Gyanbindu Parichaya

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi
Publisher: Z_Darshan_aur_Chintan_Part_1_2_002661.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229073/1

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jJAnavinduparicaya granthakAra prastuta graMtha 'jJAnabindu' ke praNetA ve hI vAcakapuGgava zrImad yazovijayajI . haiM jinakI eka kRti 'jainatarkabhASA' itaHpUrva isI 'siMghI jaina graMthamAlA' meM, aSTama maNi ke rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukI hai / usa jainatarkabhASA ke prArambha' meM upAdhyAyajI kA sapramANa paricaya diyA gayA hai| yoM to unake jIvana ke saMbandha meM, khAsa kara unakI nAnA prakAra kI kRtiyoM ke saMbandha meM, bahuta kucha vicAra karane tathA likhane kA avakAza hai, phira bhI isa jagaha sirpha uttane hI se santoSa mAna liyA jAtA hai, jitanA ki tarkabhASA ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai| yadyapi graMthakAra ke bAre meM hameM abhI isa jagaha adhika kucha nahIM kahanA hai, tathApi prastuta jJAnabindu nAmaka unakI kRti kA savizeSa paricaya karAnA Avazyaka hai aura iSTa bhii| isake dvArA graMthakAra ke sarvAMgINa pANDitya tathA graMthanirmANakauzala kA bhI thor3A bahuta paricaya pAThakoM ko avazya hI ho jaaegaa| grantha kA bAhya svarUpa graMtha ke brAhya svarUpa kA vicAra karate samaya mukhyatayA tIna bAtoM para kucha vicAra karanA avasaraprApta hai / 1 nAma, 2 viSaya aura 3 racanAzailI / 1. nAma graMthakAra ne svayaM hI graMtha kA 'jJAnabindu' nAma, graMtha racane kI pratijJA karate samaya prArambha meM tathA usakI samApti karate samaya anta meM ullikhita kiyA hai / isa sAmAsika nAma meM 'jJAna' aura 'biMdu' ye do pada haiN| jJAna pada kA sAmAnya artha prasiddha hI hai aura biMdu kA artha hai bUMda / jo graMtha jJAna kA biMdu mAtra hai arthAt jisameM jJAna kI carcA bUMda jitanI ati alpa hai vaha jJAnabiMdu 1. dekho, jainatarkabhASA gata 'paricaya' pR0 1-4 / 2. 'jJAnabinduH zrutAmbhodheH samyaguddhiyate mayA'-pR0 1 / 3. 'svAdAdasya jJAnabindoH'-pR0 46 /

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376 jaina dharma aura darzana aisA artha jJAnabiMdu zabda kA vivakSita hai / jaba graMthakAra apane isa gaMbhIra, sUkSma aura paripUrNa carcAvAle graMtha ko bhI biMdu kahakara choTA sUcita karate haiM, taba yaha prazna sahaja hI meM hotA hai ki kyA graMthakAra, pUrvAcAryoM ko tathA anya vidvAnoM kI jJAnaviSayaka zrati vistRta carcA kI apekSA, apanI prastuta carcA ko choTI kahakara vastusthiti prakaTa karate haiM yA zrAtmalAghava prakaTa karate haiM; athavA apanI isI viSaya kI kisI anya bar3I kRti kA bhI sUcana karate haiM ? isa trigraMzI prazna kA javAba bhI sabhI aMzoM meM hA~ rUpa hI hai / unhoMne jaba yaha kahA ki maiM zrutasamudra' se 'jJAnabiMdu' kA samyag uddhAra karatA hU~, taba unhoMne apane zrImukha se yaha to kaha hI diyA ki merA yaha graMtha cAhe jaisA kyoM na ho phira bhI vaha zrutasamudra kA to eka biMdumAtra hai / niHsandeha yahA~ zruta zabda se graMthakAra kA abhiprAya pUrvAcAryoM ko kRtiyoM se hai / yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki granthakAra ne apane graMtha meM, pUrvazruta