikatA hI prakaTa hotI hai| saMtaruttara ke vAstavika artha ko AcArya zIlAMka ne apanI AcArAMga TIkA meM spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki saMtaruttara zabda uttarAdhyayana ke atirikta AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM bhI AyA hai|18 AcArAMga meM isa zabda kA prayoga una nirgrantha muniyoM ke sandarbha meM huA hai, jo do vastra rakhate the| usameM tIna vastra rakhane vAle muniyoM ke liye kahA gayA hai ki hemanta ke bIta jAne para evaM grISma Rtu ke A jAne para yadi kisI bhikSu ke vastra jIrNa ho gaye hoM to vaha unheM sthApita kara de arthAt chor3a de aura sAMtarottara athavA alpacela ( omacela ) athavA ekazATaka athavA acelaka ho jaaye|" yahA~ saMtaruttara kI TIkA karate hue zIlAMka kahate haiM ki antara sahita hai uttarIya ( or3hanA ) jisakA, arthAt jo vastra ko AvazyakatA hone para kabhI or3ha letA hai aura kabhI pAsa meM rakha letA hai| 20 paM0 kailAzacandrajI ne saMtaruttara kI zIlAMka kI uparokta vyAkhyA se yaha pratiphalita karanA cAhA hai ki pArzva ke paramparA ke sAdhu rahate to nagna hI the, kintu pAsa meM vastra rakhate the, jise AvazyakatA hone para or3ha lete the| kintu paNDitajI kI yaha vyAkhyA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki saMtaruttara se nagnatA kisI bhI prakAra phalita nahIM hotI hai| vastuta: saMtaruttara zabda kA prayoga AcArAMga meM tIna vastra rakhane vAle sAdhuoM ke sandarbha meM huA hai aura unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki grISma Rtu ke Ane para ve eka jIrNa-vastra ko chor3akara saMtaruttara arthAt do vastra dhAraNa karane vAle ho jaayeN| ata: saMtaruttara hone kA artha antaravAsaka aura uttarIya aise do vastra rakhanA hai| antaravastra Ajakala kA Underwear arthAt guhyAMga ko Dhakane vAlA vastra hai| uttarIya zarIra ke Upara ke bhAga ko Dhakane vAlA vastra hai| 'saMtaruttara' kI zIlAMka kI yaha vyAkhyA bhI hameM yahI batAtI hai ki uttarIya kabhI or3ha liyA jAtA thA aura kabhI pAsa meM rakha liyA jAtA thA, kyoMki

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 83 garmI meM sadaiva uttarIya or3hA nahIM jAtA thaa| ata: saMtaruttara kA artha kabhI sacela ho jAnA aura kabhI vastra ko pAsa meM rakhakara acela ho jAnA nahIM haiN| yadi saMtaruttara hone kA artha kabhI sacela aura kabhI acela ( nagna ) honA hotA to phira alpacela aura ekazATaka hone kI carcA isI prasaMga meM nahIM kI jaatii| tIna vastradhArI sAdhu eka jIrNa vastra kA tyAga karane para sAMtaruttara hotA hai| eka jIrNa vastra kA tyAga aura dUsare jIrNa vastra ke jIrNa bhAga ko nikAlakara alpa AkAra kA banAkara rakhane para alpacela, donoM jIrNa vastroM kA tyAga karane para ekazATaka athavA omacela aura tInoM vastroM kA tyAga karane para acela hotA hai| vastutaH Aja bhI digambara paramparA kA kSullaka sAntarottara hai aura ailaka ekazATaka tathA muni nagna ( acela ) hotA hai| ata: pArzva kI sacela sAntarottara paramparA meM muni do vastra rakhate the -- adhovastra aura uttriiy| uttarIya AvazyakatAnusAra zItakAla Adi meM or3ha liyA jAtA thA aura grISmakAla meM alaga rakha diyA jAtA thaa| AcArAMga ke naveM upadhAnazrata nAmaka adhyAya meM mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta varNita hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se mahAvIra kI jIvana-gAthA ke sambandha meM isase prAcIna evaM prAmANika anya koI sandarbha hameM upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArAMga dvitIya zrutaskandha, kalpasUtra, bhagavatI aura bAda ke sabhI mahAvIra ke jIvana-caritra sambandhI grantha isase paravartI haiM aura unameM mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sAtha jur3I alaukikatAe~ yahI siddha karatI haiM ki ve mahAvIra kI jIvana-gAthA kA atiraMjita citra hI upasthita karate haiN| isaliye mahAvIra ke jIvana ke sambandha meM jo bhI tathya hameM upalabdha haiM, ve prAmANika rUpa meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke isI upadhAnazruta meM upalabdha haiN| isameM mahAvIra ke dIkSita hone kA jo vivaraNa hai usase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ve eka vastra lekara dIkSita hae the aura lagabhaga eka varSa ke kucha adhika samaya ke pazcAt unhoMne usa vastra kA bhI parityAga kara diyA aura pUrNata: acela ho gye|2 mahAvIra ke jIvana kI yaha ghaTanA hI vastra ke sambandha meM sampUrNa jaina paramparA ke dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa kara detI hai| isakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki mahAvIra ne apanI sAdhanA kA prArambha sacelatA se kiyA, kintu kucha hI samaya pazcAt unhoMne pUrNa acelatA ko hI apanA Adarza maanaa| paravartI Agama granthoM meM evaM unakI vyAkhyAoM meM mahAvIra ke eka varSa pazcAt vastra-tyAga karane ke sandarbha meM aneka pravAda yA mAnyatAyeM pracalita haiN| yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA aura zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM ina pravAdoM yA mAnyatAoM kA ullekha hai| yahA~ hama una pravAdoM meM na jAkara kevala itanA hI batA denA paryApta samajhate haiM ki prArambha meM mahAvIra ne vastra liyA thA aura bAda meM vastra kA parityAga

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84 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna kara diyaa| vaha vastra-tyAga kisa rUpa meM huA yaha adhika mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| yadi hama mahAvIra ke samakAlIna anya zramaNa-paramparAoM kI vastra-grahaNa sambandhI avadhAraNAoM para vicAra kareM to hameM jJAta hotA hai ki usa yuga meM savastra aura nirvastra donoM prakAra kI zramaNa paramparAe~ pracalita thiiN| unameM se pArzva ke sambandha meM uttarAdhyayana aura usake paravartI sAhitya meM jo kucha sUcanAe~ upalabdha haiM, una sabase eka mata se pArzva kI paramparA, savastra paramparA siddha hotI hai| svayaM uttarAdhyayana kA teIsavA~ adhyayana isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki pArzva kI paramparA sacela paramparA thii| isI prakAra bauddha paramparA bhI sacela thii| dUsarI ora AjIvaka sampradAya pUrNata: acelatA kA pratipAdaka thaa| yaha sambhava hai ki mahAvIra ne apane vaMzAnugata pApityIya paramparA ke prabhAva se eka vastra grahaNa karake apanI sAdhanA-yAtrA prArambha kI ho| kalpasUtra meM unake dIkSita hote samaya AbhUSaNa-tyAga kA ullekha hai vastra-tyAga kA nhiiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra uttara vihAra ke vaizAlI janapada meM zIta Rtu ke prathama mAsa ( mArgazIrSa ) meM dIkSita hue the| usa kSetra kI bhayaMkara sardI ko dhyAna meM rakhakara parivAra ke logoM ke ati Agraha ke kAraNa sambhavata: mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra svIkAra kiyA ho| merI dRSTi meM isameM bhI pArivArika Agraha hI pramukha kAraNa rahA hogaa| mahAvIra ne sadaiva hI parivAra ke variSThajanoM ko sammAna diyaa| yahI kAraNa rahA ki mAtApitA ke jIvita rahate unhoMne pravrajyA nahIM lii| puna: bar3e bhAI ke Agraha se do varSa aura gRhasthAvasthA meM rhe| sambhavataH zIta Rtu meM dIkSita hote samaya bhAI yA parijanoM ke Agraha se unhoMne vaha eka vastra liyA ho| sambhava hai ki vidAI kI usa belA meM parijanoM ke isa choTe se Agraha ko TakarAnA unheM ucita na lagA ho| kintu usake bAda unhoMne kaThora sAdhanA kA nirNaya lekara usa vastra kA upayoga zarIrAdi Dhakane ke liye nahIM karU~gA, aisA nizcaya kiyA aura dUsare varSa ke zItakAla kI samApti para unhoMne usa vastra kA bhI parityAga kara diyaa| AcArAMga se ina sabhI tathyoM kI puSTi hotI hai| usake pazcAt ve AjIvana acela hI rahe, isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM zvetAmbara, yApanIya aura digambara tInoM meM se kisI ko bhI koI vipratipatti nahIM hai| tInoM hI paramparAe~ eka mata se yaha svIkAra karatI haiM ki mahAvIra acela dharma ke hI pratipAlaka aura pravaktA the| mahAvIra kA sacela dIkSita honA bhI svaicchika nahIM thA, vastra unhoMne liyA nahIM, apitu unake kandhe para DAla diyA gayA thaa| yApanIya AcArya aparAjitasUri ne isa pravAda kA ullekha kiyA hai - ve kahate haiM ki yaha to upasarga huA, siddhAnta nhiiN| AcArAMga meM unake vastra grahaNa ko 'anudharma' kahA gayA hai, arthAt yaha paramparA kA anupAlana For Priva

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna mAtra thaa| ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne mAtra apanI kula paramparA arthAt pAzrvApatya paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA ho| zvetAmbara AcArya usakI vyAkhyA meM indra dvArA pradatta devaduSya vastra grahaNa karane kI bAta kahate haiN| yaha mAtra paramparAgata vizvAsa hai, isa sambandha meM koI prAcIna ullekha nahIM hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA . upadhAnazruta mAtra vastra grahaNa kI bAta kahatA hai| vaha vastra indra dvArA pradatta devaduSya thA, aisA ullekha nahIM krtaa| merI dRSTi meM isa 'anudharma' meM 'anu' zabda kA artha vahI hai jo aNuvrata meM 'anu' zabda kA hai arthAt AMzika tyAga / vastutaH mahAvIra kA lakSya to pUrNa acelatA kA thA, kintu prArambha meM unhoMne vastra kA AMzika tyAga hI kiyA thaa| jaba eka varSa kI sAdhanA se unheM yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho gayA ki ve apanI kAma vAsanA para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara cuke haiM aura do zItakAloM ke vyatIta ho jAne se unheM yaha anubhava ho gayA ki unakA zarIra usa zIta ko sahane meM pUrNa samartha hai, to unhoMne vastra kA pUrNa tyAga kara diyA / 24 jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra ne dIkSita hote samaya mAtra sAmAyika cAritra hI liyA thA, mahAvratoM kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA thA / zvetAmbara AgamoM kA kathana hai ki sabhI tIrthaGkara eka devaduSya lekara sAmAyika cAritra kI pratijJA se hI dIkSita hote haiN| 25 yaha isI tathya ko puSTa karatA hai ki sAmAyika cAritra se dIkSita hote samaya eka vastra grahaNa karane kI paramparA rahI hogI / 85 niSkarSa yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA prArambha sacelatA se huA kintu usakI pariniSpatti acelatA meM huI / mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM sacelatA aNudharma thA aura acelatA mukhya dharma thaa| mahAvIra dvArA vastra-grahaNa karane meM unake kuladharma arthAt pAzrvApatya paramparA kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai kintu pUrNa acelatA kA nirNaya yA to unakA svataHsphUrta thA yA phira AjIvaka paramparA kA prbhaav| yaha satya hai ki mahAvIra pArzvApatya paramparA se prabhAvita rahe haiM aura unhoMne pArvApatya paramparA ke dArzanika siddhAntoM ko grahaNa bhI kiyA hai, kintu vaicArika dRSTi se pArzvapatyoM ke nikaTa hote hue bhI AcAra kI dRSTi se ve unase santuSTa nahIM the / pArzvapatyoM ke zithilAcAra ke ullekha aura usakI samAlocanA jainadharma kI sacela aura acela donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya meM milatI hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki mahAvIra ne pArvApatyoM kI AcAra vyavasthA meM vyApaka sudhAra kiye| sambhava hai ki acelatA ke sambandha meM ve AjIvakoM se prabhAvita hue hoN| harmana jaikobI Adi pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI isa sandarbha meM mahAvIra para AjIvakoM kA prabhAva hone kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| hamAre kucha digambara vidvAn yaha mata rakhate haiM ki mahAvIra kI acelatA

