Jain Agamo ki Mul Bhasha Ardhamagadhi ka Shaurseni

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Vijyanandsuri_Swargarohan_Shatabdi_Granth_012023.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210575/1

Page #1
jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA : ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI? pro.(DaoN.,sAgaramala jaina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI...2 vartamAna meM 'prAkRtavidyA' nAmaka zodhapatrikA ke bAda meM ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita kiyA gyaa| apane isa kathana mAdhyama se jainavidyA ke vidvAnoM kA eka varga Agraha ha ke pakSa meM ve zvetAmbara digaMbara kinhI bhI AgamoM kA pramANa na pratipAdana kara rahA hai ki jaina AgamoM kI mala bhASA zaurasenI dekara pro. TA~TiyA ke vyAkhyAna se kucha aMza uddhata karate haiN| prAkata thI, jise kAlAntara meM parivartita karake ardhamAgadhA DA. sudIpa jaina ne prAkRtavidyA janavarI-mArca 96 ke sampAdakIya banA diyA gyaa| isa varga kA yaha bhI dAvA hai ki zaurasenI meM unake kathana ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai-- prAkRta hI prAcInatama prAkRta hai aura anya sabhI prAkRteM yathA - "hAla hI meM lAlabahAdura zAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha meM sampanna mAgadhI, paizAcI, mahArASTrI Adi isI se vikasita huI haiM, ataH dvitIya AcArya kundakundasmRti vyAkhyAnamAlA meM vizvavizruta ve sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta se paravartI bhI haiN| isI krama meM digaMbara - bhASAzAstrI evaM dArzanika vicAraka pro. nathamala jI TA~TiyA ne paraMparA meM AgamoM ke rUpa meM mAnya AcArya kandakanda ke granthoM spaSTa rUpa se ghoSita kiyA ki zramaNa sAhitya kA prAcInarUpa, meM nihita ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI zabda rUpoM ko parivartita cAhe ve bauddhoM ke tripiTaka Adi hoM, zvetAmbaroM ke AcArAMgasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra Adi hoM athavA digaMbaroM ke SaTakhaNDAgamasUtra, kara unheM zaurasenI meM rUpAntarita karane kA eka suniyojita samayasAra Adi hoM, sabhI zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI nibaddha the| prayatna bhI kiyA jA rahA hai| isa samasta pracAra-prasAra ke pIche unhoMne Age sapramANa spaSTa kiyA ki bauddhoM ne bAda meM zrIlaMkA mUlabhUta uddezya yaha hai ki zvetAmbara-mAnya AgamoM ko digaMbara meM eka bRhatsaMgIti meM yojanApUrvaka zaurasenI meM nibaddha bauddhasAhitya paraMparA meM mAnya Agama tulya graMthoM se arvAcIna aura apane . kA mAgadhIkaraNa kiyA aura prAcIna zaurasenI nibaddha bauddha-sAhitya zaurasenI meM nibaddha Agama tulya graMthoM ko prAcIna siddha kiyA ke graMthoM ko agnisAt kara diyaa| isI prakAra zvetAmbara jaina jaae| isa pArasparika vivAda kA eka pariNAma yaha bhI ho rahA sAhitya kA bhI prAcIna rUpa zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI thA, jisakA hai ki zvetAmbara-digaMbara paraMparA ke bIca kaTutA kI khAI gaharI rUpa kramazaH ardhamAgadhI meM badala gyaa| yadi hama vartamAna hotI jA rahI hai aura isa saba meM eka niSpakSa bhASAzAstrIya ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko hI mUla zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya adhyayana ko pIche chor3a diyA jA rahA hai| prastuta nibaMdha meM maiM mAnane para jora deMge, to isa ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA Aja se paMdraha ina sabhI praznoM para zvetAmbara paraMparA meM Agama rUpa meM mAnya graMthoM sau varSa pahile astitva hI nahIM hone se isa sthiti meM hameM apane ke Aloka meM carcA karane kA prayatna kruuNgaa| Agama sAhitya ko bhI 500 I. ke paravartI mAnanA pdd'egaa|" kyA Agama sAhitya mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki Aja bhI AcArAMgasUtra Adi kI prAcIna pratiyoM meM zaurasenI ke zabdoM kI pracuratA milatI hai, nibaddha thA ? jabaki nae prakAzita saMskaraNoM meM una zabdoM kA ardhamAgadhIkaraNa yahA~ sarvaprathama maiM isa prazna kI carcA karanA cAhUMgA ki ho gayA hai| unhoMne kahA ki pakSavyAmoha ke kAraNa.aise parivartanoM kyA jaina Agama sAhitya mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thA se hama apane sAhitya kA prAcIna mUla rUpa kho rahe haiN| unhoMne aura use bAda meM parivartita karake ardhamAgadhI rUpa diyA gayA? spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA ki digaMbara jaina sAhitya meM hI zaurasenI bhASA kacha jaina vidyA ke vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jaina Agama ke prAcInarUpa sarakSita rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| sAhitya mUlataH zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha haA thA aura use nissaMdeha pro. TA~TiyA jaina aura bauddhavidyAoM ke variSThatama hrhrhrhrushaarugaaNcaarygaarurrrr rrrrrrwronugaarugaarNloo

Page #2
yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya vidvAnoM meM eka haiM aura unake kathana kA koI artha aura AdhAra avazya ho rahI hai| DA. sudIpajI prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitaMbara 96 bhI hogaa| kintu ye kathana unake apane haiM yA unheM apane pakSa kI meM DA. TA~TiyA jI ke ukta vyAkhyAnoM ke vicAra-binduoM ko puSTi hetu tor3a-mor3akara prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yaha eka vivAdAspada avikala rUpa se prastuta karate hue likhate haiM ki - 'haribhadra kA prazna hai? kyoMki eka ora tulasIprajJA ke sampAdaka kA kahanA hai sArA yogazataka dhavalA se hai| ki TA~TiyA jI ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve tulasIprajJA isakA tAtparya hai ki haribhadra ne yogazataka ko dhavalA ke (apraila-jUna 93.khaMDa 22,aMka 4) meM likhate haiM ki "DA. AdhAra para banAyA hai| kyA TA~TiyA jI jaise vidvAn ko nathamala TAMTiyA ne dillI kI eka patrikA meM chape aura unake itanA bhI itihAsa-bodha nahIM hai ki yogazataka ke kartA haribhadra nAma se pracArita isa kathana kA khaMDana kiyA hai ki mahAvIravANI sUri aura dhavalA ke kartA meM kauna pahale huA hai? yaha to aitihAsika zaurasenI prAkata meM nibaddha huii| unhoMne spaSTa mata prakaTa kiyA ki satya hai ki haribhadrasUri kA yogazataka (AThavIM zatI) dhavalA AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, sUtrakRtAMga aura dazavaikAlika meM (dasavIM zatI) se pUrvavartI hai| mujhe vizvAsa bhI nahIM hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA utkRSTa rUpa hai|" TA~TiyA jaisA vidvAn isa aitihAsika satya ko anadekhA kara de| dUsarI ora prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka DA. sudIpajI kA kahIM na kahIM unake nAma para koI bhrama khar3A kiyA jA rahA hai| DA. kathana hai ki unake vyAkhyAna kI Tepa hamAre pAsa upalabdha hai TAMTiyA jI ko apanI cuppI tor3akara bhrama kA nirAkaraNa karanA aura hamane use avikala rUpa se yathAvata diyA hai| mAtra itanA cAhie thaa| vastutaH yadi koI bhI carcA pramANoM ke AdhAra para hI nahIM DA. sudIpajI kA to yaha bhI kathana hai ki tulasIprajJA ke nahIM hotI hai to use mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, phira cAhe use khaNDana ke bAda bhI ve TA~TiyA jI se mile haiM aura TA~TiyAjI ne kitane hI bar3e vidvAn ne kyoM nahIM kahA ho| yadi vyakti kA hI unase kahA hai ki ve apane kathana para Aja bhI dRr3ha haiN|ttaaNttiyaajii mahattva mAnya hai to abhI saMyoga se TaoNTiyA jI se bhI variSTha ke isa kathana ko unhoMne prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitaMbara 96 ke aMtararASTrIya khyAti ke jaina bauddha vidyAoM ke mahAmanISI aura aMka meM nimna zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA -- svayaM TA~TiyA jI ke guru padma vibhUSaNa paM. dalasukha bhAI hamAre "maiM saMskRta vidyApITha kI vyAkhyAnamAlA meM prastata tathyoM bIca haiM, phira to unake kathana ko adhika pramANika mAnakara para parNatayA dRDha ha~ tathA yaha merI tathyAdhArita spaSTa avadhAraNA hai . prAkRtavidyA ke sampAdaka ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| khaira ye saba jisase vicalita hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai|" (pR. 9) prAstavika bAteM thIM, jinase yaha samajhA jA sake ki samasyA kyA hai? kaise utpanna huI aura prastuta saMgoSThI kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? yaha samasta vivAda do patrikAoM ke mAdhyama se donoM hameM to vyaktiyoM ke kathanoM yA vaktavyoM para na jAkara tathyoM ke sampAdakoM ke madhya hai, kintu isa vivAda meM satyatA kyA hai aura prakAza meM isakI samIkSA karanI hai ki AgAmoM kI mUlabhASA DA. TA~TiyA kA mUla mantavya kyA hai, isakA nirNaya to tabhI kyA thI aura ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI meM kauna prAcIna hai? saMbhava hai, jaba DA. TA~TiyA svayaM isa saMbaMdha meM likhita vaktavya dete, kintu ve isa saMbaMdha meM mauna rahe haiN| maiMne svayaM unheM patra likhA AgamoM kI mUlabhASA ardhamAgadhI thA, kintu unakA koI pratyuttara nahIM aayaa| maiM DA. TA~TiyA kI yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki mahAvIra kA janmasthAna ulajhana samajhatA hU~ eka ora kundakunda-bhAratI ne unheM kundakunda- aura kAryakSetra donoM hI makhya rUpa se magadha aura usake samIpavartI vyAkhyAna-mAlA meM Amantrita kara puraskRta kiyA hai, to dUsarI pradeza meM hI thA, ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki unhoMne jisa bhASA ora ve jaina vizvabhAratI kI sevA meM haiM, jaba jisa maMca se bole ko bolA hogA vaha samIpavartI kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI hoMge bhAvAveza meM unake anukUla vaktavya de die hoMge aura aba arthAt ardhamAgadhI rahI hogii| vyakti kI bhASA kabhI bhI apanI spaSTa khaNDana bhI kaise kareM? phira bhI merI antarAtmA yaha svIkAra mAtabhASA se aprabhAvita nahIM hotI hai| panaH zvetAmbara paramparA meM nahIM karatI hai ki DA. TATiyA jaisA gaMbhIra vidvAn binA pramANa mAnya jo bhI Agama sAhitya Aja upalabdha hai. usameM aneka aise ke aise vaktavya de de| kahIM na kahIM zabdoM kI koI jor3a-tor3a saMdarbha hai. jinameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ne ansaniduirdandiromabrdindidrionirdostonirominionia-[103ideredniaiduirdwordGrandirisordibandhronibidrivarta