meM sAkSAt nahIM cacIM gaI aisI kitanI hI bAteM nihita kyoM na kI hoM, phira bhI ve apane Apako pUrvAcAryoM ke samakSa laghu hI sUcita karate haiM / isa taraha prastuta graMtha prAcIna zrutasamudra kA eka aMza mAtra hone se usakI apekSA to ati alpa hai hI, para sAtha hI jJAnabiMdu nAma rakhane meM graMthakAra kA aura bhI eka abhiprAya hai / vaha abhiprAya yaha hai ki ve isa graMtha kI racanA ke pahale eka jJAnaviSayaka atyanta vistRta carcA karanevAlA bahuta bar3A grantha banA cuke the jisakA yaha jJAnabiMdu eka aMza hai / yadyapi vaha bar3A graMtha, zrAja hameM upalabdha nahIM hai, tathApi granthakAra ne khuda hI prastuta grantha meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai; aura yaha ullekha bhI mAmUlI nAma se nahIM kintu, 'jJAnArNava'' jaise viziSTa nAma se| unhoMne muka carcA karate samaya, vizeSa vistAra ke sAtha jAnane ke lie svaracita 'jJAnArNava' grantha kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / 'jJAnabiMdu' meM kI gaI koI bhI carcA svayaM hI viziSTa aura pUrNa hai / phira bhI usameM adhika gaharAI cAhanevAloM ke vAste jatra upAdhyAyajI 'jJAnArNava' jaisI apanI bar3I kRti kA sUcana karate haiM, taba isameM koI sandeha hI nahIM hai ki ve apanI prastuta kRti ko apanI dUsarI usI viSaya kI bahuta bar3I kRti se bhI choTI sUcita karate haiM / 1 dekho pR0 375 Ti0 2 / 2 zradhikaM matkRtajJAnArNavAt zravaseyam - pR0 16 / tathA graMthakAra ne zAstra vArtAsamuccaya kI TIkA syAdvAdakalpalatA meM bhI svakRta jJAnArNava kA ullekha kiyA hai - ' tattvamatratyaM matkRtajJAnAyAdava seyam' - pR0 20 | digambarAcArya zubhacandra kA bhI eka jJAnArNava nAmaka graMtha milatA hai /

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377. jJAnabinduparicaya sabhI dezoM ke vidvAnoM kI yaha paripATI rahI hai aura Aja bhI hai ki ve kisI viSaya para jaba bahuta bar3A graMtha likheM taba usI viSaya para adhikArI vizeSa kI dRSTi se madhyama parimANa kA yA laghu parimANa kA athavA donoM parimANa kA graMtha bhI race / hama bhAratavarSa ke sAhityika itihAsa ko dekheM to pratyeka viSaya ke sAhitya meM usa paripATI ke namUne dekheNge| upAdhyAyajI ne khuda bhI aneka viSayoM para likhate samaya usa paripATI kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne naya, saptabhaMgI Adi aneka viSayoM para choTe-choTe prakaraNa bhI likhe haiM, aura unhIM viSayoM para bar3e-bar3e graMtha bhI likhe haiN| udAharaNArtha 'nayapradIpa', 'nayarahasya' zrAdi jaba choTe-choTe prakaraNa haiM, taba 'anekAntavyavasthA', 'nayAmRtataraMgiNI' Adi bar3e yA pAkara graMtha bhI haiM / jAna par3atA hai jJAna viSaya para likhate samaya bhI unhoMne pahale 'jJAnArNava' nAma kA aAkara graMtha likhA aura pIche jJAnabiMdu nAma kA eka choTA para pravezaka graMtha racA / 'jJAnAva' upalabdha na hone se usameM kyA-kyA, kitanI-kitanI aura kisa-kisa prakAra kI carcAe~ kI gaI hoMgI, yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM, phira bhI upAdhyAyajI ke vyaktitvasUcaka sAhityarAzi ko dekhane se itanA to niHsandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne usa arNavagraMtha meM jJAna saMbandhI yacca yAvacca kaha DAlA hogA / Arya