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna se prabhAvita hokara AjIvakoM ne acelatA ( nagnatA ) ko svIkAra kiyA, kintu yaha unakI bhrAnti hai aura aitihAsika dRSTi se satya bhI nahIM hai| cAhe gozAlaka mahAvIra ke ziSya ke rUpa meM unake sAtha lagabhaga chaH varSa taka rahA ho, kintu na to gozAlaka se prabhAvita hokara mahAvIra nagna hue aura na mahAvIra kI nagnatA kA prabhAva gozAlaka ke mAdhyama se AjIvakoM para hI par3A, kyoMki gozAlaka mahAvIra ke pAsa unake dUsare nAlandA cAturmAsa ke madhya pahu~cA thA, jabaki mahAvIra usake ATha mAsa pUrva hI acela ho cuke the| dUsare yaha ki AjIvakoM kI paramparA gozAlaka ke pUrva bhI astitva meM thI, gozAlaka AjIvaka paramparA kA pravartaka nahIM thaa| na kevala bhagavatIsUtra meM, apitu pAlitripaTaka meM bhI gozAlaka ke pUrva hue AjIvaka sampradAya ke AcAryoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| yadi AjIvaka sampradAya mahAvIra ke pUrva astitva meM thA, to isa sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki usakI acelatA Adi kucha AcAra paramparAoM ne mahAvIra ko prabhAvita kiyA ho| ata: pApitya paramparA ke prabhAva se mahAvIra ke dvArA vastra kA grahaNa karanA aura AjIvaka paramparA ke prabhAva se vastra kA parityAga karanA mAtra kAlpanika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usake pIche aitihAsika evaM manovaijJAnika AdhAra hai| mahAvIra kA darzana pApityoM se aura AcAra AjIvakoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| jahA~ taka mahAvIra kI ziSya paramparA kA prazna hai yadi gozAlaka ko mahAvIra kA ziSya mAnA jAya, to vaha acela rUpa meM hI mahAvIra ke pAsa AyA thA aura acela hI rhaa| jahA~ taka gautama Adi gaNadharoM aura mahAvIra ke anya prArambhika ziSyoM kA prazna hai mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne jinakalpa arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra kI acelatA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hogA, kyoMki yadi gaNadhara gautama sacela hote yA sacela paramparA ke poSaka hote to zrAvastI meM huI paricarcA meM kezI unase sacelatA aura acelatA ke sambandha meM koI prazna hI nahIM krte| ata: zrAvastI meM huI isa paricarcA ke pUrva mahAvIra kA muni-saMgha pUrNata: acela hI rahA hogaa| usameM vastra kA praveza kramaza: kinhIM vizeSa paristhitiyoM ke AdhAra para hI huA hogaa| mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sacelatA ke praveza ke nimnalikhita kAraNa sambhAvita haiM - 1. sarvaprathama jaba mahAvIra ke saMgha meM striyoM ko pravrajyA pradAna kI gaI to unheM savastra hI dIkSita kiyA gayA kyoMki loka-lajjA, mAsika dharma Adi zArIrika kAraNoM se unheM nagna rUpa meM dIkSita kiyA jAnA ucita nahIM thaa| acelatA kI sampoSaka digambara paramparA bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karatI hai ki

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 87 mahAvIra ke saMgha meM AryikAe~ savastra hI hotI thiiN| jaba eka bAra AryikAoM ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa paristhiti meM vastra grahaNa kI svIkRti dI gaI to isane muni-saMgha meM bhI ApavAdika paristhiti meM jaise bhagandara Adi roga hone para vastra-grahaNa kA dvAra udghATita kara diyaa| sAmAnyatayA to vastra parigraha hI thA kintu striyoM ke liye aura apavAdamArga meM muniyoM ke liye use saMyamopakaraNa mAna liyA gyaa| 2. puna: jaba mahAvIra ke saMgha meM yuvA dIkSita hone lage hoMge to mahAvIra ko unheM bhI savastra rahane kI anumati denI par3I hogI, kyoMki unake jIvana meM liMgotthAna aura vIryapAta kI ghaTanAe~ sambhava thiiN| ye aisI sAmAnya manodaihika ghaTanAe~ haiM jinase yuvA muni kA pUrNata: baca pAnA asambhava hai| manodaihika dRSTi se yuvAvasthA meM cAhe kAmavAsanA para niyantraNa rakhA jA sakatA ho kintu ukta sthitiyoM kA pUrNa nirmUlana sambhava nahIM hotA hai| nirgrantha saMgha meM yuvA muniyoM meM ye ghaTanAe~ ghaTita hotI thIM, aise Agamika ullekha haiN| yadi ye ghaTanAe~ araNya meM ghaTita hoM, to utanI cintanIya nahIM thIM kintu bhikSA, pravacana Adi ke samaya striyoM kI upasthiti meM ina ghaTanAoM kA ghaTita honA na kevala usa muni kI cAritrika pratiSThA ke liye ghAtaka thA, balki sampUrNa nirgrantha muni-saMgha kI pratiSThA para eka prazna-cihna khar3A karatA thaa| ata: yaha Avazyaka samajhA gayA ki jaba taka vAsanA pUrNataH mara na jAya, taba taka aise yuvA muni ke liye nagna rahane yA jinakalpa dhAraNa karane kI anumati na dI jaay| zvetAmbara mAnya Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM to yaha spaSTa nirdeza hai ki 30 varSa kI vaya ke pUrva jinakalpa dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| satya to yaha hai ki nirgrantha saMgha meM sacela aura acela aise do varga sthApita ho jAne para yaha vyavasthA dI gaI ki yuvA muniyoM ko chedopasthApanIya cAritra na diyA jAkara mAtra sAmAyika cAritra diyA jAya, kyoMki jaba taka vyakti sampUrNa parigraha tyAga karake acela nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka use chedopasthApanIya cAritra nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra ne hI sarvaprathama sAmAyika cAritra evaM chedopasthApanIya cAritra ( mahAvratAropaNa ) aise do prakAra ke cAritroM kI vyavasthA kI jo Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM choTI dIkSA aura bar3I dIkSA ke nAma se pracalita hai| yuvA muniyoM ke liye 'kSullaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA aura usake AcAra-vyavahAra ke hetu kucha viziSTa niyama banAye gaye, jo Aja bhI uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika ke kSullakAdhyayanoM meM upasthita haiN| mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya cAritra kI vyavasthA una praur3ha muniyoM ke liye kI, jo apanI vAsanAoM para pUrNa niyantraNa prApta kara cuke the aura acela rahane meM samartha the| 'chedopasthApanA' zabda kA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki pUrva dIkSA paryAya ko

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna samApta ( cheda ) kara navIna dIkSA ( upasthApana ) denaa| Aja bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM chedopasthApanA ke samaya hI mahAvratAropaNa karAyA jAtA hai aura tabhI dIkSita vyakti kI saMgha meM krama-sthiti arthAt jyeSThatA / kaniSThatA nirdhArita hotI hai aura use saMgha kA sadasya mAnA jAtA hai| sAmAyika cAritra grahaNa karane vAlA muni saMgha meM rahate hue bhI usakA sadasya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| isa carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki nirgrantha muni saMgha meM sacela ( kSullaka ) aura acela ( muni ) aise do prakAra ke vargoM kA nirdhAraNa mahAvIra ne yA to apane jIvana kAla meM hI kara diyA hogA yA unake parinirvANa ke kucha samaya pazcAt kara diyA gayA hogaa| Aja bhI digambara paramparA meM sAdhaka kI kSullaka ( do vastradhArI ), ailaka ( eka vastradhArI ) aura muni ( acela ) aisI tIna vyavasthAe~ haiM / ataH prAcInakAla meM bhI aisI vyavasthA rahI hogI isase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki ina sabhI sandarbhoM meM vastra grahaNa kA kAraNa loka-lajjA yA lokApavAda aura zArIrika sthiti hI thA / 88 3. mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra ke praveza kA tIsarA kAraNa sampUrNa uttara bhArata, himAlaya ke tarAI kSetra tathA rAjasthAna meM zIta kA tIvra prakopa honA thaa| mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM sthita ve muni jo yA to vRddhAvasthA meM hI dIkSita ho rahe the yA vRddhAvasthA kI ora agrasara ho rahe the, unakA zarIra isa bhayaMkara zIta ke prakopa kA sAmanA karane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava kara rahA thaa| aise sabhI muniyoM ke dvArA yaha bhI sambhava nahIM thA ki ve saMthArA grahaNa kara una zItalaharoM kA sAmanA karate hue apane prANotsarga kara deN| aise muniyoM ke liye apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM zIta - nivAraNa ke liye eka UnI vastra rakhane kI anumati dI gii| ye muni rahate to acela hI the, kintu rAtri meM zIta-nivAraNArtha usa UnI vastra (kambala) kA upayoga kara lete the| yaha vyavasthA sthavira yA vRddha muniyoM ke liye thI aura isaliye ise 'sthavirakalpa' kA nAma diyA gyaa| mathurA se prApta IsvI san prathamadvitIya zatI kI jina pratimAoM kI pAda pITha para yA phalakoM para jo muni pratimAe~ aMkita haiM ve nagna hokara bhI kambala aura mukhavastrikA liye hue haiN| merI dRSTi meM yaha vyavasthA bhI ApavAdika hI thii| - hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra kA jo muni saMgha dakSiNa bhArata yA dakSiNa madhya bhArata meM rahA usameM acelatA surakSita raha sakI, kintu jo muni saMgha uttara evaM pazcimottara bhArata meM rahA usameM zIta- prakopa kI tIvratA kI deza-kAlagata paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vastra kA praveza ho gyaa| Aja bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ bhArata ke dakSiNa aura dakSiNa-madhya kSetra meM digambara paramparA kA bAhulya hai, vahA~