Page #3
--- yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya apane upadeza ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM die the| mAtra yahI nahIM vartamAna meM bhI digaMbara paraMparA ke mahAna saMta isa saMbaMdha meM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya se kucha pramANa evaM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke pramukha ziSya muni zrI pramANa sAgarajI apanI pustaka jaina-dharmadarzana (pR. 40) meM likhate haiM ki una prastuta kie jA rahe haiM yathA-- bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza sarvagrAhya ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM huaa| 1. bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhmmmaaikkhi| samavAyAMga, jaba zvetAmbara aura digaMbara donoM hI paraMparAe~ yaha mAnakara samavAya 34, sUtra 22 cala rahI haiM ki bhagavAna kA upadeza ardhamAgadhI meM huA thA aura tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kuNiassa bhaMbhasAraputassa isI bhASA meM unake upadezoM ke AdhAra para AgamoM kA praNayana addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsatti arihAdhamma prikhi| - huA to phira zaurasenI ke nAma se nayA vivAda khar3A karake isa aupapAtika sUtra khAI ko caur3A kyoM kiyA jA rahA hai? yaha to Agamika pramANoM 3. goymaa| devANaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsaMti savi ya NaM kI carcA huii| vyAvahArika evaM aitihAsika tathya bhI isI kI addhamArgahA bhAsA bhAsijjamANI visjjti| bhagavaI, lADanUM puSTi karate haiM-- zataka 5,uddezaka 4,sUtra 93 1. yadi mahAvIra ne apane upadeza ardhamAgadhI meM die to tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre usabhadatta mAhaNassa devANaMdA yaha svAbhAvika hai ki gaNadharoM ne usI bhASA meM AgamoM kA mAhaNIe tIseya mahati mahaliyAe isiparisAe muNiparisAe praNayana kiyA hogaa| ataH siddha hai ki AgamoM kI mUlabhASA jaiparisAe...savva bhAsANugAmaNie sarassaIe kSetrIya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI arthAt ardhamAgadhI rahI hai| joyaNaNIhAriNAsareNaM addhamagahAe bhAsAe bhAsai dhamma / 2. isake viparIta zaurasenI Agama tulya mAnya granthoM meM prikhi| bhagavaI lADanUM zataka 9,uddezaka 33,sUtra 149 kisI eka bhI grantha meM eka bhI saMdarbha aisA nahIM hai, jisase yaha tae NaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAgIre jAmAlissa pratidhvanita bhI hotA ho ki AgamoM kI mUla bhASA zaurasenI khattiyakumArassa...addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsai dhamma prAkRta thii| unameM mAtra yaha ullekha hai ki tIrthaMkaroM kI jo vANI prikhi| bhagavaI lADanUM zataka 9.uddezaka 33,sUtra 163 / / khiratI hai, vaha sarvabhASArUpa pariNata hotI hai| usakA tAtparya 6. sattasattasamadarisIhiM addhamAgahAe bhAsAe suttaM uvdittuN| mAtra itanA hI hai ki unakI vANI jana sAdhAraNa ko AsAnI se AcArAMga cUrNi,jinadAsagaNi pR. 255 samajha meM AtI thii| vaha lokavANI thii| usameM magadha ke nikaTavartI kSetroM kI kSatrIya boliyoM ke zabda-rUpa bhI hote the aura yahI mAtra itanA hI nahIM, digaMbara paraMparA meM mAnya AcArya kundakunda kAraNa thA ki use mAgadhI na kahakara ardhamAgadhI kahA gayA thaa| ke grantha bodhapAhuDa, jo svayaM zaurasenI meM nibaddha hai, usakI TIkA meM digaMbara AcArya zrutasAgara jI likhate haiM ki bhagavAn 3. jo grantha jisa kSetra meM racita yA sampAdita hotA hai, mahAvIra ne ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM apanA upadeza diyaa| pramANa ke usakA vahA~ kI bolI se prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai| prAcIna lie TIkA ke anuvAda kA vaha aMza prastuta hai| 'adha' magadha deza stara ke jaina Agama yathA -AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga isibhAsiyAI bhASAtmaka aura ardha sarvabhASAtmaka bhagavAn kI dhvani khiratI (RSibhASita), uttarAdhyayana, dazavakAlika Adi magadha aura usake hai| zaMkA-ardhamAgadhI bhASA devakRta atizaya kaise ho sakatI hai samIpavartI kSetra meM racita haiM unameM isI kSetra ke nagaroM Adi kI kyoMki bhagavAna kI bhASA hI ardhamAgadhI hai? uttara-magadha deva ke sUcanAe~ haiN| mUla AgamoM meM eka bhI aisI sUcanA nahIM hai ki sAnidhya se hone se AcArya prabhAcandra ne nandIzvara bhakti ke artha mahAvIra ne bihAra, baMgAla aura pUrvI uttara pradeza se Age vihAra meM likhA hai "eka yojana taka bhagavAn kI vANI svayameva sunAI kiyA ho| ataH unakI bhASA ardhamAgadhI rahI hogii| detI hai| usake Age saMkhyAta yojanoM taka usa divyadhvani kA vistAra magadha jAti ke deva karate haiN| ataH ardhamAgadhI bhASA 4. punaH AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA pATalIputra meM aura devakRta hai| (SaTprAbhRtam caturtha bodhapAhuDa TIkA pR. 176/21) dUsarI vAcanA khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) meM huI, ye donoM kSetra mathurA se dUsara

Page #4
yatIndra sUri smArakagrantya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - paryApta dUrI para sthita haiM, ata: kama se kama prathama aura dvitIya AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana : vAcanA ke samaya taka arthAt I.pU. dUsarI zatI taka unake zaurasenI kaba aura kaise? meM rUpAntarita hone kA yA usase prabhAvita hone kA prazna hI nahIM yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki skaMdila kI isa mAthurI vAcanA uThatA hai| ke samaya hI samAnAntara rUpa se eka vAcanA valabhI (gujarAta) yaha satya hai ki usake pazcAt jaba jaina dharma evaM vidyA kA meM nAgArjana kI adhyakSatA meM haI thI aura isI kAla meM una para kendra pATalIputra se haTakara lagabhaga I. pU. prathama zatI meM mathurA madAgI bhAva bhI AyA kyoMki usa kSetra kI prAkata mahArASTrI banA to usa para zaurasenI kA prabhAva AnA prAraMbha huA ho| prAkRta thii| isI mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita Agama Aja taka yadyapi matharA se prApta dUsarI zatI taka ke abhilekhoM kA zaurasenI zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya haiN| ataH isa tathya ko bhI spaSTa rUpa se ke prabhAva se mukta honA yahI siddha karatA hai, jainAgamoM para samajha lenA cAhie ki AgamoM ke mahArASTI prabhAvita aura zaurasenI kA prabhAva dUsarI zatI ke pazcAt hI prAraMbha huA hogaa| zaurasenI prabhAvita saMskaraNa jo lagabhaga IsA kI catartha-paMcama sabhavataH phalgamitra (dasarA zatI) ke samaya yA usake bhI pazcAt zatI meM astitva meM Ae unakA mala AdhAra ardhamAgadhI skaMdila (caturtha zatI) kI mAthurI vAcanA ke samaya una para Agama hI the| yahA~ bhI jJAtavya hai ki na to skaMdila kI mAtharI zaurasenI prabhAva AyA thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki yApanIya paraMparA meM vAcanA meM aura na nAgArjuna kI valabhI vAcanA meM AgamoM kI vAcanA meM aura na nAgArjana kI valA mAnya AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, nizItha, kalpa Adi bhASA meM soca-samajha pUrvaka koI parivartana kiyA gayA thaa| jo Agama rahe haiM, ve zaurasenI se prabhAvita rahe haiN| yadi DA. TaoNTiyA vAstavikatA yaha hai ki usa yaga taka Agama kaNThastha cale A ne yaha kahA hai ki AcArAMga Adi zvetAmbara AgamoM kA zaurasenI rahe the aura koI bhI kaNThastha grantha svAbhAvika rUpa se kaNThastha prabhAvita saMskaraNa bhI thA, jo mathurA kSetra meM vikasita yApanIya karane vAle vyakti kI kSetrIya bolI se arthAta uccAraNazailI se paraMparA ko mAnya thA, to unakA kathana satya hai, kyoMki bhagavatI aprabhAvita nahIM raha sakatA hai, yahI kAraNa thA ki jo uttara ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM AcArAMga uttarAdhyayana, nizItha Adi ke / bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha mathurA meM ekatrita huA usake Agamajo saMdarbha die gae haiM, ve zaurasenI se prabhAvita hai| kintu isakA pATha usa kSetra kI bolI, zaurasenI se prabhAvita hue aura jo yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki AgamoM kI racanA zaurasenI meM huI thI pazcimI bhArata kA nirgrantha saMgha valabhI meM ekatra haA usake aura ve bAda meM ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita kie ge| jJAtavya hai Agama-pATha usa kSetra kI bolI mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita hue| ki yaha mAthurI vAcanA skaMdila ke samaya mahAvIra-nirvANa ke punaH yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki ina donoM vAcanAoM meM lagabhaga ATha sau varSa pazcAt huI thI aura usameM jina AgamoM kI sampAdita AgamoM kA mala AdhAra to ardhamAgadhI Agama hI the, vAcanA huI, ve sabhI usake pUrva astitva meM the| yApanIyoM ne yahI kAraNa ki aurasenI Agamana to zada zaurasenI meM haiM aura AgamoM ke isI zaurasenI prabhAvita saMskaraNa ko mAnya kiyA thA, na valabhI vAcanA ke Agama zaddha mahArASTrI meM hai. una donoM meM kintu digaMbaroM ke lie to, ve Agama bhI mAnya nahIM the, kyoMki ardhamAgadhI ke zabda-rUpa to upalabdha hote hI haiN| unake anusAra to isa mAthurI vAcanA ke lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva zaurasenI AgamoM meM to ardhamAgadhI ke sAtha-sAtha mahArASTrI hI Agama sAhitya to vilupta ho cukA thaa| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM prAkRta ke zabda rUpa bhI bahulatA se milate haiM, yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnya AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana bhASAvid unakI bhASA ko jaina-zaurasenI aura jaina - mahArASTrI dazavaikAlika, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi to I. pU. cauthI kahate haiN| durbhAgya to yaha hai ki jina zaurasenI AgamoM kI duhAI zatI se dUsarI zatI taka kI racanAe~ haiM, jise pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne dI jA rahI hai, unameM se aneka Agama 50 pratizata se adhika bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki mathurA kA jaina-vidyA-kendra ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita haiN| zvetAmbara aura ke rUpa meM vikAsa I.pU. prathama zatI se hI huA hai aura usake digaMbara mAnya AgamoM meM prAkRta ke rUpoM kA jo vaividhya hai, pazcAt hI ina AgamoM para zaurasenI prabhAva AyA hogaa| usake kAraNoM kI vistRta carcA maiMne apane lekha 'jaina AgamoM meM