logoM kI paraMparA meM, jIvana ko saMskRta banAnevAle jo saMskAra mAne gae haiM unameM eka nAmakaraNa saMskAra bhI hai| yadyapi yaha saMskAra sAmAnya rUpa se mAnavavyaktispI hI hai, tathApi usa saMskAra kI mahattA aura anvarthatA kA vicAra Aye paraMparA meM bahuta vyApaka rahA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa AryagaNa nAmakaraNa karate samaya bahuta kucha soca vicAra karate Ae haiN| isakI vyApti yahA~ taka bar3hI, ki phira to kisI bhI cIja kA jaba nAma rakhanA hotA hai to, usa para khAsa vicAra kara liyA jAtA hai| granthoM ke nAmakaraNa to racayitA vidvAnoM ke dvArA hI hote haiM, ataeva ve anvarthatA ke sAtha-sAtha apane nAmakaraNa meM navInatA aura pUrva paraMparA kA bhI yathAsaMbhava suyoga sAdhate haiN| 'jJAnabindu' nAma anyartha to hai hI, para usameM navInatA tathA pUrva paraMparA kA mela bhI hai| pUrva paraMparA isameM anekamukhI vyakta huI hai| bauddha, brAhmaNa aura jaina paraMparA ke aneka viSayoM / ke aise prAcIna grantha Aja bhI jJAta haiM, jinake anta meM 'bindu' zabda AtA hai / dharmakIrti ke 'hetubindu' aura 'nyAyabindu' jaise grantha na kevala upAdhyAyajI ne nAma mAtra se sune hI the balki unakA una granthoM kA parizIlana bhI rahA / vAcaspati mizra ke 'nattvabindu aura madhusUdana sarasvatI ke 'siddhAntabindu Adi grantha suvizruta haiM, jinameM se 'siddhAntabindu' kA to upayoga prastuta 'jJAna

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jaina dharma aura darzana bindu' meM upAdhyAyajI ne kiyA bhI hai / zrAcArya haribhadra ke bindu antavAle 'yogabindu' aura 'dharmabindu' prasiddha haiN| ina bindu' antavAle nAmoM kI muMdara aura sArthaka pUrva paraMparA ko upAdhyAyajI ne prastuta graMtha meM vyakta karake 'jJAnArNava aura 'jJAnabindu' kI navIna jor3I ke dvArA navInatA bhI arpita kI hai / 2. viSaya granthakAra ne pratipAdya rUpa se jisa viSaya ko pasanda kiyA hai vaha to grantha ke. nAma se hI prasiddha hai| yoM to jJAna kI mahimA mAnavavaMza mAtra meM prasiddha hai, phira bhI AyeM jAti kA vaha eka mAtra jIvana-sAdhya rahA hai| jaina paraMparA meM jJAna kI ArAdhanA aura pUjA kI vividha praNAliyoM itanI pracalita haiM ki kucha bhI nahIM jAnanevAlA jaina bhI itanA to prAyaH jAnatA hai ki jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai| kaI aitihAsika pramANoM se aisA mAnanA par3atA hai ki jJAna ke pA~ca prakAra, jo jaina paraMparA meM prasiddha haiM, ve bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pahale se pracalita hone cAhie / pUrvazruta jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale kA mAnA jAtA hai aura jo bahuta pahale se naSTa huA samajhA jAtA hai, usameM eka 'jJAnapravAda' nAma kA pUrva thA jisameM zvetAmbara-digambara donoM paraMparA ke anusAra paMcavidha jJAna kA varNana thaa| __ upalabdha zruta meM prAcIna samajhe jAnevAle kucha aMgoM meM bhI unakI spaSTa carcA hai / 'uttarAdhyayana 2 jaise prAcIna mUla sUtra meM bhI unakA varNana hai / 'nandisUtra' meM to kevala pA~ca jJAnoM kA hI varNana hai / 'Avazyakaniyukta' jaise prAcIna vyAkhyA grantha meM pA~ca jJAnoM ko ho maMgala mAnakara zurU meM unakA varNana kiyA hai| 3 karma viSayaka sAhitya