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna pazcimottara bhArata meM zvetAmbara paramparA kA bAhulya hai| vastuta: isakA kAraNa jalavAya hI hai| dakSiNa meM jahA~ zItakAla meM Aja bhI tApamAna 25-30 DigrI selsiyasa se nIce nahIM jAtA, vahA~ nagna rahanA kaThina nahIM hai kintu himAlaya ke tarAI kSetra, pazcimottara bhArata evaM rAjasthAna jahA~ tApamAna zUnya DigrI se bhI nIce calA jAtA hai, vahA~ zItakAla meM acela rahanA kaThina hai| punaH eka yuvA sAdhaka ko zIta sahana karane meM utanI kaThinAI nahIM hotI jitanI ki vRddha tapasvI sAdhaka ko| ata: jina kSetroM meM zIta kI adhikatA thI una kSetroM meM vastra kA praveza svAbhAvika hI thaa| AcAsaMga meM hameM aise muniyoM ke ullekha upalabdha haiM jo zItakAla meM sardI se thara-thara kA~pate the| jo loga unake AcAra, arthAt Aga jalAkara zIta-nivAraNa karane ke niSedha se paricita nahIM the, unheM yaha zaMkA bhI hotI thI ki kahIM unakA zarIra kAmAvega meM to nahIM kA~pa rahA hai| yaha jJAta hone para ki inakA zarIra sardI se kA~pa rahA hai, kabhI-kabhI ve zarIra ko tapAne ke liye Aga jalA dene ko kahate the, jisakA una muniyoM ko niSedha karanA hotA thaa| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra-praveza ke liye uttara bhArata kI bhayaMkara sardI bhI eka mukhya kAraNa rahI hai| 4. mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra ke praveza kA tIsarA kAraNa pArzva kI paramparA ke muniyoM kA mahAvIra kI paramparA meM sammilita honA bhI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke muni sacela hote the| ve adhovastra aura uttarIya donoM hI dhAraNa karate the| hameM sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI, rAjapraznIya Adi meM na kevala pArzva kI paramparA ke muniyoM ke ullekha milate haiM apitu unake dvArA mahAvIra ke saMgha meM puna: dIkSita hone ke sandarbha bhI milate haiN| ina sandarbho kA sUkSmatA se vizleSaNa karane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pArzva kI paramparA ke kucha muniyoM ne to mahAvIra kI paramparA meM sammilita hote samaya acelakatva grahaNa kiyA, kintu kucha aise bhI the jinhoMne acelatA ko grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| sambhava hai kucha pAzrvApatyoM ko sacela rahane kI anumati dekara sAmAyika cAritra ke sAtha mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sammilita kiyA gayA hogaa| isa prakAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM yA usake kucha pazcAt nirgrantha saMgha meM sacela-acela donoM prakAra kI eka milI-julI vyavasthA svIkAra kara lI gayI thI aura pArzva kI paramparA meM pracalita sacelatA ko bhI mAnyatA pradAna kara dI gyii| niSkarSata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM prArambha meM to mani kI acelatA para hI bala diyA gayA thA, kintu kAlAntara meM lokalajjA aura zIta-parISaha se bacane ke liye ApavAdika rUpa meM vastra-grahaNa ko

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna mAnyatA pradAna kara dI gyii| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM aura digambaroM dvArA mAnya yApanIya granthoM meM una ApavAdika sthitiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinameM muni vastra-grahaNa kara sakatA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya sthAnAMgasUtra ( 3/3/347 ) meM vastragrahaNa ke nimnalikhita tIna kAraNoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai --- 1. lajjA ke nivAraNa ke liye ( liMgotthAna hone para lajjita na honA par3e, isa hetu ) / 2. jugupsA ( ghRNA ) ke nivAraNa ke liye ( liMga yA aNDakoSa vidrUpa hone para loga ghRNA na kareM, isa hetu ) / 3. parISaha ( zIta-parISaha ) ke nivAraNa ke liye| sthAnAMgasUtra meM varNita uparyukta tIna kAraNoM meM prathama do kA samAveza loka-lajjA meM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki jugupsA kA nivAraNa bhI eka prakAra se lokalajjA kA nivAraNa hI hai| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki lajjA kA bhAva svata: meM nihita hotA hai aura ghRSNA dUsaroM ke dvArA kI jAtI hai, kintu donoM kA uddezya lokApavAda se bacanA hai| isI prakAra digambara paramparA meM mAnya, kintu mUlata: yApanIya grantha bhagavatI ArAdhanA ( 76 ) kI TIkA meM nimnalikhita tIna ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM vastra-grahaNa kI svIkRti pradAna kI gayI hai - 1. jisakA liMga ( puruSa-cihna ) evaM aNDakoSa vidrapa ho, 2. jo mahAn sampattizAlI athavA lajjAlu hai, 3. jisake svajana mithyAdRSTi haiN| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki prArambha meM nirgrantha saMgha meM muni ke liye vastragrahaNa eka ApavAdika vyavasthA hI thii| utsarga yA zreSTha mArga to acelatA ko hI mAnA gayA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA mAnya AcArAMga, sthAnAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM na kevala muni kI acelatA ke pratipAdaka sandarbha upalabdha hote haiM apitu acelatA kI prazaMsA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| unameM bhI vastra-grahaNa kI anumati mAtra loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa aura zIta-nivAraNa ke liye hI hai| AcArAMga meM cAra prakAra ke muniyoM ke ullekha haiM - 1. acela, 2. eka vastradhArI, 3. do vastradhArI aura 4. tIna vstrdhaarii| 1. inameM acela to sarvathA nagna rahate the| ye jinakalpI kahalAte the| 2. eka vastradhArI bhI do prakAra ke hote the -

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 91 ( a ) kucha eka vastradhArI rahate to acela hI the, kintu apane pAsa eka UnI vastra rakhate the, jisakA upayoga nagarAdi meM praveza ke samaya loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa ke liye aura sardiyoM kI rAtriyoM meM zIta-nivAraNa ke liye karate the| ye sthavirakalpI kahalAte the| __ ( ba ) kucha eka vastradhArI mAtra adhovastra dhAraNa karate the, jaise vartamAna meM digambara paramparA ke ailaka dhAraNa karate haiN| ailaka eka celaka ( vastradhArI ) kA hI apabhraMza rUpa hai| ise Agama meM ekazATaka kahA gayA hai| . 3. do vastradhArI, jinheM sAntarottara bhI kahA gayA hai, eka adhovastra va eka uttarIya rakhate the jaise vartamAna meM kSullaka rakhate haiM - adhovastra loka-lajjA hetu aura uttarIya zIta-nivAraNa hetu| 4. tIna vastradhArI adhovastra aura uttarIya ke sAtha-sAtha zIta-nivAraNArtha eka UnI kambala bhI rakhate hoNge| yaha vyavasthA Aja ke zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sAdhuoM meM hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha karatA hai ki vastradhArI muni vastra ke jIrNa hone para evaM grISmakAla ke Agamana para jIrNa vastroM kA tyAga karate hue acelatA kI dizA meM Age bddh'e| tIna vastradhArI kramaza: apane parigraha ko kama karate hue sAntarottara athavA eka zATaka athavA acela ho ge| hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga meM varNita vastra sambandhI yaha vyavasthA acelatA kA ati-Agraha rakhane vAlI digambara paramparA meM bhI muni, ailaka aura kSullaka ke rUpa meM Aja bhI pracalita hai| usakA kSullaka AcArAMga kA sAntarottara hai aura ailaka ekazATaka tathA muni acela hai| * zvetAmbara paramparA meM paravartI kAla meM bhI jo vastra-pAtra kA vikAsa huA aura vastra-grahaNa ko aparihArya mAnA gayA usake pIche mUla meM parigraha yA saMcaya vRtti na hokara dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~, saMghIya jIvana kI AvazyakatAe~ evaM saMyama arthAt ahiMsA kI paripAlanA hI pramukha thii| nirgrantha saMgha meM jaba aparigraha mahAvata ke sthAna para ahiMsA ke mahAvrata kI paripAlanA para adhika bala diyA gayA to pratilekhana yA picchI se lekara kramaza: aneka upakaraNa bar3ha gye| zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya kucha paravartI AgamoM meM muni ke jina caudaha upakaraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM adhikAMza pAtra-pochana, paTala Adi ke kAraNa hone vAlI jIva hiMsA se bacane ke liye hI hai| oghaniyukti (691) meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki jina ne SaTkAya jIvoM ke rakSaNa ke liye hI pAtra grahaNa kI anujJA dI hai| zArIrika sukha-suvidhA aura pradarzana kI dRSTi se jo vastrAdi upakaraNoM

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92 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna kA vikAsa huA hai vaha bahuta hI paravartI ghaTanA hai aura prAcIna stara ke mAnya AgamoM se samarthita nahIM hai aura muni AcAra kA vikRta rUpa hI hai aura yaha vikAra yati paramparA ke rUpa meM zvetAmbaroM aura bhaTTAraka paramparA ke rUpa meM digambaroM, donoM meM AyA hai| kintu jo loga vastra ke sambandha meM AgrahapUrNa dRSTikoNa rakhate haiM unheM yaha samajha lenA cAhiye ki vastra kA grahaNa eka manodaihika evaM sAmAjika AvazyakatA thI aura usase zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAe~ prabhAvita huI haiN| digambara paramparA meM ailaka aura kSullaka kI vyavasthA to isa AvazyakatA kI sUcaka hai hI, kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha unameM jo savastra bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA kA vikAsa huA, usake pIche bhI uparokta manodaihika kAraNa aura laukika paristhitiyA~ hI mukhya rhiiN| kyA kAraNa thA ki acelatA kI samarthaka isa paramparA meM bhI lagabhaga 1000 varSa taka nagna muniyoM kA abhAva rhaa| Aja digambara paramparA meM zAntisAgarajI se jo nagna muniyoM kI paramparA punaH jIvita huI hai, usakA itihAsa to 100 varSa se adhika kA nahIM hai| lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatI se unnIsavIM zatI taka digambara muniyoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI rahA hai| Aja ina donoM paramparAoM meM sacelatA aura acelatA ke prazna para jo itanA vivAda khar3A kara diyA gayA hai, vaha donoM kI Agamika vyavasthAoM aura jIvita paramparAoM ke sandarbha meM ImAnadArI se vicAra karane para nagaNya hI raha jAtA hai / hamArA durbhAgya yaha hai ki hama apane matAgrahoM se na to Agamika vyavasthAoM ko dekhane kA prayatna karate haiM aura na una kAraNoM kA vicAra karate haiM, jinase kisI AcAra-vyavasthA meM parivartana hotA hai| durbhAgya hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA ne jinakalpa ke viccheda ke nAma para usa acelatA kA apalApa kiyA, jo usake pUrvaja AcAryoM ke dvArA lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatI taka Acarita rahI aura jisake sandarbha unake AgamoM meM Aja bhI haiN| vahIM dUsarI ora digambara paramparA meM sacela muni hI nahIM hotA hai, yaha kahakara na kevala mahAvIra kI mUla bhUta anekAntika dRSTi kA ullaMghana kiyA gayA, apitu apane hI AgamoM aura pracalita vyavasthAoM ko nakAra diyA gyaa| hama pUchate haiM ki kyA ailaka aura kSullaka gRhastha haiM aura yadi aisA mAnA jAya to inake mUla artha kA hI apalApa hogaa| yadi hama niSpakSa dRSTi se dekheM to nirgrantha saMgha meM prAcInakAla se hI kSullakoM (yuvA muni) aura sthaviroM ( vRddha-muniyoM ) ke liye vastra grahaNa kI paramparA mAnya rahI hai| kSullaka loka-lajjA ke liye aura sthavira ( vRddha ) daihika AvazyakatA ke liye vastra grahaNa karatA hai| 'kSullaka muni nahIM haiM' yaha udghoSa