Page #5
-catIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - huA bhASika svarUpa parivartana : eka vimarza' sAgara jaina vidyAbhAratI kSetrIya boliyoM kA mizraNa hotA gyaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba bhAga-1 pRSTha 239-243 meM kI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM usakA nimna pUrva kA bhikSu pazcimI predazoM meM adhika vihAra karatA hai to aMza dRzya hai-- usakI bhASA meM pUrva evaM pazcima donoM kI hI boliyoM kA prabhAva jaina Agamika evaM Agama rUpa meM mAnya ardhamAgadhI tathA A jAtA hai, phalataH unake dvArA kaNThastha Agama ke bhASika zaurasenI graMthoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana kyoM haA? isa svarUpa kI ekarUpatA samApta ho gii| prazna kA uttara aneka rUpoM meM diyA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH ina 4. sAmAnyatayA buddha ke vacana buddha ke nirvANa ke 200granthoM meM hue bhASika parivartanoM kA koI eka hI kAraNa nahIM hai, 300 varSa ke aMdara hI aMdara likhita rUpa meM A ge| ataH unake apitu aneka kAraNa haiM, jina para hama kramazaH vicAra kareMge - bhASika svarUpa meM unake racanAkAla ke bAda bahuta adhika 1. bhArata meM vaidika paraMparA meM veda-vacanoM ko maMtra rUpa meM parivartana nahIM AyA, tathApi unakI uccAraNa-zailI vibhinna dezoM meM bhinna-bhinna rahI hai| Aja bhI laMkA, barmA, thAIlaiMDa Adi dezoM mAnakara unake svara vyaMjana kI uccAraNa yojanA ko aparivartanIya / banAe rakhane para adhika bala diyA gayA, unake lie zabda aura ke bhikSuoM kA tripiTaka kA uccAraNa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai, phira bhI unake likhita svarUpa meM bahuta kucha ekarUpatA hai| isake dhvani hI mahattvapUrNa rahI aura artha gauNa rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki viparIta jaina Agamika evaM Agamatulya sAhitya eka sudIrghakAla Aja bhI aneka vedapAThI brAhmaNa aise haiM, jo vedamaMtroM kI uccAraNa taka likhita rUpa meM nahIM A sakA, vaha guruziSya paraMparA se zailI, laya Adi ke prati to atyaMta satarka rahate haiM, kintu ve maukhika hI calatA rahA, phalataH dezakAlagata uccAraNa-bheda se unake arthoM ko nahIM jAnate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki veda zabdarUpa unako lipibaddha karate samaya unake bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana meM yathAvat bane rhe| isake viparIta jaina paraMparA meM yaha mAnA gayA hotA gyaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, likhita pratilipiyoM ke pATha bhI ki tIrthaMkara artha ke upadeSTA hote haiN| unake vacanoM ko zabdarUpa pratilipikAroM kI asAvadhAnI yA kSetrIya bolI se prabhAvita to gaNadhara Adi ke dvArA diyA jAtA hai| ata: jainAcAryoM ke lie hue| zvetAmbara AgamoM kI pratilipiyA~ mukhyataH gujarAta evaM artha yA kathana kA tAtparya hI pramukha thA, unhoMne kabhI bhI zabdoM rAjasthAna meM huI, ataH una para mahArASTrI kA prabhAva A gyaa| para bala nahIM diyaa| zabdoM meM cAhe parivartana ho jAe, lekina arthoM meM parivartana nahIM honA cAhie, yahI jaina AcAryoM kA pramukha 5. bhArata meM kAgaja kA pracalana na hone se bhojapatroM yA tAr3apatroM para granthoM ko likhavAnA aura unheM surakSita rakhanA jaina lakSya rhaa| zabdarUpoM kI unakI isa upekSA ke phalasvarUpa AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM parivartana hote ge| isI krama meM IsA kI -muniyoM kI ahiMsA evaM aparigraha kI bhAvanA ke pratikUla thaa| lagabhaga I. san kI 5vIM zatI taka isa kArya ko pApa-pravRtti caturtha zatI meM ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke zaurasenI prabhAvita aura / mAnA jAtA thA tathA isake lie daNDa kI vyavasthA bhI thii| mahArASTrI prabhAvita saMskaraNa astitva meM aae| phalataH mahAvIra ke pazcAt lagabhaga 1000 varSa taka jaina sAhitya 2. Agama sAhitya meM jo bhASika parivartana hue unakA zrata paraMparA para hI AdhArita rhaa| zrutaparamparA para AdhArita hone dUsarA kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina-bhikSu - saMgha meM vibhinna pradezoM ke se AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM vaividhya A gyaa| bhikSu gaNa sammilita the| apanI-apanI prAdezika boliyoM se 6. Agamika evaM Agama tulya sAhitya meM Aja bhASika prabhAvita hone ke kAraNa unakI uccAraNa-zailI meM bhI svAbhAvika rUpoM kA jo vaividhya dekhA jAtA hai, usakA eka kAraNa lahiyoM bhinnatA rahatI thI, phalataH unake dvArA kaNThastha Agama sAhitya (pratilipikAroM) kI asAvadhAnI bhI rahI hai| pratilipikAra ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhinnatAe~ A giiN| jisa kSetra kA hotA thA, usa para bhI usa kSetra kI bolI, bhASA kA 3. jaina bhikSu sAmAnyatayA bhramaNazIla hote haiM, unakI prabhAva rahatA thA aura vaha asAvadhAnI se apanI prAdezika bolI bhramaNazIlatA ke kAraNa unakI boliyoM, bhASAoM para bhI anya ke zabdarUpoM ko likha detA thaa| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM cAhe pradezoM kI boliyoM kA prabhAva bhI par3atA hI thA, phalataH AgamoM mUlapATha meM gacchati likhA ho lekina yadi usa kSetra meM pracalana meM ke bhASika svarUpa meM bhI parivartana huA aura unameM tat tat gacchai kA vyavahAra hai to pratilipikAra gacchai rUpa hI likha degaa|

Page #6
yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya 7. jaina Agama evaM Agama tulya graMthoM meM Ae bhASika khokhalA hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM isase yaha bhI parivartanoM kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki ve vibhinna kAloM evaM siddha hotA hai ki zaurasenI Agamatulya graMtha na kevala ardhamAgadhI pradezoM meM sampAdita hote rahe haiN| sampAdakoM ne unake prAcIna se prabhAvita haiM, apitu usase paravartI mahArASTrI prAkRta se bhI svarUpa ko sthira rakhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA, apitu unheM sampAdita prabhAvita haiM-- karate samaya apane yuga evaM kSetra kI pracalita bhASA aura vyAkaraNa 1. AtmA ke lie ardhamAgadhI meM AtA, attA, appA, ke AdhAra para unameM parivartana bhI kara diyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Adi zabda-rUpoM ke prayoga upalabdha haiM. jabaki zaurasenI meM 'ta' ardhamAgadhI meM likhita Agama bhI jaba mathurA meM saMkalita evaM sampAdita hue to unakA bhASika svarUpa ardhamAgadhI kI apekSA sAtha-sAtha appA zabdarUpa jo ki ardhamAgadhI kA hai aneka bAra zaurasenI ke nikaTa ho gayA, aura jaba balabhI meM sampAdita kiye prayoga meM AtA hai| kevala samayasAra meM hI nahIM, apitu niyamasAra gae to vaha mahArASTrI se prabhAvita ho gyaa| yaha alaga bAta hai ki (120, 1321, 183) Adi meM bhI appA zabda kA prayoga hai| aisA parivartana sampUrNa rUpa meM na ho sakA aura usameM ardhamAgadhI ke tattva bhI bane rhe| ataH ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI AgamoM meM 2. zrRta kA zaurasenI rUpa sada banatA hai| zaurasenI Agamatulya bhASika svarUpa kA jo vaividhya hai vaha eka yathArthatA hai, jise hameM - granthoM meM aneka sthAnoM para suda sudakevalI Adi zabdarasoM ke prayoga svIkAra karanA hogaa| bhA hue haiM, jabaki samayasAra (varNI graMthamAlA) gAthA 9 evaM 10 meM spaSTa rUpa se suyakevalI, suyaNANa zabdarUpoM kA bhI prayoga milatA kyA zaurasenI AgamoM ke bhASika svarUpa meM hai| jabaki ye donoM mahArASTrI zabda-rUpa haiM aura paravatI bhI haiN| ekarupatA hai? ardhamAgadhI meM to sadaiva suta zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| kintu DA. sudIpa jaina kA dAvA hai ki "Aja bhI zaurasenI 3. zaurasenI meM madhyavartI 'ta' kA 'da' hotA hai sAtha hI Agama sAhitya meM bhASika tattva kI ekarUpatA hai, jabaki usameM lopa kI pravRtti atyalpa hai, ata: usake kriyArUpa havadi, ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhASA ke vividha rUpa pAye jAte hodi, kuNadi, giNhadi, pariNamadi, bhaNNadi, passadi Adi banate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa zaurasenI meM sarvatra 'Na' kA prayoga milatA hai. haiN| ina kriyA-rUpoM kA prayoga una granthoM meM bhI huA, kintu unhIM kahIM bhI 'na' kA prayoga nahIM hai| jabaki ardhamAgadhI meM nakAra ke granthoM ke kriyA-rUpoM para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA kitanA vyApaka sAtha-sAtha NakAra kA prayoga bhI vikalpataH milatA hai| yadi prabhAva hai, ise nimna udAharaNoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai - zaurasenI-yuga meM nakAra kA prayoga Agamika bhASA meM pracalita samayasAra, varNI graMthamAlA (vArANasI) - hotA to digambara sAhitya meM kahIM to vikalpa se prApta hotA hiiN|" - prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitaMbara 96,pR. 7 jANai (10), havaI (11, 315, 386, 384), muNai yahA~ DA. sudIpa jaina ne do bAteM uThAI haiM, prathama zaurasenI (32), vuccai (45), kuvvai (81, 286, 319, 321, 325, 340) pariNamai (76,79,80) (jJAtavya hai ki samayasAra ke Agama sAhitya kI bhASika ekarUpatA kI aura dUsarI NakAra isI saMskaraNa kI gAthA kra. 77, 78, 79 meM parigamadi rUpa bhI aura nakAra kii| "kyA sudIpa jI ! Apane zaurasenI Agama milatA hai) isI prakAra ke anya mahArASTrI prAkRta ke rUpa jaise sAhitya ke upalabdha saMskaraNoM kA bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se koI veyaI (84), kuNaI (71, 96, 289, 293, 322, 326), hoi pramANika adhyayana kiyA hai? yadi Apane kiyA hotA to Apa aisA khokhalA dAvA prastuta nahIM karate? Apa kevala NakAra kA (94, 306,19, 349, 358), karaI (94, 237, 238, 328, 348), havaI (141, 326, 329), jANai (185, 316, 319, hI udAharaNa kyoM dete haiM? vaha to mahArASTrI aura zaurasenI donoM meM / 320,361), bahai (189), sevai (197),marai (257,290), sAmAnya hai| dUsare zabdarUpoM kI carcA kyoM nahIM karate haiM? " nIce 24 (jabaki gAthA 258 meM maradi hai)| pAvai (291, 292), dhippai maiM digaMbara zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM se hI kucha udAharaNa de rahA hU~, jinase unake bhASikatattva kI ekarUpatA kA dAvA kitanA / (296), uppajjai (308), viNassai (312, 345), dIsai