ke prAcIna se prAcIna samajhe jAnevAle granthoM meM bhI paJcavidha jJAna ke AdhAra para hI karma-prakRtiyoM kA vibhAjana hai, jo lupta. hue 'kamavAda' pUrva kI avaziSTa paraMparA mAtra hai / isa paJcavidha jJAna kA sArA svarUpa digambara-zvetAmbara jaise donoM hI prAcIna saMghoM meM eka-sA rahA hai / yaha saba itanA sUcita karane ke lie paryAsa hai ki paJcavidha jJAna vibhAga aura usakA amuka varNana to bahuta hI prAcIna honA cAhie / prAcIna jaina sAhitya kI jo kArmagranthika paraMparA hai tadanusAra mati, zruta, / 1 'ata eva svayamuktaM tapasvinA siddhAntabindauM--pR0 24 / 2 adhyayana 28, gA0 45 / 3 Avazyakaniyukti, gA0 1 se aage| 4 paMcasaMgraha, pR0 108. gA0 3 / prathama karmagrantha, gA0 4 / gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gA0 266 /

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* jJAna binduparicaya 376 avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala ye pA~ca nAma jJAnavibhAga sUcaka phalita hote haiM / jaba ki zrAgamika paramparA ke anusAra mati ke sthAna meM 'zrabhinibodha nAma hai / bAkI ke anya cAroM nAma kArmagranthika paramparA ke samAna hI haiN| isa taraha jaina paramparAgata paJcavidha jJAnadarzaka nAmoM meM kArmagranthika aura zrAgamika paramparA ke anusAra prathama jJAna ke bodhaka 'mati' aura 'abhinibodha' ye do nAma samAnArthaka yA paryAya rUpa se phalita hote haiN| bAkI ke cAra jJAna ke darzaka zruta, adhi zrAdi cAra nAma ukta donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra eka-eka hI haiN| unake dUsare koI paryAya asalI nahIM haiM / smaraNa rakhane kI bAta yaha hai ki jaina paramparA ke sampUrNa sAhitya ne, laukika aura lokottara saba prakAra ke jJAnoM kA samAveza ukta paJcavidha vibhAga meM se kisI na kisI vibhAga meM, kisI na kisI nAma se kiyA hai / samAveza kA yaha prayatna jaina paramparA ke sAre itihAsa meM eka-sA hai jaba-jaba jainAcAryo ko apane Apa kisI nae jJAna ke bAre meM, yA kisI nae jJAna ke nAma ke bAre meM prazna paidA huA, athavA darzanAntaravAdiyoM ne unake sAmane vaisA koI prazna upasthita kiyA, taba-taba unhoMne usa jJAna kA yA jJAna ke vizeSa paJcavidha vibhAga meM se, yathAsaMbhava kisI eka yA dUsare nAma kA samAveza ukta vibhAga meM, kara diyA hai / hameM Age yaha dekhanA hai ki ukta paJcavidha jJAna vibhAga kI prAcIna jaina bhUmikA ke AdhAra para, kramazaH kisa-kisa taraha vicAroM kA vikAsa huA / jAna par3atA hai, jaina paramparA meM jJAna saMbandhI vicAroM kA vikAsa do mArgoM se huA hai| eka mArga to hai svadarzanAbhyAsa kA aura dUsarA hai darzanAntarAbhyAsa kA / donoM mArga bahudhA paraspara saMbaddha dekhe jAte haiM / phira bhI unakA pArasparika bheda spaSTa haiM, jisake mukhya lakSaNa ye haiM - svadarzanAbhyAsajanita vikAsa meM darzanAntarIya paribhASAoM ko apanAne kA prayatna nahIM hai / na paramatakhaNDana kA prayatna hai aura na jalpa evaM vitaNDA kathA kA kabhI avalambana hI hai / usameM agara kathA hai to vaha ekamAtra tattvabubhutsu kathA arthAt vAda hI hai| jaba ki darzanAntarAbhyAsa ke dvArA hue jJAna vikAsa meM darzanAntarIya paribhASAoM ko AtmasAt karane kA prayatna avazya hai / usameM paramata khaNDana ke sAtha-sAtha kabhI-kabhI jalpakathA kA bhI avalambana avazya dekhA jAtA hai / ina lakSaNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, jJAnasaMbandhI jaina vicAra-vikAsa kA jaba hama adhyayana karate haiM, 1 nandI sUtra, sU0 1 / zrAvazyaka niyukti, gA0 1 / SaTkhaMDAgama, pu0 1. pR0 353 /