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna kevala ekAntatA kA sUcaka hai| 'kSullaka' zabda apane Apa meM isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki vaha prArambhika stara kA muni hai, gRhastha nahIM, kyoMki 'kSullaka' kA artha choTA hotA hai| vaha choTA muni hI ho sakatA hai, gRhastha nhiiN| prAcIna AgamoM meM vastradhArI yuvA muni ke liye hI 'kSullaka' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga tathA anya purAtAttvika sAkSyoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki nirgrantha saMgha meM yA to mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM yA nirvANa ke kucha hI samaya pazcAt sacela-acela muniyoM kI eka milI-julI vyavasthA ho gaI thii| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki aisI doharI vyavasthA mAnya karane para paraspara AlocanA ke svara bhI mukharita hue hoNge| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza diyA gayA ki acela muni, ekazATaka, sAntarottara athavA tIna vastradhArI muni paraspara eka dUsare kI nindA na kreN| jJAtavya hai ki saMgha-bheda kA kAraNa yaha milI-julI vyavasthA nahIM thI, apitu isameM apanI-apanI zreSThatA kA mithyA ahaMkAra hI Age calakara saMgha-bheda kA kAraNa banA hai| jaba sacelakoM ne acelakoM kI sAdhanA sambandhI viziSTatA ko asvIkAra kiyA aura acelakoM ne sacelaka ko muni mAnane se inkAra kiyA to saMgha-bheda honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| aitihAsika satya to yaha hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jo nirgrantha muni dakSiNa bihAra, ur3IsA aura Andhra pradeza ke rAste se tamilanADu aura karnATaka meM pahu~ce, ve vahA~ kI jalavAyugata paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa apanI acelatA ko yathAvata kAyama rakha sake, kyoMki vahA~ sardI par3atI hI nahIM hai| yadyapi unameM bhI kSullaka aura. ailaka dIkSAe~ hotI rahI hoMgI, kintu acelaka muni ko sarvopari mAnane ke kAraNa unameM koI vivAda nahIM huaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM acela rahanA sambhava thA, isaliye usake prati AdarabhAva banA rhaa| phira bhI lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI ke pazcAt vahA~ bhI hindU-maThAdhIzoM ke prabhAva se savastra bhaTTAraka paramparA kA kramika vikAsa haA aura dhIre-dhIre dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI se vyavahAra meM acelatA samApta ho gyii| kevala acelatA ke prati saiddhAntika Adara bhAva banA rhaa| Aja vahA~ jo digambara haiM, ve isa kAraNa digambara nahIM haiM ki ve nagna rahate haiM apitu isa kAraNa haiM ki acelatA/digambaratva ke prati unameM Adara bhAva hai| mahAvIra kA jo nimrantha saMgha bihAra se pazcimottara bhArata kI ora Age bar3hA, usameM jalavAyu tathA muniyoM kI bar3hatI saMkhyA ke kAraNa vastra-pAtra kA vikAsa huaa| prathama zaka, hUNa Adi videzI saMskRti ke prabhAva se tathA dUsare jalavAyu ke kAraNa se isa kSetra meM nagnatA ko heya dRSTi se dekhA jAne lagA, jabaki

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94 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna dakSiNa bhArata meM nagnatA ke prati heya bhAva nahIM thaa| loka-lajjA aura zItanivAraNa ke liye eka vastra rakhA jAne lgaa| prArambha meM to uttara bhArata kA yaha nirgrantha saMgha rahatA to acela hI thA, kintu apane pAsa eka vastra rakhatA thA jisakA upayoga nagarAdi meM praveza karate samaya loka-lajjA ke nivAraNa ke liye aura zIta Rtu meM sardI sahana na hone kI sthiti meM or3hane ke liye kiyA jAtA thaa| mathurA se aneka aise acela jaina muniyoM kI pratimAe~ prApta huI haiM jinake hAtha meM yaha vastra (kambala) isa prakAra pradarzita hai ki unakI nagnatA chipa jAtI hai| uttara bhArata meM nirgranthoM, maniyoM kI isa sthiti ko hI dhyAna meM rakhakara sambhavataH pAlitripiTaka meM nirgranthoM ko ekazATaka kahA gayA hai| hameM prAcIna arthAt IsA kI pahalI-dusarI zatI ke jo bhI sAhityika aura purAtAttvika pramANa milate haiM unase yahI siddha hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM zIta aura loka-lajjA ke liye vastra grahaNa kiyA jAtA thaa| zvetAmbara mAnya Agamika vyAkhyAoM se jo sUcanAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM, unase bhI yaha jJAta hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM vastra kA praveza hote hue bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt lagabhaga cha: sau varSa taka acelakatva utsarga yA zreSThamArga ke rUpa meM mAnya rahA hai| zvetAmbara Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya se hI hameM yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha ke aneka AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para vastra grahaNa kI bar3hatI huI pravRtti ke virodha meM apane svara mukharita kiye the| Arya bhadrabAhu ke pazcAt bhI uttara-bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha meM Arya mahAgiri, Arya zivabhUti, Arya rakSita Adi ne vastravAda kA virodha kiyA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki ina sabhI ko zvetAmbara paramparA apane pUrvAcAryoM ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, inake dvArA vastravAda ke virodha kA ullekha bhI karatI hai| isa sabase yahI phalita hotA hai uttara bhArata kI nirgrantha paramparA meM Age calakara vastra ko jo aparihArya mAna liyA gayA aura vastroM kI saMkhyA meM jo-vRddhi huI vaha eka paravartI ghaTanA hai aura vahI saMgha-bheda kA mukhya kAraNa bhI hai| jaina sAhityika evaM purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke atirikta nirgrantha muniyoM ke dvArA vastra-grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM yathArtha sthiti kA jJAna jainetara sAkSyoM se bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jo ati mahattvapUrNa hai| inameM sabase prAcIna sandarbha pAlitripiTaka kA hai| pAlitripiTaka meM pramukha rUpa se do aise sandarbha haiM jahA~ nimrantha kI vastra-sambandhI sthiti kA saMketa milatA hai| prathama sandarbha to nirgrantha kA vivaraNa dete hue spaSTatayA yaha kahatA hai ki nirgrantha ekazATaka the28, isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki buddha ke samaya yA kama se kama pAlitripiTaka ke racanAkAla arthAt

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 95 I0 pU0 tRtIya-catartha zatI meM nirgranthoM meM eka vastra kA prayoga hotA thA, anyathA unheM ekazATaka kabhI nahIM kahA jaataa| jahA~ AjIvaka sarvathA nagna rahate the, vahA~ nimrantha eka vastra rakhate the| isase yahI sUcita hotA hai ki vastra grahaNa kI paramparA ati prAcIna hai| puna: nirgrantha ke ekazATaka hone kA yaha ullekha pAlitripiTaka meM jJAtRputra mahAvIra kI carcA ke prasaMga meM huA hai| ata: sAmAnya rUpa se ise pArzva kI paramparA kaha denA bhI ThIka nahIM hogaa| phira bhI yadi isameM cAturyAma kI avadhAraNA ke ullekha ke AdhAra para ise pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita mAneM to bhI itanA avazya hai ki mahAvIra ke saMgha meM pApityoM ke praveza ke sAtha-sAtha vastra kA praveza ho gayA thaa| cAhe nimrantha paramparA pArzva kI rahI ho yA mahAvIra kI, yaha nirvivAda hai ki nirgrantha saMgha meM prAcInakAla se hI vastra ke sambandha meM vaikalpika vyavasthA mAnya rahI hai, phira cAhe vaha apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM yA sthavira kalpa ke rUpa meM hI kyoM na ho| ____ pAlitripiTaka ke eka anya prasaMga meM mahAvIra ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt nirgrantha saMgha ke pArasparika kalaha aura usake do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hone kA nimna ullekha milatA hai| ve eka-dUsare kI AlocanA karate hue kahate the -- "tU isa dharma vinaya ko nahIM jaantaa| maiM isa dharma vinaya ko jAnatA huuN| tU kyA isa dharma vinaya ko jAnegA ? aadi-aadi|" isa vivAda ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM do prakAra ke mata haiN| muni kalyANavijayajI Adi kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha vivaraNa mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM hI unake aura gozAlaka ke bIca hue usa vivAda kA sUcaka hai, jisake kAraNa mahAvIra ke nirvANa kA pravAda bhI pracalita ho gayA thaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM hameM isa vivAda kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| isameM vastrAdi ke sandarbha meM koI carcA nahIM hai| mAtra mahAvIra para yaha Aropa hai ki ve pahale akele vana meM nivAsa karate the, aba saMdha sahita nagara yA gA~va ke upAnta meM nivAsa karate haiM aura tIrthaGkara na hokara bhI apane ko tIrthaGkara kahate haiN| kintu isa vivAda ke prasaMga meM, jo sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta hai, vaha yaha ki pAlitripiTaka meM isakA sambandha dharma-vinaya se jor3A gayA hai aura audAtta arthAt zreSTha vastra dhAraNa karane vAle nirgrantha zrAvakoM ko isa vivAda se udAsIna batAyA gayA hai|" isase itanA to avazya pratiphalita hotA hai ki vivAda kA mUlabhUta viSaya dharma vinaya arthAt zramaNAcAra se hI sambandhita rahA hogaa| ata: usakA eka pakSa vastrapAtra rakhane yA na rakhane se sambandhita ho sakatA hai| ina samasta carcAoM se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki sacelatA aura acelatA kI samasyA nimrantha saMgha kI eka purAnI samasyA hai aura isakA .