Page #7
-- yatIndra sUri smArakagranya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya (323) Adi bhI milate haiN| ye to kucha hI udAharaNa haiM-aise jo digaMbara jaina samAja dvArA hI prakAzita haianekoM mahArASTrI prAkRta ke kriyArUpa samayasAra meM upalabdha haiN| 1. hAthIguphA bihAra kA zilAlekha-prAkRta, jaina samrAT khAravela, na kevala samayasAra apitu niyamasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra mauryakAla 165vA~. varSa pR. 4 lekha kramAMka 2, 'namo Adi kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| arahaMtAnaM, namo savasidhAnaM' . ___ bArahavIM zatI meM racita vasunandIkRta zrAvakAcAra (bhAratIya 32. vaikuNTha svargapurI guphA, udayagiri, ur3IsA, prAkRta, mauryakAla jJAnapITha saMskaraNa) kI sthiti to kundakunda ke ina granthoM se bhI 165 vA~ varSa lagabhaga I. pU. dUsarI zatI pR. 11 le.ka. badatara hai, usakI prAraMbha kI sau gAthAoM meM 40% kriyArUpa mahArASTrI prAkRta ke haiN| 3. mathurA, prAkRta, mahAkSatrapa zoDAzake 81 varSa kA pR. 12 isase phalita yaha hotA hai ki tathAkathita zaurasenI AgamoM kramAMka 5 'nama arahato vdhmaans|' ke bhASAgata svarUpa meM to ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI apekSA bhI na 4. mathurA, prAkRta, kAla nirdeza nahIM diyA hai, kintu je. epha. kevala adhika vaividhya hai, apitu usa mahArASTrI prAkRta kA bhI phalITa ke anusAra lagabhaga 14-13 I. pUrva prathama zatI vyApaka prabhAva hai, jise sudIpa jI zaurasenI se paravartI mAna rahe kA honI caahie| haiN| yadi ye grantha prAcIna hote to ina para ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI kA prabhAva kahA~ se AtA ? pro. e.ena. upAdhye ne pravacanasAra 'arahato vardhamAnasya kI bhUmikA meM spaSTata: yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki usakI bhASA 6. mathurA,prAkRta sambhavataH 14-13 I.pU. prathamazatI,pR. 15 para ardhamAgadhI kA prabhAva hai| pro. khar3abar3I ne to SaTakhaNDAgama lekha kra. 10, 'mA arahatapUjA' / kI bhASA ko bhI zuddha zaurasenI nahIM mAnA hai| 7. mathurA, prAkRta,pR. 17 kra. 14 'mA aratAnaM zramaNazravikA' / nakAra aura NakAra meM kauna prAcIna 8. mathurA prAkRta,pR. 17 kramAMka 15 'namo arahaMtAnaM', aba hama NakAra aura nakAra ke prazna para Ate haiN| bhAI 9. mathurA prAkRta,pR. 18 kra. 16 'namo arahato mahAvirasa' sudIpa jI ApakA yaha kathana satya hai ki ardhamAgadhI meM nakAra 10. mathurA, prAkRta,huviSka saMvat 39, hastistambha pR. 34, kra. aura NakAra donoM pAe jAte haiN| kintu digaMbara zaurasenI 43, 'ayaryena rudrAdAsena arahaMtanaM pjaaye|' AgamatulyagraMthoM ne sarvatra NakAra kA pAyA jAnA yahI siddha karatA 11. matharA.prAkRta bhagna varSa 93.pra. 46, kramAMka 67 namo hai ki jisa zaurasenI ko Apa ariSTanemi ke kAla se pracalita arhato mahAvirassa' prAcInatama prAkRta kahanA cAhate haiM, usa NakArapradhAna zaurasenI 12. mathurA prAkRta vAsudeva saM. 98, pR. 47 kra. 60, 'namo kA janma to IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka huA bhI nahIM thaa| 'Na' / arahato mahAvIrassa kI apekSA 'na' kA prayoga prAcIna hai| I.pU. tRtIya zatI ke azoka ke abhilekha evaM I.pU. dvitIya zatI ke khAravela ke zilAlekha 13. mathurA, prAkRta,pR. 48,kra.71 'namo arahaMtANa sihks|' se lekara mathurA ke zilAlekha (I.pU. dUsarI zatI se IsA kI 14. mathurA prAkRta, bhagna pR. 48.kra.72 'namo arahaMtAna', dUsarI zatI taka) ina lagabhaga 80 jaina zilAlekhoM meM eka bhI 15. mathurA, prAkRta,bhagna pR. 48, kra. 73 'namo arahaMtAna'. NakAra kA prayoga nahIM hai| inameM zaurasenI prAkRta ke rUpoM yathA 16. matharA, prAkRta bhagna pR.48 kra.75, arahaMtAna vardhamAnasya . Namo, arihaMtANaM aura Namo vaDDhamANaM kA sarvathA abhAva hai| 17. mathurA, prAkRta,bhagna pR.51, kra.80, namo arahaMtAna...dvana', yahA~ hama kevala unhIM prAcIna zilAlekhoM ko uddhRta kara rahe haiM, jina na pAloM kA yoga mAre jAtopI zarasena pradeza, jahA~ se zaurasenI prAkRta kA janma huA, abhilekhIya sAkSya jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha. bhAga-2 se prastata haiM. vahA~ ke zilAlekhoM meM dUsarI tIsarI zatI taka NakAra evaMda ke prayoga kA abhAva yahI siddha karatA hai ki digaMbara AgamoM evaM anohriranihriranianoonardoisonitorianoranciniawardM[108roniroraniroraniranitoriranioranirdroidnisonitorolind

Page #8
yatIndra sUri mArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - nATakoM kI zaurasenI kA janma IsA kI tIsarI zatI ke pUrva kA avazya hai ki inameM se kucha ke zaurasenI prAkRta se prabhAvita nahIM hai, jabaki nakAra pradhAna ardhamAgadhI kA prayoga to azoka saMskaraNa mAthurI vAcanA lagabhaga caturtha zatI ke samaya astitva ke abhilekhoM se arthAt I.pU. tIsarI zatI se siddha hotA hai| meM avazya Ae the, kintu inheM zaurasenI Agama kahanA ucita isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama prAcIna the, nahIM hogA, vastutaH ye AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika AgamoM kA zabda-rUpAntaraNa ardhamAgadhI se zaurasenI meM huA hai, RSibhASita Adi zvetAmbara paraMparA meM mAnya AgamoM ke hI na ki zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM huA hai| digaMbara mAnya AgamoM zaurasenI saMskaraNa the, jo yApanIya paraMparA meM mAnya the aura kI vaha zaurasenI jisakI prAcInatA kA bar3ha-car3hakara dAvA kiyA jinakI bhASika svarUpa aura kucha pATha bhedoM ko chor3akara zvetAmbara jAtA hai, vaha ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI donoM se hI prabhAvita hai mAnya AgamoM se samarUpatA thii| inake svarUpa Adi ke saMbaMdha meM aura na kevala bhASAyI svarUpa ke AdhAra para varan apanI vistRta carcA maiMne 'jaina dharma kA yApanIya saMpradAya' nAmaka grantha viSayavastu ke AdhAra para bhI IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI ke. ke tIsare adhyAya ke prAraMbha meM kI hai| icchuka pAThaka use vahA~ pUrva kI nahIM hai| dekha sakate haiN| yadi zaurasenI prAcInatama prAkata hai to phira samparNa deza meM vastutaH Aja jinheM hama zaurasenI Agama ke nAma se IsA kI tIsarI cauthI zatI taka kA eka bhI abhilekha zaurasenI jAnate haiM unameM mukhyataH nimna grantha Ate haiM-- prAkRta meM kyoM nahIM milatA hai| azoka ke abhilekha, khAravela (a) yApanIya Agama ke abhilekha, balaDI kA abhilekha aura mathurA ke zatAdhika bhilekha koI bhI to zaurasenI prAqata meM nahIM hai| ina sabhI 1. kaSAyapAhuDa lagabhaga IsA kI cauthI zatI. gaNadhara abhilekhoM kI bhASA kSetriya boliyoM se prabhAvita mAgadhI hI hai| 2.SaTakhaNDAgama, IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI kA uttarArddha, pRSpadaMta ataH use ardhamAgadhI to kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu zaurasenI aura bhUtabalI kadApi nahIM kahA jA sa hai| ataH prAkRtoM meM ardhamAgadhI hI 3. bhagavatIArAdhanA, IsA kI chaThI zatI, zivArya prAcIna hai, kyoMki mathurA kA prAcIna abhilekhoM meM bhI 'namo arahaMtAnaM', 'namo vadhamAnasa' Adi ardhamAgadhI zabda-rUpa milate haiN| zvetAmbara 4. mUlAcAra, IsA kI chaThI zatI, vaTTakera AgamoM evaM abhilekhoM meM Ae 'arahaMtAnaM' pATha ko to prAkRtavidyA jJAtavya hai ki ye sabhI grantha malataH yApanIya paraMparA ke haiM meM khoTe sikke kI taraha batAyA gayA hai. isakA artha hai ki yaha pATha aura inameM anekoM gAthAe~ zvetAmbara-mAnya AgamoM, vizeSa rUpa zaurasenI kA nahIM hai (prAkRtavidyA, akTUbara-disaMbara 94, pR. 10- se niyuktiyoM aura prakIrNakoM ke samarUpa haiN| 11) ataH zaurasenI usake bAda hI vikasita huI hai| (ba) kundakunda ke IsA kI chaThI zatI ke lagabhaga ke grantha zaurasenI Agama aura unakI prAcInatA 5. samayasAra jaba hama Agama kI bAta karate haiM to hameM yaha spaSTa rUpa se 6. niyamasAra samajha lenA cAhie ki AcArAMga Adi dvAdazAMgI jinheM zvetAmbara, 7. pravacanakAra digaMbara aura yApanIya paraMparA Agama kahakara ullekhita karatI 8. paMcAstikAyasAra haiM, ve sabhI mUlata: ardhamAgadhI meM nibaddha hue haiN| cAhe zvetAmbara paraMparA meM nandIsUtra meM ullekhita Agama ho, cAhe mUlAcAra, bhagavatI 9. aSTapAhuDa (inakA kundakunda dvArA racita honA saMdigdha ArAdhanA aura unakI TIkAoM yA tattvArtha aura usakI digaMbara hai, kyoMki inakI bhASA meM apabhraMza ke zabda-rUpa bhI haiM) TIkAoM meM ullekhita Agama ho, athavA aMgapaNNati evaM dhavalA (sa) anya graMtha-IsA kI chaThI zatI ke pazcAt ke aMga aura aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM ullekhita Agama hoM, unameM se 10. tiloyapaNNati-yativRSabha eka bhI aisA nahIM jo zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha thaa| hA~, itanA anoraridwaraniwaridrowdnodrianirdwordrobraridwoM[109Haririwaririramidsranirandirirdriraniraniranitariand