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380 jaina dharma aura darzana taba usakI aneka aitihAsika bhUmikAe~ hameM jaina sAhitya meM dekhane ko milatI haiN| zAnavikAsa kI kisa bhUmikA kA Azraya lekara prastuta jJAnabindu grantha ko upAdhyAyajI ne racA hai ise ThIka-ThIka samajhane ke lie hama yahA~ jJAnavikAsa kI kucha bhUmikAoM kA saMkSepa meM citraNa karate haiN| aisI jJAtavya bhUmikAe~ nIce likhe anusAra sAta kahI jA sakatI haiM-(1) karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika, (2) niyuktigata, (3) anuyogagata, (4)tattvArthagata, (5) siddhasenIya, (6) jinabhadrIya aura (7) akalaMkIya / / (1) karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika bhUmikA vaha hai jisameM paJcavidha jJAna ke mati yA abhinibodha Adi pA~ca nAma milate haiM aura inhIM pA~ca nAmoM ke AsapAsa svadarzanAbhyAsajanita thor3A bahuta gaharA tathA vistRta bheda-prabhedoM kA vicAra bhI pAyA jAtA hai / (2) dUsarI bhUmikA vaha hai jo prAcIna niyukti bhAga meM, karIba vikrama ko dUsarI zatAbdI taka meM, siddha huI jAna par3atI hai| isameM darzanAntara ke abhyAsa kA thor3A sA asara avazya jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki prAcIna niyukti meM matijJAna ke vAste mati aura abhinibodha zabda ke uparAnta saMjJA, prajJA, smRti Adi aneka paryAya' zabdoM kI jo vRddhi dekhI jAtI hai aura paJcavidha jJAna kA jo pratyakSa tathA parokSa rUpa se vibhAga dekhA jAtA hai vaha darzanAntarIya abhyAsa kA hI sUcaka hai / 1 niyuktisAhitya ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki jitanA bhI niyukti ke nAma se sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai vaha saba na to eka hI prAcArya kI kRti hai aura na vaha eka hI zatAbdI meM banA hai| phira bhI prastuta jJAna kI carcA karanevAlA Avazyaka niyukti kA bhAga prathama bhadrabAhu kRta mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / ataeva usako yahA~ vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI taka meM siddha huA kahA gayA hai / 2 zrAvazyakaniyukti, gA0 12 / / 3 bRhatkalpabhASyAntargata bhadrabAhukRta niyukti-gA0 3, 24, 25 / yadyapi TIkAkAra ne ina gAthAzroM ko, bhadbAhavIya niyuktigata hone kI sUcanA nahIM dI hai, phira bhI pUrvApara ke saMdarbha ko dekhane se, ina gAthAoM ko niyuktigata mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / TIkAkAra ne niyukti aura bhASya kA viveka sarvatra nahIM dikhAyA hai, yaha bAta to bRhatkalpa ke kisI pAThaka ko turanta hI dhyAna meM A sakatI hai| aura khAsa bAta yaha hai ki nyAyAvatAra TIkA kI TippaNI ke racayitA devabhadra, 25 vIM gAthA ki jisameM spaSTataH pratyakSa aura parokSa kA lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai, usako bhagavAn bhadrabAhu kI hone kA spaSTatayA sUcana karate haiM-nyAyAvatAra, pR0 15 /