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96 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna AvirbhAva pArzva aura mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha ke sammelana ke sAtha ho gayA thaa| sAtha hI yaha bhI satya hai ki jahA~ eka ora AjIvakoM kI acelatA ne mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM sthAna pAyA, vahIM pArzva kI sacela paramparA ne bhI use prabhAvita kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa vastra ke sambandha meM mahAvIra ke nirgrantha saMgha meM eka milIjulI vyavasthA svIkAra kI gii| utsarga mArga meM acelatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM vastra-grahaNa kI anumati dI gyii| pAlitripiTaka meM AjIvakoM ko sarvathA acelaka aura nimrantha ko ekazATaka kahA gayA hai aura isI AdhAra para ve AjIvakoM aura nimrantha meM antara bhI karate haiM aura AjIvakoM ke liye 'acelaka' zabda kA bhI prayoga karate haiN| dhammapada kI TIkA meM baddhaghoSa kahate haiM ki kucha bhikSu acelakoM kI apekSA nirgrantha ko vareNya samajhate haiM kyoMki acelaka to sarvathA nagna rahate haiM, jabaki nirgrantha praticchAdana rakhate haiN| 2 buddhaghoSa ke isa ullekha se bhI yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki nirgrantha nagara praveza Adi ke samaya jo eka vastra ( praticchAdana ) rakhate the, usase apanI nagnatA chipA lete the| isa prakAra mUla tripiTaka meM nirgrantha ko ekazATaka kahanA, puna: buddhaghoSa dvArA unake dvArA praticchAdana rakhane kA ullekha karanA aura mathurA se prApta nirgrantha muniyoM ke aMkana meM unheM eka vastra se apanI nagnatA chipAte hue dikhAnA - ye saba sAkSya yahI sUcita karate haiM ki uttara bhArata meM nirgrantha saMgha meM kama se kama I0 pU0 cauthI-tIsarI zatAbdI meM eka vastra rakhA jAtA thA aura yaha pravRtti buddhaghoSa ke kAla taka arthAt IsA kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI taka bhI pracalita thii| vastra ke sambandha meM yApanIya dRSTikoNa yApanIya paramparA kA eka prAcIna grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA hai| isameM do prakAra ke liMga batAye gaye haiM - 1. utsargaliMga ( acela ) aura 2. apavAdaliMga ( sacela ) / ArAdhanAkAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki saMlekhanA grahaNa karate samaya utsargaliMgadhArI acela zramaNa kA to utsargaliMga acelatA hI hotA hai, apavAdaliMgadhArI sacela zramaNa kA bhI yadi liMga prazasta hai to use bhI utsargaliMga arthAt acelakatva grahaNa karanA caahiye| TIkAkAra aparAjita ne yahA~ utsargaliMga kA artha spaSTa karate hue sakala parigraha tyAgarUpa acelakatva ke grahaNa ko hI utsargaliMga kahA hai| isI prakAra apavAda kI vyAkhyA karate hue kAraNa sahita parigraha ko apavAdaliMga kahA hai| agalI gAthA kI TIkA meM unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se sacelaliMga ko apavAdaliMga kahA hai| isake atirikta ArAdhanAkAra zivArya evaM TIkAkAra aparAjita ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki jinakA puruSa-cihna aprazasta ho arthAt liMga carmarahita ho, atidIrgha ho, aNDakoSa atisthUla ho tathA liMga bAra-bAra

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 97 uttejita hotA ho to unheM sAmAnya dazA meM to apavAdaliMga arthAt sacelaliMga hI denA hotA hai, kintu aise vyaktiyoM ko bhI saMlekhanA ke samaya ekAnta meM utsargaliMga arthAt acelakatva pradAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu usameM sabhI apavAdaliMgadhAriyoM ko saMlekhanA ke samaya acelaliMga grahaNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| Age ve spaSTa likhate haiM ki jinake svajana mahAna sampattizAlI, lajjAzIla aura mithyAdRSTi arthAt jainadharma ko nahIM mAnane vAle hoM, aise vyaktiyoM ke liye na kevala sAmAnya dazA meM apitu saMlekhanA ke samaya bhI apavAdaliMga arthAt sacelatA hI upayukta hotA hai|. __isa samagra carcA se spaSTataH yaha phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya sampradAya una vyaktiyoM ko, jo samRddhizAlI parivAroM se haiM, jo lajjAlu haiM tathA jinake parijana mithyAdRSTi haiM athavA jinake puruSacihna arthAt liMga carmarahita haiM, atidIrgha haiM, aNDakoSa sthUla haiM evaM liMga bAra-bAra uttejita hotA hai, ko apavAdika liMga dhAraNa karane kA nirdeza karatA hai| isa prakAra vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki uparyukta viziSTa paristhitiyoM meM vyakti sacela liMga dhAraNa kara sakatA hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki yApanIya paramparA yadyapi acelakatva para bala detI thI aura yaha bhI mAnatI thI ki samartha sAdhaka ko acelaliMga hI dhAraNa karanA cAhie kintu usake sAtha-sAtha vaha yaha mAnatI thI ki ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM sacela liMga bhI dhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ usakA zvetAmbara paramparA se spaSTa bheda yaha hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA jinakalpa kA viccheda batAkara acelaliMga kA niSedha kara rahI thI, vahA~ yApanIya paramparA samartha sAdhaka ke liye hara yuga meM acelatA kA samarthana karatI hai| jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA vastra-grahaNa ko sAmAnya niyama yA utsarga mArga mAnane lagI vahA~ yApanIya paramparA use apavAda mArga ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI rahI, ata: usake anusAra AgamoM meM jo vastra-pAtra sambandhI nirdeza haiM, ve mAtra ApavAdika sthitiyoM ke haiN| durbhAgya se mujhe yApanIya granthoM meM isa tathya kA kahIM spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milA ki ApavAdika liMga meM unheM kitane vastra yA pAtra rakhe jA sakate the| ___yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM yApanIya AcArya aparAjita sUri likhate haiM ki cela ( vastra ) kA grahaNa, parigraha kA upalakSaNa hai, ataH samasta prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga hI Acelakya hai| Acelakya ke lAbha yA samarthana meM Age ve likhate haiM - 1. acelakatva ke kAraNa tyAga dharma ( dasa dharmoM meM eka dharma ) meM pravRtti hotI hai|

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98 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 2. jo acela hotA hai, vahI akiMcana dharma ke pAlana meM tatpara hotA hai| 3. parigraha ( vastrAdi ) ke liye hiMsA ( Arambha ) meM pravRtti hotI hai, jo aparigrahI hai, vahI hiMsA ( Arambha ) nahIM karatA hai| ata: pUrNa ahiMsA ke pAlana ke liye acelatA Avazyaka hai| 4. parigraha ke liye hI jhUTha bolA jAtA hai| bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha ke abhAva meM jhUTha bolane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hotA, ata: acela-muni satya hI bolatA hai| 5. acela meM lAghava bhI hotA hai| 6. aceladharma kA pAlana karane vAle kA adatta kA tyAga bhI sampUrNa hotA hai kyoki parigraha kI icchA hone para hI binA dI huI vastu grahaNa karane meM pravRtti hotI hai| 7. parigraha ke nimitta kaSAya ( krodha ) hotA hai, ataH parigraha ke abhAva meM kSamA bhAva rahatA hai| 8. acela ko sundara yA sampanna hone kA mada bhI nahIM hotA, ata: usameM Arjava ( saralatA ) dharma bhI hotA hai| 9. acela meM mAyA ( chipAne kI pravRtti ) nahIM hotI, ata: usake Arjava ( saralatA ) dharma bhI hotA hai| 10. acela zIta, uSNa, daMza, macchara Adi parISahoM ko sahatA hai, ata: use ghora tapa bhI hotA hai| saMkSepa meM acelakatva ke pAlana meM sabhI dasa zramaNa dharmoM evaM paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana hotA hai| puna: acelakatva kI prazaMsA karate hue ve likhate haiM - 1. acelatA se zuddha saMyama kA pAlana hotA hai, pasIne, dhula aura maila se yukta vastra meM usI yoni vAle aura usake Azraya se rahane vAle trasa jIva tathA sthAvara jIva utpatra hote haiN| vastra dhAraNa karane se unheM bAdhA bhI utpatra hotI hai| jIvoM se saMsakta vastra dhAraNa karane vAle ke dvArA uThane, baiThane, sone, vastra ko phAr3ane, kATane, bA~dhane, dhone, kUTane, dhUpa meM DAlane se jIvoM ko bAdhA ( pIr3A) hotI hai, jisase mahAn asaMyama hotA hai| 2. acelatA se indriyoM para vijaya prApta hotI hai| jisa prakAra sau se yukta jaMgala meM vyakti bahuta sAvadhAna rahatA hai usI prakAra jo acela hotA hai vaha indriyoM ( kAmavAsanA ) para vijaya prApta karane meM pUrNatayA sAvadhAna rahatA hai

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 99 kyoMki aisA nahIM karane para zarIra meM vikAra ( kAmottejanA ) utpanna hone para lajjita honA par3atA hai| 3. acelatA kA tIsarA guNa kaSAyarahita honA hai, kyoMki vastra ke sadbhAva meM use coroM se chipAne ke liye mAyAcAra karanA hotA hai| vastra hone para mere pAsa sundara vastra hai, aisA ahaMkAra bhI ho sakatA hai, vastra ke chIne jAne para krodha tathA usakI prApti meM lobha bhI ho sakatA hai jabaki acelaka meM aise doSa utpanna nahIM hote haiN| - 4. savastra hone para suI, dhAgA, vastra Adi kI khoja meM tathA usake sIne, dhone, pratilekhanA Adi karane meM dhyAna aura svAdhyAya kA samaya naSTa hotA hai| acela ko dhyAna-svAdhyAya meM bAdhA nahIM hotii| 5. jisa prakAra binA chilake ( AvaraNa ) kA dhAnya niyama se zuddha hotA hai, kintu chilakeyukta dhAnya kI zuddhi niyama se nahIM hotI, vaha bhAjya hotI hai, usI prakAra jo acela hai usakI zuddhi nizcita hotI hai, kintu sacela kI zuddhi bhAjya hai ( evamacelavatiniyamAdeva bhAjyA sacele, bhagavatIArAdhanA-423 para vijayodayA TIkA, pR0 322 ), arthAt sacela kI zuddhi ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| yahA~ digambara paramparA aura yApanIya paramparA kA antara spaSTa hai| digambara paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki sacela mukta ( zuddha ) nahIM ho sakatA, cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na ho jabaki yApanIya paramparA yaha mAnatI hai ki strI, gRhastha aura anyatairthika sacela hokara bhI mukta ho sakate haiN| yahA~ bhAjya ( vikalpa ) zabda kA prayoga yApanIyoM kI udAra aura anekAntika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| 6. acelatA meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva hotA hai| rAga-dveSa bAhya dravya ke Alambana se hotA hai| parigraha ke abhAva meM Alambana kA abhAva hone se rAga-dveSa nahIM hote, jabaki sacela ko manojJa vastra ke prati rAga-bhAva ho sakatA hai| 7. acelaka zarIra ke prati upekSA bhAva rakhatA hai, tabhI to vaha zIta aura tApa ke kaSTa sahana karatA hai| 8. acelatA meM svAvalambana hotA hai aura dezAntara gamana meM kisI kI sahAyatA kI apekSA nahIM hotii| jisa prakAra pakSI apane paMkhoM ke sahAre cala detA hai, vaise hI vaha bhI pratilekhana ( pIchI ) lekara cala detA hai| 9. acelatA meM citta-vizuddhi prakaTa karane kA guNa hai - la~goTI Adi se DhaMkane se bhAva-zuddhi kA jJAna nahIM hotA hai| 10. acelatA meM nirbhayatA hai, kyoMki cora Adi kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa|