Page #9
___- yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - 11. lokavibhAga karate the| DA. sudIpa jI ke zabdoM meM ina donoM mahApuruSoM ke 12. jaMbudvIpapaNNati prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke mahAprabhAva se zUrasena janapada meM janmI zaurasenI prAkRta bhASA ko sampUrNa AryAvarta meM prasArita hone kA 13. aMgapaNNati suavasara milA thaa| (prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitaMbara 96, pR. 6) 14. kSapaNasAra yadi hama eka bAra unake isa kathana ko mAna bhI leM to prazna 15. gommaTasAra (dasavIM zatI) uThatA hai ki ariSTanemi ke pUrva nami mithilA meM janma the, kintu inameM se kasAyapAhaDa ko choDakara koI bhI grantha vAsupUjya campA meM janme the, supArzva, caMdraprabha aura zreyAMsa kAzI aisA nahIM hai, jo pA~cavIM zatI ke parva kA ho| ye sabhI grantha . janapada meM janme the, yahI nahIM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva aura guNasthAna siddhAMta evaM saptabhaMgI kI carcA avazya karate haiM aura maryAdA puruSottama rAma ayodhyA meM janme the| ye sabhI kSetra to magadha guNasthAna kI carcA jaina darzana meM pA~cavIM zatI se parva ke granthoM meM ke hI nikaTavartI kSetra haiM, ataH inakI mAtRbhASA to ardhamAgadhI rahI anapasthita hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM samavAyAMga aura Avazyaka. hogii| bhAI sudIpa jI ke anusAra yadi zaurasenI ariSTanemi jitanI niryakti meM do prakSipta gAthAoM ko choDakara gaNasthAna kI carcA prAcIna hai, to phira ardhamAgadhI to RSabha jitanI prAcIna siddha hotI pUrNataH anupasthita hai, jabaki SaTakhaNDAgama. malAcAra. hai, ataH zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI prAcIna hI hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA Adi granthoM meM aura kundakunda ke graMthoM meM yadi zaurasenI prAcIna hotI to sabhI prAcIna abhilekha inakI carcA pAI jAtI hai, ataH ye sabhI grantha unase paravartI haiN| aura prAcIna Agamika grantha zaurasenI meM milane the, kintu IsA isI prakAra umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra mUla aura usake svopajJa kI cauthI, pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva kA koI bhI grantha aura abhilekha bhASya meM bhI guNasthAna kI carcA anupasthita hai, jabaki isakI zaurasenI meM upalabdha kyoM nahIM hotA hai? paravartI TIkAe~ guNasthAna kI vistRta carcAe~ prastuta karatI haiN| nATakoM meM zaurasenI prAkata kI upalabdhatA ke AdhAra para umAsvAti kA kAla tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke lagabhaga haiN| ataH usakI prAcInatA kA guNagAna kiyA jAtA hai, maiM vinamratApUrvaka yaha nizcita hai ki guNasthAna kA siddhAMta pA~cavIM zatI meM astitva pUchanA cAhU~gA ki kyA ina upalabdha nATakoM meM koI bhI nATaka meM AyA hai| ata: zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha koI bhI grantha jo IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatI se pUrva kA hai? phira unheM zaurasenI guNasthAna kA ullekha kara rahA hai, IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva kA kI prAcInatA kA AdhAra kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| mAtra nATaka nahIM hai| prAcIna zaurasenI Agamatulya granthoM meM mAtra kasAyapAhuDa hI ___ hI nahIM, ve zaurasenI prAkRta eka bhI aisA grantha yA abhilekha aisA hai jo spaSTata: guNasthAnoM kA ullekha nahIM karatA hai, kintu dikhA deM jo ardhamAgadhI AgamoM aura mAgadhI-pradhAna azoka, usameM bhI prakArAntara se 12 guNasthAnoM kI carcA upalabdha hai, ataH khAravela Adi ke abhilekhoM se prAcIna ho| ardhamAgadhI ke yaha bhI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI una dasa avasthAoM, jinakA atirikta jisa mahArASTI prAkRta ko ve zaurasenI se paravartI batA ullekha AcArAMganiyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM hai, se paravartI aura rahe haiM, usameM hAla kI gAthA saptazatI lagabhaga prathama zatI meM guNasthAna siddhAMta ke vikAsa ke saMkramaNa kAla kI racanA hai, ataH racita hai aura zaurasenI ke kisI bhI grantha se prAcIna hai| usakA kAla bhI cauthI se pA~cavIM zatI ke bIca siddha hotA hai| puna: maiM DA. sudIpa ke nimna kathana kI ora pAThakoM kA zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA dAvA, kitanA khokhalA dhyAna dilAnA cAhU~gA, ve prAkRtavidyA, julAI-sitaMbara 96 meM zaurasenI kI prAcInatA kA gaNagAna isa AdhAra para bhI likhate haiM ki digabaroM ke graMtha usa zaurasenI prAkata meM hai. jisase kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha nArAyaNa kaSNa aura tIrthaMkara ariSTanemi mAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM kA janma huaa| isa saMbaMdha meM merA unase kI mAtabhASA rahI hai, kyoMki ina donoM mahApuruSoM kA janma zarasena nivedana hai ki mAgadhI ke saMbaMdha meM 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' (prAkRtameM huA thA aura ye zaurasenI prAkRta meM hI apanA vAka vyavahAra prakAza 11/2) isa kathana kI ve jo vyAkhyA kara rahe haiM, vaha bhrAnta hai aura ve svayaM bhI zaurasenI ke saMbaMdha meM 'prakRtiH saMskRtam'

Page #10
- yatIndra sUrismArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya prAkRtaprakAza 12/2. isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM prakRti kA janmadAtrI, mahArASTrI meM rUpAntarita hue na ki zaurasenI Agama ardhamAgadhI meM yaha artha asvIkAra kara cuke haiN| isakI vistRta samIkSA hamane rUpAntarita hue, ata: aitihAsika tathyoM kI avahelanA kara mAtra agrima pRSThoM meM kI hai| isake pratyuttara meM merA dUsarA tarka yaha hai kutarka karanA kahA~ taka ucita hai| ki yadi zaurasenI prAkRta graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI mAgadhI ke buddhavacanoM kI mUlabhASA mAgadhI thI, na ki zaurasenI - prAkRta AgamoM kI racanA huI, to unameM kisI bhI zaurasenI prAkRta ke graMtha kA ullekha kyoM nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AgamoM meM ve eka bhI zaurasenI ko mUlabhASA evaM mAgadhI se prAcIna siddha karane saMdarbha dikhA deM, jisameM bhagavatI-ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, SaTakhaNDAgama, hetu AdaraNAya prA. nathamalajA TATiya hetu AdaraNIya pro. nathamalajI TA~TiyA ke nAma se yaha bhI pracArita tiloyapaNNatti, pravacanasAra, samayasAra, niyamasAra Adi kA / kiyA jA rahA hai ki "zaurasenI pAli bhASA kI jananI hai, yaha ullekha huA ho| TIkAoM meM bhI malayagiri jI ne mAtra samayapAhuDa marA spaSTa citana h| pahala bAddhA ke gratha zArasanA ma tha unakA kA ullekha kiyA hai, isake viparIta mUlAcAra, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA jalA diyA gayA aura pAli meM likhA gyaa| prAkRta vidyA.jalAIaura SaTakhaNDAgama kI TIkAoM meM evaM tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi. sitaMbara 96,pR. 10 / rAjavArtika. zlokavArtika Adi sabhI digaMbara TIkAoM meM ina TA~TiyAjI jaisA bauddhavidyA kA prakANDa vidvAna aisI AgamoM evaM niyuktiyoM ke ullekha haiN| bhagavatIArAdhanA kI kapolakalpita bAta kaise kaha sakatA hai? yaha vicAraNIya hai| TIkA meM to AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa tathA nizItha se aneka kyA aisA koI bhI abhilekhIya yA sAhityika pramANa upalabdha avataraNa bhI die haiN| mUlAcAra meM na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM hai? jisake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla baddha - kA ullekha hai, apitu unakI saikar3oM gAthAe~ bhI haiN| mUlAcAra meM vacana zaurasenI meM the| yadi ho to AdaraNIya TaoNTiyA jI yA bhAI Avazyakaniyukti, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, caMdravedhyaka, sudIpajI use prastuta kareM, anyathA aisI AdhArahIna bAteM karanA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika Adi kI aneka gAthAe~ apane zaurasenI vidvAnoM ke lie zobhanIya nahIM hai| zabda-rUpoM meM yathAvat pAI jAtI haiN| yaha bAta to bauddha vidvAn svIkAra karate haiM ki mUla buddha - digaMbara paraMparA meM jo pratikramaNasUtra upalabdha hai, usameM vacana mAgadhI meM the aura kAlAntara meM unakI bhASA ko saMskArita jJAtasatra ke unhIM 19 adhyayanoM ke nAma milate haiM, jo vartamAna meM karake pAli meM likhA gyaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jisa zvetAmbara paraMparA meM upalabdha jJAtAdharmakathA meM upalabdha haiN| tArkika prakAra mAgadhI aura ardhamAgadhI meM kiMcit antara hai, usI prakAra dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki jo graMtha jina-jina granthoM kA ullekha mAgadhI aura pAli meM bhI kiMcita antara hai, vastuta: to pAli karatA hai, vaha unase paravartI hI hotA hai| pUrvavartI kadApi nhiiN| bhagavAn buddha kI mUlabhASA mAgadhI kA eka saMskArita rUpa hai, zaurasenI Agama yA Agamatulya granthoM meM yadi ardhamAgadhI AgamoM yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha vidvAna pAli ko gAgadhI kA hI eka ke nAma milate haiM to phira zaurasenI aura usakA racita sAhitya prakAra mAnate haiM. donoM meM bahata adhika aMtara nahIM hai| pAli. ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se prAcIna kaise ho sakatA hai? saMskRta aura mAgadhI kI madhyavartI bhASA hai yA mAgadhI kA hI AdaraNIya TA~TiyA jI ke mAdhyama se yaha bAta bhI uThAI sAhityika rUpa hai| yaha to pramANasiddha hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne gaI hai ki malataH Agama zaurasenI meM racita the aura kAlAntara meM mAgadhI meM hI apane upadeza die the, kyoMki bauddha - granthoM kA unakA ardhamAgadhIkaraNa (mahArASTrIkaraNa) kiyA gyaa| yaha eka spaSTa mantavya hai ki mAgadhI hI mUla bhASA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM aitihAsika satya hai ki jaina dharma kA udbhava magadha meM huA aura buddhaghoSa kA nimna kathana sabase bar3A pramANa hai - vahIM se vaha dakSiNI evaM uttarapazcimI bhArata meM phailaa| ata: sA mAgadhI mUla bhAsA narAyAya aadikppikaa| AvazyakatA huI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI brahmaNo ca assutAlApA saMbuddhA cApi bhaasre| rUpAntaraNa kI, na ki zaurasenI AgamoM ke ardhamAgadhI rUpAntara . arthAt mAgadhI hI mUlabhASA hai jo sRSTi ke prAraMbha meM utpanna kii| satya to yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI zaurasenI yA haI aura na kevala brahmA (devatA) apitu bAlaka aura buddha bhI