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'jJAna binduparicaya 381 ( 3 ) tIsarI bhUmikA vaha hai jo 'anuyogadvAra' nAmaka sUtra meM pAI jAtI hai, jo ki prAyaH vikramIya dUsarI zatAbdI kI kRti hai / isameM akSapAdIya 'nyAyasUtra' ke cAra pramANoM kA' tathA usI ke anumAna pramANa saMbandhI bheda-prabhedoM kA saMgraha hai, jo darzanAntarIya abhyAsa kA asandigdha pariNAma hai / isa sUtra meM jaina paJcavidha jJAnavibhAga ko sAmane rakhate hue bhI usake karttA zrAryarakSita sUri ne zAyada, nyAya darzana meM prasiddha pramANa vibhAga ko tathA usakI paribhASA ko jaina vicAra kSetra meM lAne kA sarva prathama prayatna kiyA hai / ( 4 ) cauthI bhUmikA vaha hai jo vAcaka umAsvAti ke 'tatvArthasUtra' aura khAsakara unake svopajJa bhASya meM dekhI jAtI hai / yaha prAyaH vikramIya tIsarI zatAbdI ke bAda kI kRti hai / isameM niyukti pratipAdita pratyakSa aura parokSa pramANa kA ullekha karake vAcaka ne anuyogadvAra meM svIkRta nyAyadarzanIyaH caturvidha pramANavibhAga kI ora udAsInatA dikhAte hue niyuktigata dvividha pramANa vibhAga kA samarthana kiyA hai| bAcaka ke isa samarthana kA Age ke jJAna vikAsa para prabhAva yaha par3A hai ki phira kisI jaina tArkika ne apanI jJAna-vicAraNA meM ukta caturvidha pramANavibhAga ko bhUla kara bhI sthAna nahIM diyaa| hA~, itanA to avazya huA ki zrAryarakSita sUri jaise pratiSThita anuyogadhara ke dvArA, eka bAra jaina zru meM sthAna pAne ke kAraNa, phira nyAyadarzanIya vaha caturvidha pramANa vibhAga,. hamezA ke vAste bhagavatA Adi parama pramANa bhUta AgamoM meM bhI saMgRhIta ho gayA hai / vAcaka umAsvAti kA ukta caturvidha pramANavibhAga kI ora udAsIna rahane meM tAtparya yaha jAna par3atA hai ki jaba jaina AcAryoM kA svopajJa pratyakSa -. parokSa pramANavibhAga hai taba usI ko lekara jJAnoM kA vicAra kyoM na kiyA jAe ? aura darzanAntarIya caturvidha pramANavibhAga para kyoM bhAra diyA jAe ? isake sivAya vAcaka ne mImAMsA zrAdi darzanAntara meM prasiddha anumAna, arthApatti Adi pramANoM kA samAveza bhI mati zruta meM kiyA jo bAcaka ke pahale kisI ke dvArA kiyA huA dekhA nahIM jAtA / vAcaka ke prayatna kI do bAteM khAsa dhyAna khIMcatI. 1 anuyogadvAra sUtra pR0 211 se / 2 tattvArthasUtra 1. 6-13 / 3 ' caturvidhamityeke nayavAdAntareNa' - tattvArthabhAgya 1-6 / 4 ' se kiM taM pramANe ? cauvvihe paNNatte, taM jahA - paJca kkhe' 'jahA aNuyogadAre tahA yavvaM // ' bhagavatI, za0 5. u03. bhAga 2. pR0 211; sthAnAMgasUtra pR0 46 // 5 tattvArthabhASya 1-12 /

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382 jaina dharma aura darzana haiM / eka to vaha, jo niyuktisvIkRta pramANa vibhAga kI pratiSThA bar3hAne se saMbandha rakhatI hai; aura dUsarI vaha, jo darzanAntarIya pramANa kI paribhASA ke sAtha mela baiThAtI hai aura prAsaMgika rUpa se darzanAntarIya pramANavibhAga kA nirAkaraNa karatI hai| (5) pA~cavIM bhamikA, sidsena divAkara ke dvArA kiye gae jJAna ke vicAravikAsa kI hai / siddhasena ne jo anumAnataH vikramIya pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke jJAta hote haiM-apanI vibhinna kRtiyoM meM, kucha aisI bAteM jJAna ke vicAra kSetra meM prastuta kI haiM jo jaina paraMparA meM unake pahale na kisI ne upasthita kI thIM