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100 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 11. sarvatra vizvAsa bhI acelatA kA guNa hai| na to vaha kisI para zaMkA karatA hai aura na koI usa para zaMkA karatA hai| 12. acelatA meM pratilekhanA kA abhAva hotA hai| caudaha prakAra kA parigraha rakhane vAloM ko jaisI pratilekhanA karanI hotI hai vaisI acela ko nahIM karanI hotii| 13. sacela ko lapeTanA, chor3anA, sInA, bA~dhanA, dhonA, ra~ganA Adi parikarma karane hote haiM jabaki acela ko ye parikarma nahIM karane hote| 14. tIrthaGkaroM ke anurUpa AcaraNa karanA ( jinakalpa kA AcaraNa ) bhI acelatA kA eka guNa hai| kyoMki saMhanana aura bala se pUrNa sabhI tIrthaGkara acela the aura bhaviSya meM bhI acela hI hoNge| jinapratimA aura gaNadhara bhI acela hote haiM aura unake ziSya bhI unhIM kI taraha acela hote haiN| jo savastra hai vaha jina ke anurUpa nahIM hai, arthAt jinakalpa kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai| 15. acela hI nirgrantha kahalA sakatA hai| yadi apane zarIra ko vastra se veSTita karake bhI apane ko nimrantha kahA jA sakatA hai, to phira anya paramparA ke sAdhu nimrantha kyoM nahIM kahe jAyeMge arthAt unheM bhI nirgrantha mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yApanIya paramparA spaSTa rUpa se acelakatva kI samarthaka hai| kintu unake sAmane eka samasyA yaha thI ki ve Aja zvetAmbara paramparA meM svIkRta una AgamoM kI mAthurI vAcanA ko mAnya karate the, jinameM vastrapAtrAdi grahaNa karane ke spaSTa ullekha the| ata: unake samakSa do prazna the - eka ora acelakatva kA samarthana karanA aura dUsarI ora Agamika ullekhoM kI acelakatva ke sandarbha meM samyak vyAkhyA krnaa| aparAjita sUri ne isa sambandha meM bhagavatIArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM jo samyak dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai vaha acelakatva ke Adarza ke sambandha meM yApanIyoM kI yathArtha dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| ___ aparAjita ne sarvaprathama AgamoM ke una sandarbho ko prastuta kiyA hai, jinameM vastra-pAtra sambandhI ullekha haiM, phira unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM -- 'AcArapraNidhi' arthAt dazavaikAlika ke AThaveM adhyAya meM kahA gayA hai ki pAtra aura kambala kI pratilekhanA karanI caahie| yadi pAtrAdi nahIM hote to unakI pratilekhanA kA kathana kyoM kiyA jAtA ? puna: AcArAMga' ke 'lokavicaya' nAmaka dUsare adhyayana ke pA~caveM uddezaka meM kahA gayA hai ki pratilekhana ( paDilehaNa ), pAdapoMchana ( pAyapucchana ), avagraha ( uggaha ), kaTAsana

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 101 ( kaDAsaNa ), caTAI Adi kI yAcanA kreN| puna: usake 'vastraiSaNA' 36 adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jo lajjAzIla hai vaha eka vastra dhAraNa kare, dUsarA pratilekhanA hetu rkhe| muMgita (deza-vizeSa ) meM do vastra dhAraNa kare aura tIsarA pratilekhanA hetu rakhe, yadi ( zIta ) parISaha sahana nahIM ho to tIna vastra dhAraNa kareM aura cauthA pratilekhanA hetu rkhe| puna: usake pAtraiSaNA meM kahA gayA hai ki lajjAzIla, juMgita arthAt jisake liMga Adi hInAdhika hoM tathA pAtrAdi rakhane vAle ke liye vastra rakhanA kalpatA hai| puna: usameM kahA gayA hai tumbI kA pAtra, lakar3I kA pAtra athavA miTTI kA pAtra yadi jIva, bIjAdi se rahita ho to grAhya hai| yadi vastra-pAtra grAhya nahIM hote to phira ye sUtra Agama meM kyoM Ate ? punaH AcArAMga" ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn eka varSa taka cIvaradhArI rahe, usake bAda acela ho gye| sAtha hI sUtrakRtAMga9 ke 'puNDarIka' nAmaka adhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki bhikSu, vastra aura pAtra ke liye dharmakathA na khe| nizItha * meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu akhaNDa-vastra aura kambala dhAraNa karatA hai use mAsa-laghu ( prAyazcitta kA eka prakAra ) prAyazcitta AtA hai| isa prakAra Agama meM vastra-grahaNa kI anujJA hone para bhI acelatA kA kathana kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue svayaM aparAjitasUri kahate haiM ki Agama meM kAraNa kI apekSA se AryikAoM ko vastra kI anujJA hai, yadi bhikSu lajjAlu hai athavA usakI jananendriya tvacArahita ho yA aNDakoSa lambe hoM athavA vaha parISaha ( zIta ) sahana karane meM akSama ho to use vastra dhAraNa karane kI anujJA hai| AcArAMga 2 meM hI kahA gayA hai ki saMyamAbhimukha strI-puruSa do prakAra ke hote haiM -- sarvazramaNAgata aura no-srvshrmnnaagt| unameM sarvazramaNAgata sthirAMga vAle pANi-pAtra bhikSu ko pratilekhana ke atirikta eka bhI vastra dhAraNa karanA yA chor3anA nahIM kalpatA hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki lajjA ke kAraNa aMgoM ke glAniyukta hone para deha ke juMgita ( vIbhatsa ) hone para athavA parISaha ( zItaparISaha ) sahana karane meM asamartha hone para vastra dhAraNa kre| punaH AcArAMga" meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai yadi aisA jAne kI zItaRtu ( hemanta ) samApta ho gayI hai to jIrNa vastra pratisthApita kara de arthAt unakA tyAga kara de| isa prakAra ( AgamoM meM ) kAraNa kI apekSA se vastra kA grahaNa kahA hai| jo upakaraNa kAraNa kI apekSA se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usake grahaNa karane kI vidhi aura gRhIta upakaraNa kA tyAga avazya kahA jAtA hai| ata: Agama meM vastra-pAtra kI jo caryA batAyI gayI hai vaha kAraNa kI apekSA se arthAt ApavAdika hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yApanIya saMgha mAtra ApavAdika sthiti meM

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102 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna vastra grahaNa ko svIkAra karatA thA aura utsarga mArga acelatA ko hI mAnatA thA / AcArAMga ke 'bhAvanA' nAmaka adhyayana meM mahAvIra ke eka varSa taka vastra yukta hone ke ullekha ko vaha vivAdAspada mAnatA thA / aparAjita ne isa sambandha meM vibhinna pravAdoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA haiM 45 jaise kucha kahate haiM ki vaha chaH mAsa meM kA~Te, zAkhA Adi se chinna ho gyaa| kucha kahate haiM ki eka varSa se kucha adhika hone para usa vastra ko khaNDalaka nAmaka brAhmaNa ne le liyaa| kucha kahate haiM ki vaha vastra vAyu se gira gayA aura bhagavAn ne usakI upekSA kara dii| koI kahate haiM ki vilambanakArI ne use jina ke kandhe para rakha diyA aadi| isa prakAra aneka vipratipattiyoM ke kAraNa aparAjita kI dRSTi meM isa kathana meM koI tathya nahIM hai / punaH aparAjita ne Agama se acelatA ke samarthaka aneka sUtra bhI uddhRta kiye haiM, 46 yathA " vastroM kA tyAga kara dene para bhikSu punaH vastra grahaNa nahIM karatA tathA acela hokara jina rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai| bhikSu yaha nahIM soce ki sacelaka sukhI hotA hai aura acelaka duHkhI hotA hai, ataH maiM sacelaka ho jAU~ / acela ko kabhI zIta bahuta satAtI hai, phira bhI vaha dhUpa kA vicAra na kre| mujha nirAvaraNa ke pAsa koI chAdana nahIM hai, ataH maiM agni kA sevana kara lU~ aisA bhI nahIM soce|" isI prakAra unhoMne uttarAdhyayana ke 23 veM adhyAya kI gAthAyeM uddhRta karake yaha batAyA ki pArzva kA dharma sAntarottara thaa| mahAvIra kA dharma to acelaka hI thA / punaH dazavaikAlika meM muni ko nagna aura muNDita kahA gayA hai| isase bhI Agama meM acelatA hI pratipAdya hai yaha siddha hotA hai| - isa samagra carcA ke AdhAra para yApanIya saMgha kA vastra sambandhI dRSTikoNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| unake isa dRSTikoNa ko saMkSepa meM nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. zvetAmbara paramparA, jo jinakalpa ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA ke dvArA vastra Adi ke sambandha meM mahAvIra kI vaikalpika vyavasthA ko samApta karake sacelakatva ko hI eka mAtra vikalpa banA rahI thI, yaha bAta yApanIyoM ko mAnya nahIM thI / 2. yApanIya yaha mAnate the ki jinakalpa kA viccheda suvidhAvAdiyoM kI apanI kalpanA hai| samartha sAdhaka ina paristhitiyoM meM yA isa yuga meM bhI acela raha sakatA hai| unake anusAra acelatA ( nagnatA ) hI jina kA Adarza mArga hai, ata: muni ko acela yA nagna hI rahanA cAhiye / 3. yApanIya ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM hI muni ke liye vastra kI grAhyatA ko svIkAra karate the, unakI dRSTi meM ye ApavAdika sthitiyA~ nimnalikhita thIM -

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 103 ( ka ) rAja-parivAra Adi atikulIna gharAne ke vyakti jana sAdhAraNa ke samakSa nagnatA chipAne ke liye vastra rakha sakate haiN| ( kha ) isI prakAra ve vyakti bhI jo adhika lajjAzIla haiM apanI nAnatA ko chipAne ke liye vastra rakha sakate haiN| (ga ) ve navayuvaka muni jo abhI apanI kAma-vAsanA ko pUrNata: vijita nahIM kara pAye haiM aura jinheM liMgottejana Adi ke kAraNa nirgrantha saMgha meM aura janasAdhAraNa meM pravAda kA pAtra bananA par3e, apavAda rUpa meM vastra rakha sakate (gha ) ve vyakti jinake liMga aura aNDakoSa vidrUpa haiM, ve saMlekhanA ke avasara ko chor3akara yAvajjIvana vastra dhAraNa karake hI rheN| (ca) ve vyakti jo zItAdi parISaha sahana karane meM sarvathA asamartha haiM, apavAda rUpa meM vastra rakha sakate haiN| (cha ) ve muni jo arza, bhagandara Adi kI vyAdhi se grasta hoM, bImArI kI sthiti meM vastra rakha sakate haiN| 4. jahA~ taka sAdhviyoM kA prazna thA yApanIya saMgha meM spaSTa rUpa se unheM vastra rakhane kI anujJA thii| yadyapi sAdhviyA~ bhI ekAnta meM saMlekhanA ke samaya jina-mudrA arthAt acelatA dhAraNa kara sakatI thii| ___ isa prakAra yApanIyoM kA Adarza acelakatva hI rahA, kintu apavAda mArga meM unhoMne vastra-pAtra kI grAhyatA bhI svIkAra kii| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki kaSAya tyAga aura rAgAtmakatA ko samApta karane ke liye sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga, jisameM vastra-tyAga bhI samAhita hai, Avazyaka hai, kintu ve digambara paramparA ke samAna ekAnta rUpa se yaha ghoSaNA nahIM karate haiM ki vastradhArI cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM nahIM ho, mukta nahIM ho sktaa| ve savastra meM bhI AdhyAtmika vizaddhi aura mukti kI bhajanIyatA arthAt sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra ve acelakatva sambandhI mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM digambara paramparA ke nikaTa khar3e hokara bhI apanA bhinna mata rakhate haiN| ve acelakatva ke Adarza ko svIkAra karake bhI savastra mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| puna: muni ke liye acelakatva kA purajora samarthana karake bhI ve yaha nahIM kahate haiM ki jo ApavAdika sthiti meM vastra dhAraNa kara rahA hai, vaha muni nahIM hai| jahA~ hamArI vartamAna digambara paramparA mAtra la~goTIdhArI ailaka, eka celaka yA do vastradhArI kSullaka ko muni na mAnakara utkRSTa zrAvaka hI mAnatI hai, vahA~ yApanIya paramparA aise vyaktiyoM kI gaNanA muni varga ke antargata hI karatI hai| aparAjita AcArAMga kA eka sandarbha dekara, jo