Page #11
- yatIndra sUri smArakagranya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - isI bhASA meM bolate haiN| (See-The preface to the childer's Pali - vararucikRta praakRtprkaash| Dictionary) ba. 1. zeSa zaurasenIvat 8 / 4 / 302 isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki mUla buddhavacana mAgadhI meM . mAgadhyAM yaduktaM tatoanyacchaurasenIvad drssttvym| the| pAli usI mAgadhI kA saMskArita sAhityika rUpa hai, jisameM kAlAntara meM buddhavacana likhe ge| vastutaH pAli ke rUpa meM 2. zeSaM zaurasenIvata 8 / 4 / 323 mAgadhI kA eka aisA saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA gayA, jise saMskRta paizAcyAM yaduktaM, tatoanyaccheSaM paizAcyAM zaurasenIvada ke vidvAna aura bhinna-bhinna prAMtoM ke loga bhI AsAnI se samajha bhvti| skeN| ata: buddhavacana mUlataH mAgadhI meM the, na ki zaurasenI meN| bauddhatripiTaka kI pAli aura jaina AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI meM 3. zeSaM zaurasenIvat 8 / 4 / 446 kitanA sAmya hai, yaha to suttanipAta aura isibhAsiyAI ke __ apabhraMze prAyaH zaurasenIvat kArya bhvti| apabhraMzabhASAyAM tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prAcIna pAli-granthoM prAyaH zaurasenIbhASAtulyaM kAryaM jAyate,zaurasenI bhASAyAH ye niyamAH kI evaM prAcIna ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI bhASA meM adhika dUrI santi, teSAM pravRttirapabhraMzabhASAyAmapi jaayte| hemacandrakRta nahIM hai| jisa samaya ardhamAgadhI aura pAli meM grantharacanA ho rahI praakRtvyaakrnn| thI, usa samaya taka zaurasenI eka bolI thI, na ki eka sAhityika bhaassaa| sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM usakA janma to IsA kI ata: isa prasaMga meM yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama sarvaprathama ina tIsarI zatAbdI ke bAda hI haA hai| saMskRta ke pazcAta sarvaprathama sUtroM meM prakRti zabda kA vAstavika tAtparya kyA hai, ise smjheN| sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM yadi koI bhASA vikasita huI hai to yadi hama yahA~ prakRti kA artha udbhava kA kAraNa mAnate haiM to ve ardhamAgadhI evaM pAli hI haiM, na ki shaursenii| zaurasenI kA nizcita hI ina sUtroM se yaha phalita hotA hai ki mAgadhI yA paizAcI koI bhI grantha yA nATakoM ke aMza IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI kA udbhava zaurasenI se huA, kintu zaurasenI ko ekamAtra prAcIna se pUrva ke nahIM hai, jabaki pAlitripiTaka aura ardhamAgadhI bhASA mAnane vAle tathA mAgadhI aura paizAcI ko usase udabhata Agama sAhitya ke aneka grantha I.pa. tIsarI-cauthI zatI meM mAnane vAle ye vidvAn vararuci ke usa sUtra ko bhI uddhRta kyoM nirmita ho cuke the| nahIM karate, jisameM zaurasenI kI prakRti saMskRta batAI gaI hai yathA . "zaurasenI - 12/1- TIkA zUrasenAnAM bhASA zaurasenI sA ca 'prakRti : zaurasenI' kA samyaka artha lakSyalakSaNAbhyAM spuTIkiyate iti veditvym| jo vidvAn mAgadhI yA ardhamAgadhI ko zaurasenI se paravartI adhikArasUtrametadAparicchedasamApte: 12/1 prakRti: saMskRtama 12/ pI se vikasita mAnate haiM ve apane kathana kA AdhAra 2 TIkA-zaurasenyAM ye zabdAsteSAM prakRtiH sNskRtm| prAkRta prakAza vararuci (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) ke prAkRtaprakAza aura hemacandra 12/2" ataH ukta sUtra ke AdhAra para hameM yaha bhI svIkAra (lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI) ke prAkRtavyAkaraNa ke nimna sUtroM ko karanA hogA ki zaurasenI prAkRta saMskRta se utpanna huii| isa batAte haiM prakAra prakRti kA artha udgama sthala karane para usI prAkRtaprakAza ke AdhAra para yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki mUlabhASA saMskRta thI a. 1. prakRtiH zaurasenI 10/2 aura usI se zaurasenI utpanna huii| kyA zaurasenI ke pakSadhara isa asyAH paizAcyAH prakRtiH shaursenii| sthitAyAM zaurasenyAM satya ko svIkAra karane ko taiyAra haiN| bhAI sudIpajI jo zaurasenI paizAcI-lakSaNaM prvrtyitvym| ke pakSadhara haiM aura prakRti : zaurasenI ke AdhAra para mAgadhI ko / zaurasenI se utpanna batAte haiM, ve svayaM bhI prakRtiH saMskRtam2. prakRtiH zaurasenI 11(21 prAkRtaprakAza 12/2 ke AdhAra para yaha mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hai asyAH mAgadhyAH prakRtiH zaurasenIti veditvym| ki prakRti kA artha usase utpanna huI aisA hai| ve svayaM likhate haiM

Page #12
- yatIndra sUri tArakagranya jaina Agama evaM sAhitya OM - jitane bhI prAkRta-vyAkaraNazAstra upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI aura usake vibhinna bheda arthAt vibhinna sAhityika prAkRteM haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM haiM evaM saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke mADala para nirmita satya yaha hai ki bolI ke rUpa meM to prAkRteM hI prAcIna haiM aura haiN| ataeva unameM prakRtiH saMskRtam jaise prayoga dekhakara katipayajana saMskRta unakA saMskArita rUpa hai, vastutaH saMskRta vibhinna prAkRta aisA bhrama karane lagate haiM ki prAkRtabhASA saMskRtabhASA se utpanna boliyoM ke bIca setu kA kAma karane vAlI eka sAmAnya sAhityika huI, aisA artha kadApi nahIM hai| prAkRtavidyA julAI-sitaMbara 96, bhASA ke rUpa meM astitva meM aaii| pR. 14 / bhAI sudIpajI jaba zaurasenI kI bArI AtI hai, taba . yadi hama bhASA-vikAsa kI dRSTi se isa prazna para carcA kareM Apa prakRti kA artha AdhAra mADala kareM aura jaba mAgadhI kA to bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki saMskRta suparimArjita, suvyavasthita aura prazna Ae taba Apa prakRtiH zaurasenI kA artha mAgadhI zaurasenI vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para sunibaddha bhASA hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate se utpanna huI aisA kareM yaha doharA mApadaNDa kyoM? kyA kevala haiM ki saMskRta se prAkRteM nirmita huI haiM, to hameM yaha bhI mAnanA * zaurasenI ko prAcIna aura mAgadhI ko arvAcIna batAne ke lie? hogA ki mAnava jAti apane AdikAla meM vyAkaraNa zAstra ke vastutaH prAkRta aura saskRta zabda svaya hA isa bAta ke pramANa hai niyamoM se saMskArita saMskata bhASA bolatI thI aura usI se ki unameM malabhASA kauna hai? saMskRta zabda svayaM hI isa bAta kA apabhraSTa hokara zaurasenI aura zaurasenI se apabhraSTa hokara mAgadhI.. sUcaka hai ki saMskRta svAbhAvika yA mUlabhASA na hokara eka paizAcI, apabhraMza Adi bhASAe~ nirmita huii| isakA artha yaha bhI saMskArita kRtrima bhASA hai| prAkRta zabdoM evaM zabdarUpoM kA nAma jAtiko hogA ki mAnava jAti kI mUla bhASA arthAt saMskRta se apabhraSTa vyAkaraNa dvArA saMskAra karake jo bhASA nirmita hotI hai, use hI hote-hote hI vibhinna bhASAoM kA janma huA, kintu mAnava saskRta kahA jA sakatA hai| jisa saskArita na kiyA gayA ho vaha jAti aura mAnavIya saMskRti ke vikAsa kA vaijJAnika itihAsa saMskRta kaise hogI? vastutaH prAkRta svAbhAvika yA sahaja bhASA hai isa bAta ko kabhI bhI svIkAra nahIM kregaa| aura usI ko saMskArita karake saMskRta bhASA nirmita huI hai| isa dRSTi se prAkRta mUlabhASA hai aura saMskRta usase udbhUta huI hai| vaha to yahI mAnatA hai ki mAnavIya boliyoM ke saMskAra dvArA hI vibhinna sAhityika bhASAe~ astitva meM AI arthAt hemacandra ke pUrva namisAdhu ne rudraTa ke kAvyAlaGkAra kI vibhinna boliyoM se hI vibhinna bhASAoM kA janma haA hai| vastataH TIkA meM prAkRta aura saMskRta zabda kA artha spaSTa kara diyA hai| isa vivAda ke mUla meM sAhityika bhASA aura lokabhASA arthAt ve likhate haiM-- bolI ke aMtara ko nahIM samajha pAnA hai| vastutaH prAkRteM apane. sakala jagajjantunAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhitasaMskAra: sahajo mUlasvarUpa meM bhASAe~ na hokara boliyA~ rahI haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha bhI vacanavyApAra: prakRtiH tatra bhavaM saiva vA praakRtm| ArisavayaNe dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki prAkRta koI eka bolI nahIM apitu siddhaM, devANaM addhamAgahA vANI ityAdi,vacanAdvA prAk pUrvakRt bolI-samUha kA nAma hai| jisa prakAra prAraMbha meM vibhinna prAkRtoM praakRtm| bAlamahilAdisubodhaM sakalabhASAnindhanabhUta arthAt boliyoM ko saMskArita karake eka sAmAnya vaidika bhASA vcnmucyte| meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpaM tadeva ca kA nirmANa huA, usI prakAra kAlakrama meM vibhinna boliyoM ko dezavizeSAtsaMskArakaraNAt ca samAsAdita vizeSa sat saMskRtAduttara alaga-alaga rUpa meM saMskArita karake unase vibhinna sAhityika bhedonaapnoti| kAvyAlaMkAra -TIkA, namisAdhu 2/12 prAkRtoM kA nirmANa huaa| ata: yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki arthAt jo saMsAra ke prANiyoM kA vyAkaraNa Adi saMskAra bolI ke rUpa meM prAkRteM mUla evaM prAcIna hai aura unhIM se saMskRta se saMhita sahaja vacana vyApAra hai usase niHsata bhASA prAkata hai kA vikAsa eka kAmana bhASA ke rUpa meM huaa| prAqateM boliyA~ jo bAlaka, mahilA Adi ke lie bhI sabodha hai aura parva meM aura saMskRta bhASA hai| bolI ko vyAkaraNa se saMskArita karake nirmita hone se (prAka + kRta) sabhI bhASAoM kI racanA kA ___ ekarUpatA dene se bhASA kA vikAsa hotA hai| AdhAra hai vaha to megha se nirmukta jala kI taraha sahaja hai usI kA bhASA se bolI kA vikAsa nahIM hotA hai| vibhinna prAkRta deza-pradeza ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA saMskArita rUpa saMskRta boliyoM ko Age calakara vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM se saMskArita anitariasardarosamirmirandiindaindiandutorsrini113dioidiosaritambarsamirsidasardaroramidarsrande

Page #13
- yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - kiyA gayA to unase vibhinna prAkRtoM kA janma huaa| jaise zvetAmbara Agama zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue| apitu mAgadhI bolI se mAgadhI prAkRta kA, zaurasenI bolI se zaurasenI isase to yahI phalita hotA hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI zaurasenI prAkRta kA aura mahArASTra kI bolI se mahArASTrI prAkRta kA vikAsa meM rUpAntarita hue haiN| punaH ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke svarUpa ke huaa| prAkRta ke zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, mahArASTrI Adi bheda saMbaMdha meM digaMbara vidvAnoM meM jo bhrAMti pracalita rahI hai usakA yahA~ tat-tat pradezoM kI boliyoM se utpanna hue haiM na ki kisI prAkRta spaSTIkaraNa bhI Avazyaka hai| saMbhavataH ye vidvAn ardhamAgadhI vizeSa se| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki koI bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa aura mahArASTrI ke aMtara ko spaSTa rUpa se nahIM samajha pAe haiM tathA sAtavIM zatI se pUrva kA nahIM hai| sAtha hI unameM pratyeka prAkRta ke sAmAnyataH ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ko paryAyavAcI mAnakara lie alaga-alaga maoNDala apanAe gaye haiN| vararuci ke lie hI calate rhe| yahI kAraNa hai ki upAdhye jaise vidvAn bhI 'ya' zaurasenI kI prakRti saMskRta hai| jabaki hemacandra ke lie zaurasenI zruti ko ardhamAgadhI kA lakSaNa batAte haiN| jabaki vaha mUlataH (mahArASTrI) prAkRta hai, ataH prakRti kA artha Adarza mahArASTrI prAkRta kA lakSaNa hai, na ki ardhamAgadhI kaa| ardhamAgadhI yA maoNDala hai| anyathA hemacandra ke zaurasenI ke saMbaMdha meM 'zeSaM toya' zruti pradhAna nahIM hai| prAkRtavat' (8.4.286) kA artha hogA, zaurasenI mahArASTrI se yaha satya hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM utpanna huI, jo zaurasenI ke pakSadharoM ko mAnya nahIM hogaa| kAlakrama meM parivartana hue haiM aura usa para mahArASTI prAkRta kI ya' kyA ardhagAmadhI-Agama mUlataH zaurasenI meM the? zruti kA prabhAva AyA hai, kintu yaha mAnanA pUrNataH mithyA hai ki zvetAmbara AgamoM kA zaurasenI se ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntaraNa huA ___prAkRtavidyA, janavarI-mArca 96 ke sampAdakIya meM DaoN. hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI Agama hI mAtharI aura. sudIpa jaina ne pro. TA~TiyA ko yaha kahate hue prastuta kiyA hai ki vallabhI vAcanAoM ke samaya kramazaH zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI se "zvetAmbara jaina sAhitya kA bhI prAcIna rUpa zaurasenI prAkRtamaya prabhAvita hue haiN| hI thA, jisakA svarUpa kramazaH ardhamAgadhI ke rUpa meM badala TA~TiyA jI jaisA vidvAna isa prakAra kI mithyA dhAraNA ko gyaa|" isa saMdarbha meM hamArA prazna yaha hai ki yadi prAcIna zvetAmbara Agama-sAhitya zaurasenI prAkRta meM thA, to phira vartamAna upalabdha pratipAdita kare ki zaurasenI Agama hI ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue yaha vizvasanIya nahIM lagatA hai| yadi TA~TiyA jI kA yaha pAThoM meM kahIM bhI zaurasenI kA prabhAva kyoM nahIM dikhAI detaa| . kathana, ki pAlI tripiTaka aura ardhamAgadhI Agama malataH zaurasenI isake viparIta hama yaha pAte haiM ki digaMbara paraMparA meM mAnya meM the aura phira pAlI aura ardhamAgadhI meM rUpAntarita hue, satya zaurasenI Agama sAhitya para ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta hai to unheM yA sudIpa ko isake pramANa prastuta karane caahie| kA vyApaka prabhAva hai, isa tathya kI sapramANa carcA hama pUrva meM vastutaH jaba kisI bolI ko sAhityika bhASA kA rUpa diyA kara cuke haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM digaMbara paraMparA ke zIrSastha vidvAn pro. jAtA hai to ekarUpatA ke lie niyama yA vyavasthA Avazyaka e.ena. upAdhye kA yaha spaSTa mantavya hai ki pravacanasAra kI bhASA hotI hai aura yahI niyama bhASA kA vyAkaraNa banAte haiN| vibhinna para zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA paryApta prabhAva hai prAkRtoM ko jaba sAhityika bhASA kA rUpa diyA gayA to unake aura ardhamAgadhI bhASA kI ameka vizeSatAe~ uttarAdhikAra ke lie bhI vyAkaraNa ke niyama Avazyaka hae aura ye vyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM isa grantha ko prApta huI haiN| isameM svaraparivartana, madhyavartI niyama makhyata: saMskRta se gRhIta kie ge| jaba vyAkaraNazAstra vyaMjanoM ke parivartana 'ya' zruti ityAdi ardhamAgadhI bhASA ke samAna meM kisI bhASA kI prakRti batAI jAtI hai taba vahA~ tAtparya hotA hai hI milate haiN| dUsare variSTha digaMbara vidvAn pro. khar3abar3I kA kahanA ki usa bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM kA mUla Adarza kisa hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI bhASA zuddha zaurasenI nahIM hai| isa prakAra bhASA ke zabdarUpa haiM? udAharaNa ke lie jaba hama zaurasenI ke yahA~ eka ora digaMbara vidvAna isa tathya ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra vyAkaraNa kI carcA karate haiM to hama yaha mAnate haiM ki usake kara rahe haiM ki digambara AgamoM para zvetAmbara AgamoM kI ardhamAgadhI vyAkaraNa kA Adarza apanI kucha vizeSatAoM ko chor3akara jisakI bhASA kA prabhAva hai vahA~ yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki carcA usa bhASA ke vyAkaraNa meM hotI hai, saMskRta ke zabdarUpa haiN|