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104 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna vartamAna AcArAMga meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai, kahate haiM ki aise vyakti no-sarvazramaNAgata haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki savastra muni aMzataH zramaNa bhAva ko prApta hai| isa prakAra yApanIya ApavAdika sthitiyoM meM paristhitivaza vastra-grahaNa karane vAle zramaNoM ko zramaNa hI mAnate haiM, gRhastha nhiiN| yadyapi yApanIya aura digambara donoM hI acelakatva ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI vastra ke sambandha meM yApanIyoM kA dRSTikoNa apekSAkRta udAra evaM yathArthavAdI rahA hai| ApavAdika sthiti meM vastra-grahaNa, sacela kI mukti kI sambhAvanA, sacela strI aura puruSa donoM meM zramaNatva yA munitva kA sadabhAva - unheM acelatA ke prazna para digambara paramparA se bhinna karatA hai, jabaki AgamoM meM vastra-pAtra ke ullekha mAtra ApavAdika sthiti ke sUcaka haiM aura jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM haiM, yaha bAta unheM zvetAmbaroM se alaga karatI thii| jinakalpa evaM sthavirakalpa acelakatva evaM sacelakatva sambandhI isa carcA ke prasaMga meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI carcA bhI aprAsaMgika nahIM hogii| zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI jo carcA milatI hai, usase yaha phalita hotA hai ki prArambha meM acelatA arthAt nagnatA ko jinakalpa kA pramukha lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai, kintu kAlAntara meM jinakalpa zabda kI vyAkhyA meM kramazaH parivartana huA hai| jinakalpI kI kama se kama do upadhi mukhavastrikA aura rajoharaNa mAnI gaIM kintu oghaniyukti ke liye jinakalpa zabda kA sAmAnya artha to jina ke anusAra AcaraNa karanA hai| jinakalpa kI bAraha upadhiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| kAlAntara meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne ina sAdhuoM ko jinakalpI kahA jo gaccha kA parityAga karake ekAkI vihAra karate the tathA utsarga mArga ke hI anugAmI hote the| vastuta: jaba zvetAmbara paramparA meM acelatA kA poSaNa kiyA jAne lagA to jinakalpa kI paribhASA meM bhI antara huaa| nizIthacUrNi meM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kI paribhASA dete hue kahA hai ki jinakalpa meM mAtra utsarga mArga kA hI anusaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| ata: usameM kalpapratisevanA aura darpapratisevanA donoM kA arthAt apavAda ke avalambana kA hI niSedha hai jabaki sthavirakalpa meM utsarga aura apavAda donoM hI mArga svIkAra kiye gae haiN| yadyapi apavAda mArga meM bhI mAtra kalpapratisevanA ko hI mAnya kiyA gayA hai| darpapratisevanA ko kisI bhI sthiti meM mAnya nahIM kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya AgamoM meM prArambha meM to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samAna nagnatA ko grahaNa kara, kara-pAtra meM bhojana grahaNa karate hue apavAda rahita jo muni dharma kI kaThina sAdhanA kI jAtI hai, use hI jinakalpa kahA gayA hai

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 105 kintu kAlAntara meM isa paribhASA meM parivartana huaa| yApanIya paramparA meM jinakalpa kA ullekha hameM bhagavatIArAdhanA aura usakI vijayodayA TIkA meM milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "jo rAga-dveSa aura moha ko jIta cuke haiM, upasarga ko sahana karane meM samartha haiM, jina ke samAna ekAkI vihAra karate haiM, ve jinakalpI kahalAte haiN|" kSetra Adi kI apekSA se vivecana karate hue usameM Age kahA gayA hai ki jinakalpI sabhI karmabhUmiyoM aura sabhI kAloM meM hote haiN| isI prakAra cAritra kI dRSTi se ve sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya cAritra vAle hote haiN| ve sabhI tIrthaGkaroM ke tIrtha meM pAe jAte haiM aura janma kI apekSA se 30 varSa kI vaya aura muni-jIvana kI apekSA se 19 varSa kI dIkSA-paryAya vAle hote haiN| jJAna kI dRSTi se nava-dasa pUrva jJAna ke dhArI hote haiN| ve tInoM zubha lezyAoM se yukta hote haiM aura vajraRSabha nArAca-saMhanana ke dhAraka hote haiN| aparAjita ke atirikta jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA ullekha yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ke strImuktiprakaraNa meM bhI hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jinakalpa kI avadhAraNA zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya donoM paramparAoM meM lagabhaga samAna hI thii| mukhya antara yaha hai ki yApanIya paramparA meM jinakalpI ke dvArA vastra-grahaNa kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, kyoMki usameM muni ke liye vastra-pAtra kI svIkRti kevala apavAda mArga meM hai, utsarga mArga meM nahIM aura jinakalpI utsarga mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai| ata: yApanIya paramparA ke anusAra vaha kisI bhI sthiti meM vastra-pAtra nahIM rakha sktaa| vaha acela hI rahatA hai aura pANi-pAtrI hotA hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya granthoM ke anusAra jinakalpI acela bhI hotA hai aura sacela bhii| ve pANi-pAtrI bhI hote haiM aura sapAtra bhI hote haiN| odhaniyukti ( gAthA 78-79 ) meM upadhi ( sAmagrI ) ke AdhAra para jinakalpa ke bhI aneka bheda kiye gae haiN| isI prakAra nizIthabhASya meM bhI jinakalpI kI upAdhi ko lekara vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| usameM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pAtra kI apekSA se jinakalpI do prakAra ke hote haiM ---- pANipAtra arthAt binA pAtra vAle aura paatrdhaarii| isI prakAra vastra kI apekSA se bhI usameM jinakalpiyoM ke do prakAra batAe gae haiM ----acelaka aura scelk| puna: inakI upAdhi kI carcA karate hue kahA bayA hai ki acelaka aura pANipAtrabhojI jinakalpI hote haiM ve rajoharaNa aura mukhavastrikA ye do upakaraNa rakhate haiN| jo sapAtra aura savastra hote haiM unakI upadhi kI saMkhyA kama se kama tIna aura adhika se adhika bAraha hotI hai| sthavirakalpI

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106 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna kI jina caudaha upadhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unameM mAtraka aura cUlapaTTaka ye do upadhi jinakalpI nahIM rakhate haiN| yApanIyoM kI dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve zvetAmbaroM ke samAna jinakalpa kA viccheda nahIM maante| unake anusAra samartha sAdhaka sabhI kAloM meM jinakalpa ko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, jabaki zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra jinakalpI kevala tIrthaGkara kI upasthiti meM hI hotA hai| yadyapi yApanIyoM kI isa mAnyatA meM unakI hI vyAkhyAnusAra eka antarvirodha AtA hai, kyoMki unhoMne apanI jinakalpI kI vyAkhyA meM yaha mAnA hai ki jinakalpI nau-dasa pUrvadhArI aura prathama saMhanana ke dhAraka hote haiN| cU~ki unake anusAra bhI vartamAna meM pUrva jJAna aura prathama saMhanana ( vajra-RSabha-nArAca-saMhanana ) kA abhAva hai, ata: jinakalpa sarvakAloM meM kaise sambhava hogaa| ina do-tIna bAtoM ko chor3akara yApanIya aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM jinakalpa ke sambandha meM vizeSa antara nahIM hai| vizeSa jAnakArI ke liye bhagavatI-ArAdhanA kI TIkA aura bRhatkalpabhASya ke tatsambandhI vivaraNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| / jJAtavya hai ki digaMmbara-grantha gommaTasAra aura yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA kI TIkA meM jinakalpa ko lekara eka mahattvapUrNa antara parilakSita hotA hai, vaha yaha ki jahA~ gommaTasAra meM jinakalpI muni ko mAtra sAmAyika cAritra mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ bhagavatIArAdhanA meM unameM sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya aise do cAritra mAne gae haiN| vastuta: yaha antara isaliye AyA ki jaba digambara paramparA meM chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA artha mahAvratAropaNa se bhitra hokara prAyazcitta rUpa pUrva dIkSA paryAya ke cheda ke artha meM liyA gayA, to jinakalpI meM prAyazcitta rUpa chedopasthApanIya cAritra kA niSedha mAnanA Avazyaka ho gayA, kyoMki jinakalpI kI sAdhanA nirapavAda hotI hai| hameM jinakalpa aura sthavirakalpa kA ullekha prAya: zvetAmbara evaM yApanIya paramparA meM hI dekhane ko milA hai| digambara paramparA meM yApanIya prabhAvita granthoM ko chor3akara prAya: isa carcA kA abhAva hI hai| sandarbha 1. NiccelapANipattaM uvailaiM paramajiNa variMdehi / / ekko vi mokkhamaggo sesA ya amaggayA savve / / sUtraprAbhRta, 10 2. egayAecelae hoi sacele yAvi egayA / uttarAdhyayana, 2/13 3. ussaggiyaliMgakadassa liMgamussaggiyaM tayaM ceva / / avavAdiyaliMgassa vi pasatthamuvasaggiyaM liMgaM / / bhagavatIArAdhanA, 76