Page #14
yatIndra sUri sa rakAnya - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya - kisI bhI bhASA kA janma bolI ke rUpa meM pahale hotA hai prakRti kahA jAtA hai| mUlazabda se jo zabda rUpa banA hai vaha pi.ra bolI se sAhityika bhASA kA janma hotA hai jaba sAhityika tadbhava hai| prAkRta-vyAkaraNa saMskRta zabda se prAkRta kA tadbhava bhASA banatI hai taba usake lie vyAkaraNa ke niyama banAe jAte zabdarUpa kaisA banA hai, isakI vyAkhyA karatA hai| ataH yahA~ haiM, ye vyAkaraNa ke niyama jisa bhASA ke zabdarUpoM ke AdhAra para saMskRta ko prakRti kahane kA tAtparya mAtra itanA hai ki tadbhava usa bhASA ke zabdarUpoM ko samajhAte haiM vahI usakI prakRti kahalAte zabdoM ke saMdarbha meM saMskRta ke zabda ko Adarza mAnakara yA haiN|yh satya hai ki bolI kA janma pahale hotA hai, vyAkaraNa usake mADala mAnakara yaha vyAkaraNa likhA gayA hai| ataH prakRti kA bAda banatA hai| zaurasenI athavA prAkRta kI prakRti ko saMskRta artha Adarza yA mADala hai| saMskRta zabdarUpa ko maoNDala, Adarza mAnane kA artha itanA hI hai ki ina bhASAoM ke jo bhI vyAkaraNa mAnanA, isalie Avazyaka thA ki prAkRta-vyAkaraNa saMskRta ke bane haiM ve saMskRta zabdarUpoM ke AdhAra para bane haiN| yahA~ para bhI jAnakAra vidvAnoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara yA unake lie hI likhe gae jJAtavya hai ki prAkRta kA koI bhI vyAkaraNa prAkRta ke likhane the| jaba DA. sudIpa jI zaurasenI ke saMdarbha meM prakRti: saMskRtam yA bolane vAloM ke lie nahIM banAyA gayA, apitu unake lie kA artha mADala yA Adarza karate haiM to unheM mAgadhI, paizAcI banAyA gayA jo saMskRta meM likhate yA bolate the| yadi hameM Adi ke saMdarbha meM 'prakRtiH zaurasenI' kA artha bhI yahI karanA kisI saMskRta ke jAnakAra vyakti ko prAkRta ke zabda yA zabdarUpoM cAhie ki zaurasenI ko mADala yA Adarza mAnakara inakA vyAkaraNa ko samajhAnA ho to hameM usakA AdhAra saMskRta ko hI banAnA hogA likhA gayA hai, isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki mAgadhI Adi aura usI ke AdhAra para yaha samajhAnA hogA ki saMskRta ke kisa prAkRtoM kI utpatti zaurasenI se huI hai| hemacandra ne mahArASTrI zabda se prAkRta kA kauna sA zabdarUpa kaise niSpanna haA hai| prAkRta ko AdhAra mAnakara zaurasenI, mAgadhI Adi prAkRtoM ko isalie jo bhI prAkRta-vyAkaraNa nirmita kie gae aparihArya samA samajhAyA hai, ataH isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki mahArASTrI rUpa se ve saMskRta zabdoM yA zabdarUpoM ko AdhAra mAnakara nirmita para prAcIna hai yA mahArASTrI se mAgadhI, zaurasenI Adi utpanna huii| kie gae, aparihArya rUpa se ve saMskRta zabdoM yA zabdarUpoM ko prAcIna kauna? ardhamAgadhI yA zaurasenI AdhAra mAnakara prAkRta zabdoM yA zabda rUpoM kI vyAkhyA karate isI saMdarbha meM TA~TiyA jI ke nAma se yaha bhI pratipAdita haiN| saMskRta ko prAkRta kI prakRti kahane kA itanA hI tAtparya hai| isI prakAra jaba mAgadhI, paizAcI yA apabhraMza kI prakRti zaurasenI kiyA gayA hai ki "yadi vartamAna ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko ko kahA jAtA hai to usakA tAtparya hotA hai ki prastuta vyAkaraNa / hI mUla Agama sAhitya mAnane para jora deMge to isa ardhamAgadhI ke niyamoM meM ina bhASAoM ke zabdarUpoM ko zaurasenI zabdoM ko bhASA kA Aja se 1500 varSa pahale astitva hI nahIM hone se isa AdhAra mAnakara samajhAyA gayA hai| prAkRtaprakAza kI TIkA meM sthiti meM hameM apane Agama sAhitya ko hI 500 I. ke paravartI vararuci ne spaSTataH likhA hai 'zaurasenyA ye zabdAsteSAM prakRtiH mAnanA pdd'egaa|" jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ bhI mahArASTrI aura ardhamAgadhI saMskRtam' (12/2) arthAt zaurasenI ke jo zabda haiM unakI ke aMtara ko na samajhate hue eka bhrAMti ko khar3A kiyA kiyA prakRti yA AdhAra saMskRta zabda haiN| gayA hai| sarvaprathama to yaha samajha lenA cAhie ki AgamoM ke prAcIna ardhamAgadhI ke 'ta' zruti pradhAna pATha cUrNiyoM aura aneka yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prAkRtoM meM tIna prakAra ke zabda - prAcIna pratiyoM meM Aja bhI mila rahe haiM, usase ni:saMdeha yaha siddha rUpalite haiM, tadbhava, tatsama aura deshj| dezaja zabda ve haiM jo / hotA hai ki mUla ardhamAgadhI 'ta' zruti pradhAna thI aura usameM lopa kisI deza-vizeSa meM kisI vizeSa artha meM prayukta haiN| inake kI pravRtti nagaNya hI thI aura yaha ardhamAgadhI bhASA zaurasenI artha kI vyAkhyA ke lie vyAkaraNa kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM aura mahArASTrI se prAcIna bhI hai yadi zvetAmbara Agama zaurasenI se hotI hai| tadbhava zabda ve haiM jo saMskRta zabdoM se nirmita haiM, mahArASTrI jise digaMbara vidvAn, bhrAMti se ardhamAgadhI kaha rahe haiM, jabaki saMskRta ke samAna zabda tatsama haiN| saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM badale gae to phira unakI prAcIna pratiyoM meM 'ta' zruti ke sthAna para do zabda prasiddha haiM- prakRti aura prtyy| inameM mUla zabdarUpa kA '' zrati ke pATha kyoM upalabdha nahIM hote haiM jo zaurasenI kA andidnianbidnidrodromorrorrowdubaridriodrira[115/ doorbonirbrdasranAGAGrdasdrsandidroximiririrande

Page #15
- yatIndra sUri smArakagrantha - jaina Agama evaM sAhitya vizeSatA hai| isa prasaMga meM DA. TA~TiyA jI ke nAma se yaha bhI eka bhI grantha hai jo I.pU. meM likhA gayA ho? satya to yaha hai ki kahA gayA hai ki Aja bhI AcArAMga sUtra Adi kI prAcIna IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva zaurasenI meM nibaddha eka pratiyoM meM zaurasenI ke zabdoM kI pracuratA milatI hai| maiM AdaraNIya bhI grantha nahIM thaa| jabaki mAgadhI ke abhilekha aura ardhamAgadhI. TA~TiyA jI se aura bhAI sudIpa jI se sAgraha nivedana karU~gA kI ke Agama I.pU. tIsarI zatI se upalabdha ho rahe haiN| punaH yadi ye ve AcArAMgaRSibhASita sUtrakRtAMga Adi kI kinhIM bhI prAcIna loga jise ardhamAgadhI kaha rahe haiM use mahArASTrI bhI mAna leM to pratiyoM meM 'da' zruti pradhAna pATha dikhalA deN| prAcIna pratiyoM meM jo usake bhI grantha IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se upalabdha hote haiN| pATha mila rahe haiM, ve ardhamAgadhI yA ArSa prAkRta ke haiM, na ki sAtavAhana hAla kI gAthAsaptazatI mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prAcIna zaurasenI ke haiN| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki kucha zabdarUpa ArSa grantha hai, jo isI I.pU. prathama zatI se IsA kI prathama zatI ke ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI meM samAna haiN| madhya racita hai| punaH yaha eka saMkalana-grantha hai jisameM aneka vastutaH ina prAcIna pratiyoM meM na to 'da' zrati dekhI jAtI hai| granthoM se gAthAe~ saMkalita kI gaI hai isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki aura na 'na' ke sthAna para 'Na' kI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai jise / isake pUrva bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta meM graMtha race gae the| kAlidAsa ke vyAkaraNa meM zaurasenI kI vizeSatA kahA jAtA hai| satya to yaha nATaka jinameM zaurasenI kA prAcInatama rUpa milatA hai, bhI IsA hai ki ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA hI zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa huA hai na kI caturtha zatAbdI ke bAda ke hI haiN| kundakunda ke grantha spaSTa rUpa ki zaurasenI AgamoM kA ardhamAgadhI ruupaantrnn| yaha satya hai se na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM se apitu paravartI 'ya' zrati ki na kevala ardhamAgadhI AgamoM para apitu zaurasenI Agamatulya pradhAna mahArASTrI se bhI prabhAvita haiM, kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA kI kundakunda Adi ke granthoM para bhI mahArASTrI kI 'ya' zruti kA spaSTa / 5vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke siddha nahIM hote haiN| SaTakhaNDAgama aura prabhAva hai| jise hama pUrva meM siddha kara cuke haiN| kundakunda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna, saptabhaMgI Adi lagabhaga 5vIM zatI meM nirmita avadhAraNAoM kI upasthiti unheM zvetAmbara AgamoM kyA paMdraha sau varSa pUrva ardhamAgadhI bhASA evaM zvetAmbara aura umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra (lagabhaga caturtha zatI) se paravartI ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA astitva nahIM thA? hI siddha karatI hai, kyoMki inameM ye avadhAraNAe~ anupasthita haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM maiMne apane ntha 'guNasthAnasiddhAMta-eka vizleSaNa' DA. saMdIpa jI dvArA TA~TiyA jI ke nAma se uddhRta yaha aura 'jaina dharma kA yApanIsampradAya' meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA kathana ki 1500 varSa pahale ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA astitva hI hai| isa prakAra satya to yaha hai ki ardhamAgadhI bhASA yA ardhamAgadhI nahIM thA pUrNataH bhrAnta hai| AcArAMga 'sUtrakRtAMga' RSibhASita Agama nahIM, apitu zaurasenI bhASA aura zaurasenI Agama hI IsA jaise, AgamoM ko pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne eka svara se I.pU. tIsarI kI 5vIM zatI ke pazcAt astitva meM aaye| acchA hogA ki bhAI cauthI zatAbdI yA usase bhI pahale kA mAnA hai| kyA usa samaya sudIpa jI pahale mAgadhI aura pAlI tathA ardhamAgadhI aura mahArASTrI ye Agama ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM nibaddha na hokara zaurasenI meM nibaddha ke aMtara ko evaM inake pratyeka lakSaNa ko, tathA jaina Agamika the| jJAtavya hai ki 'da' zruti pradhAna aura NakAra kI pravRtti vAlI sAhitya ke granthoM ke kAlakrama ko aura jaina itihAsa ko taTastha zaurasenI kA janma to usa samaya haA hI nahIM thA anyathA azoka dRSTi se samajha leM aura phira pramANa sahita apanI kalama nirbhIka ke abhilekhoM meM aura mathurA (jo zaurasenI kI janmabhUmi hai) ke rUpa se calAe~, vyartha kI AdhArahIna bhrAMtiyA~ khar3I karake samAja abhilekhoM meM kahIM to isa zaurasenI ke vaiziSTya vAle zabdarUpa meM kaTutA ke bIja na boeN| upalabdha hone cAhie the? kyA zaurasenI prAkRta meM nibaddha aisA witonitonianbarobroanoramidnironidirdrinironiro[116Honorardrinidirdindidroriramirariandinidiroren