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 107 4. Navi sijjhai vatthadharo jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthayaro / ___Naggo vimokkha maggo sesAummaggayA savve / / sUtraprAbhRta, 23 5. ( a ) se bemi je ya aIyA je ya paDuppannA je ya AgamessA arahaMtA bhagavaMto je ya pavvayaMti je una pavvaissaMti sacce te sovahI dhammo desiavvotti kaTTa tithyadhammathAe esAeNudhammigati evaM devasUsamAyAe pavvaiMsu vA pavvayaMti vA pavvaisaMti v| AcArAMga 1/9/1.1 ( zIlAMka TIkA ), bhAga 1, pR0 273, siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, sUrata, 1935. ( ba ) savve'vi egadUseNa, niggayA jinavarA cuvviisN| .. Avazyakaniyukti 227, harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAvaka, zAMtipurI ( saurASTra ), 1989. 6. ( a ) Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA, 1258. (ba ) vahI, 1260. 7. acelago ya jo dhammo jo imosaMtaruttaro / desio vaddhamANeNa pAseNa ya mahAjasA / / uttarAdhyayana, 23/29 8. vahI, 23/24. 9. munayo vAtarazanA pizaGgA vasate malAH / vAtasyAnu dhAjima yati yaddevAso avikSata / / Rgveda, 10/136/2 10. Rgveda meM arhat aura RSabhavAcI RcAe~ : eka adhyayana, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, saMdhAna, aMka 7, rASTrIya mAnava saMskRti zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1993, pR0 22. 11. zrImadbhAgavata, 2/7/10. 12. ( a ) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 23/26. ( ba ) yathoktam ... purima pacchimANaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM acelaye pasatthe bhvi| uttarAdhyayana - nemicanda kI TIkA, Atmavallabha, graMthAMka 22, bAlApura, 1937, 2/13, pR0 22 para uddhRt| 13. uttarAdhyayana, 22/33-34. 14. vahI, 23/29. 15. 'jo imo' tti pazcAyaM sAntarANi vardhamAnasvAmiyatyapekSayA mAnavarNavizeSata: savizeSANi uttarANi - mahAmUlyatayA pradhAnAni prakramAd vastrANi yasmitrasau

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108 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna sAntarottaro dharmaH pArzvena dezita itIhAepyapekSyate / D uttarAdhyayana, nemicanda kRta sukhabodhAvRtti sahita, pR0 295, bAlApura, 23 / 12 vIra ni0 saM0 2463. 16. parisuddha juNNaM kucchita thovANNiyata DaNNa bhoga bhogehi muNayo mucchArahitA saMtehi acelayA hoti / / vizeSAvazyakabhASya, paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda, 3082, 1968. 17. ahapuNa evaM jANijjA - uvAikkaMte khalu hemaMte gimhe paDivatre ahAparijunnAI vatthAI pariTThavijjA, aduvA saMtaruttare aduvA obhacele aduvA egasADe aduvA acele / apagate zIte vastrANi tyAjyAni athavA kSetrAdiguNaddhimaNini vAte vAti satyAtmaparitulanArtha zItaparIkSArtha ca sAntarottaro bhavet sAntaramuttaraM prAvaraNIyaM yasya sa tathA, kvacitprAvRNoti kvacitpArzvavartti bibharti, zItAzaGkayA nAdyApi parityajati, athavAevamacela ekakalpaparityAgAt, dvikalpadhArItyarthaH athavA zanaiH-zanaiH zIteepagacchati sati dvitIyamapi kalpaM parityajeta tat ekazATakaH saMvRttaH athavA - eetyantike zItAbhAve tadapi parityajedatoecelo bhavati / AcArAMga ( zIlAMkavRtti ), 1/7/4, sUtra 209, pR0 251 uparokta 18. dekheM, 19. dekheM, uparokta 20. dekheM, uparokta 21. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrvapIThikA), gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI, vI0 ni0 saM0 2489, pR0 399. cevimeNa vattheNa taMsi hemaMte / 22. No tassa / / se pArae AvakahAe, eyaM khu aNudhammiyaM saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM jaM Na rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI taM vosajja vatthamaNagAre || - AyAro, 1/9/1 / 2 evaM 3 23. ( a ) yacca bhAvanAyAmuktaM varisaM cIvaradhArI teNa paramacelago jiNotti taduktaM vipratipattibahulatvAt / kathaM kecidvadanti tasminneva dine tadvastraM vIrajinasya vilambanakAriNA gRhItamiti / anye SaNmAsAcchinnaM tatkaNTakazAkhAdibhiriti / sAdhikena varSeNa tadvastraM khaNDalakabrAhmaNena gRhItamiti kecitkathayanti / kecidvAtena -- 1 -

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 109 patitamupekSitaM jineneti / apare vadanti vilambanakAriNA jinasya skandhe tadAropitamiti / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 423 kI vijayodayA TIkA, sampAdaka paM0 kailAzacandrajI, bhAga 1, pR0 325-326. kaNTakAvalagnaM dhigjAtinA ( ba ) tacca suvarNavAlukAnadIpUrAhata gRhItamiti / AcArAMga, zIlAMkavRtti, 1/9/1/44-45 kI vRtti. ( sa ) tahAvi suvaNabAlugAnadIpUre avahite kNttraalggN..| kimiti vuccati ciradhariyattA sahasA va lajjatA thaMDile cutaM Na vitti vippeNa keNati diTTha.. / AcArAMgacUrNi, RSabhadeva kesarImala saMsthA, ratalAma, pR0 300. ( da ) sAmI dakkhiNavAcAlAo uttaravAcAlaM vaccati, tattha suvvaNNakulAe vuliNe taM vatthaM kaMTiyAe laggaM tAhe taM thita sAmI gato puNo ya avaloita, kiM nimittaM ? ketI bhati jahA mamattIe anne bhAMti mA atthaMDile paDitaM, avaloitaM sulabha vatthaM pattaM sissANaM bhavissati ? taM ca bhagavaMtA ya terasamAse ahAbhAveNaM dhAriyaM tato vosariyaM pacchA acelate / taM eteNa pituvaMtasa dhijjAtiteNa gahitaM / AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR0 276. isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki unake vastratyAga ke sambandha meM jo vibhinna pravAda pracalita the unakA ullekha na kevala yApanIya apitu zvetAmbara AcArya bhI kara rahe the : 1 24. AcArAMga, zIlAMkavRtti, 1/9/1/1-4, pR0 273. 25. ( a ) savve'vi egadUseNa, niggayA jiNavarA cauvvIsaM / na ya nAma aNNaliMge, no gihiliMge -- ( ba ) bAvIsaM titthayarA sAmAiyasaMjama uvaisaMti / cheovaTThAvaNayaM puNa vayaMti usabho ya vIro ya / / - kuliMge vA 11 Avazyaka niryukti, 227. 26. ( a ) evamege u pAsatthA / sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/9 ( ba ) pAsatthAdIpaNayaM NiscaM vajjeha savvadhA tumhe / haMdi hu melaNadoseNa hoi purisassa tammayadA || - Avazyakaniryukti, 1260. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 341.

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110 jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 27. chakkAyarakkhaNaTThA pAyaggahaNaM jiNehiM patrataM / je ya guNA saMbhoe havaMti te pAyagahaNevi / / - oghaniyukti, 691. 28. niggaMthA eka saattkaa| majjhimanikAya --- mahAsiMhanAdasutta, 1/1/2 29. dekheM - dIghanikAya, anu0 bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyana evaM bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa, mahAbodhi sabhA, banArasa 1936, pAsAdikasutta 3/6, pR0 252 30. bhagavaI, patrarasaM sataM, 101-152, saM0 muni nathamala, jaina vizvabhAratI lADanUM, vi0 saM0 2131, pR0 677-694. 31. dekheM - dIghanikAya, pAsAdikasuttaM, 3/6, pR0 252. 32. dhammapada, aTTakathA, tRtIya bhAga, gAthA 489. 33. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, saM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1938, pR0 324 34. dhuvaM ca paDitmehejjA jogasA pAyakaMbalaM / sejjamuccAra bhUmiM ca saMthAraM aduvAsaNaM / / - dazavaikAlika, 8/17, navasuttANi, saM0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, 1967, pR0 68. 35. AcArAMga, 1/5/89, saM0 yuvAcArya madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti, vyaavr| 36. ( a ) esehirimaNe segaM vatthaM vA dhArejja paDilehaNagaM vidiyaM tattha ese jugni dese duve vatthANi dhArija paDilehaNagaM tdiyN| AcArAMga, vastraiSaNA - uddhRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324: ( ba ) je NiggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke virasaMghayaNe, se egaM vatthaM dhArejjA, No bitiyN| ---- AcAracUlA, dvitIyazrutaskandha, 2/5/1/2, pR0 161. 37. ( a ) hirimaNe vA juggide cAvi aNNage vA tassa NaM kappadi vatthAdikaM pAdacArittae iti| vahI, gAthA 423, pR0 324. ( ba ) je niggaMthe taruNe jugavaM balavaM appAyaMke thirasaMghayaNe, se egaM pAyaM dhArejjA, No biiyN| - AcArAMgasUtra, AcAracUlA, 2/6/1/2.

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna 38. saMvaccharaM sAhiyaM mAsaM jaM Na rikkAsi vatthagaM bhagavaM / acelae tato cAI, taM vosajja vatthamaNagAre / / AcArAMga, 1/9/1/4 39. ( a ) Na kahejjo dhammakahaM vatthapattAdihedumiti / -44 sUtrakRtAMga, puMDarIka adhyayana, uddhRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324. ( ba ) No pANassa ( pAyassa ) heuM dhammamAikkhejjA / No vatthassa heDaM dhamma mAikkhejjA | sUtrakRtAGga, 2/1/68, pR0 366. 40. ( a ) kasiNAI vatthakaMbalAI jo bhikkhU paDiggahidi Apajjadi mAsigaM lahugaM / 111 nizIthasUtra, 2 / 23, uddhRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324. ( ba ) je bhikkhU kasiNAraM vatthAiM dhareti, dharetaM vA sAtijjati / nizIthasUtra, 2 / 23, uddhRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324. 41. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324. 42. bhagavatI - ArAdhanA meM ullikhita prastuta sandarbha vartamAna AcArAMga meM anupalabdha hai| usameM mAtra sthirAMga muni ke liye eka vastra aura eka pAtra se adhika rakhane kI anujJA nahIM hai| sambhavataH yaha parivartana paravartI kAla meM huA hai| 43. ( a ) hirihetukaM va hoi dehaduguMchaMti dehe juggidage / dhArejja siyA vatthaM parissahANaM ca Na vihAsIti / / kalpasUtra se uddhRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, gAthA 423, pR0 324. ( ba ) prastuta sandarbha upalabdha bRhatkalpasUtra meM prApta nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi vastra dhAraNa karane ke ina kAraNoM kA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 3 meM nimna rUpa meM milatA hai - kappati NiggaMthANa vA NiggaMthINa vA o pAyAiM dhArita vA pariharittae vA, taMjahA - jaMgie - bhaMgie, khomie / ThANAMga, 3/345. 44. AcArAMga, zIlAMkavRtti, 1/7/4, sUtra, 209, pR0 251. 45. ( a ) bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, pR0 325-326. tulanIya AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 1, pR0 276. ,

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jainadharma meM acelakatva aura sacelakatva kA prazna ( ba ) AvazyakasUtraM (uttarabhAga) cUrNi sahita RSabhadeva, kezarImala zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma, 1929. 46. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA, pR0 326-327, pAlitripiTaka, kankorDensa, pR0 345. 47. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, bhAga 1 ( vijayodayA TIkA ), gAthA 157 kI TIkA, pR0 205. 48. ( a ) zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNam ( strI-mukti prakaraNam )-7, sampAdaka paM0 zambhunAtha tripAThI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1971, pR0 1. ( ba ) bRhatkalpasUtra 6/9, sampAdaka madhukara muni, byAvara, 1992. 49. ( a ) bRhatkalpasUtra 6/20. ( ba ) paJcakalpabhASya ( AgamasudhAsindhu ), 816-822.