aura zAyada na kisI ne socI bhI thiiN| ye bAteM tarka dRSTi se samajhane meM jitanI sarala haiM utanI hI jaina paraMparAgata rUr3ha mAnasa ke lie kevala kaThina hI nahIM balki asamAdhAnakAraka bhI haiN| yahI vajaha hai ki divAkara ke una vicAroM para, karIba hajAra varSa taka, na kisI ne sahAnubhUtipUrvaka UhApoha kiyA aura na unakA samarthana hI kiyA / upAdhyAyajI hI eka aise hue, jinhoMne siddhasena ke navIna prastuta muddoM para sirpha sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra hI nahIM kiyA, balki apanI sUkSma prajJA aura tarka se parimArjita jaina dRSTi kA upayoga karake, una muddoM kA prastuta 'jJAnabindu' grantha meM ati vizada aura anekAnta dRSTi ko zobhA denevAlA samarthana bhI kiyA / ve mudde mukhyatayA cAra haiM 1. mati aura zruta jJAna kA vAstavika aikya' 2. avadhi aura manaHparyAya jJAna kA tattvataH abhedara 3 kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana kA vAstavika abheda' 4. zraddhAnarUpa darzana kA jJAna se abheda ina cAra muddoM ko prastuta karake siddhasena ne, jJAna ke bheda-prabheda kI purAnI rekhA para tArkika vicAra kA nayA prakAza DAlA hai, jinako koI bhI, purAtana rUr3ha saMskAroM tathA zAsroM ke pracalita vyAkhyAna ke kAraNa, pUrI taraha samajha na sakA / jaina vicArakoM meM siddhasena ke vicAroM ke prati pratikriyA zurU huii| aneka vidvAn to unakA prakaTa virodha karane lage, aura kucha vidvAn isa bAre meM udAsIna hI rahe / kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra gaNI ne bar3e joroM se virodha kiyaa| phira bhI hama 1 dekho, nizcayadvAtriMzikA kA0 16, tathA jJAnabindu pR0 16 / 2 dekho, nizcayadvA0 kA 17 aura jJAnabindu pR0 18 / 3 dekho, sanmati kANDa 2 saMpUrNa; aura jJAnabindu pR0 33 se / 4 dekho, sanmati, 2. 32; aura jJAnabindu pR0 47 / 5 jaise, haribhadra-dekho, dharmasaMgrahaNI, gA0 1352 se tathA naMdIvRtti, pR.55 /

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383 jJAnabinduparicaya dekhate haiM ki yaha virodha sirpha kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke abhedavAle mudde para hI huA hai / bAkI ke muddoM para yA to kisI ne vicAra hI nahIM kiyA yA sabhI ne upekSA dhAraNa kii| para jaba hama prastuta jJAnabindu se unhIM muddoM para upAdhyAyajI kA UhApoha dekhate haiM taba kahanA par3atA hai ki utane prAcIna yuga meM bhI, siddhasena kI vaha tArkikatA aura sUkSma dRSTi jaina sAhitya ko adbhuta dena thii| divAkara ne ina cAra muddoM para ke apane vicAra nizcaya dvAtriMzakA' tathA 'sanmatiprakaraNa' meM prakaTa kie haiN| unhoMne jJAna ke vicArakSetra meM eka aura bhI nayA prasthAna zurU kiyaa| saMbhavataH divAkara ke pahale jaina paraMparA meM koI nyAya viSaya kA-arthAt parArthAnumAna aura tatsaMbandhI padArthanirUpaka-viziSTa graMtha na thA / jaba unhoMne abhAva kI pUrti ke lae 'nyAyAvatAra' banAyA taba unhoMne jaina paraMparA meM pramANavibhAga para nae sire se pUrnivicAra prakaTa kiyA / AryarakSitasvIkRta nyAyadarzanIya caturvidha pramANavibhAga ko jaina paraMparA meM gauNa sthAna de kara, niyuktikArasvIkRta dvividha pramANavibhAga ko pradhAnatA dene vAle vAcaka ke prayatna kA jikra hama Upara kara cuke haiN| siddhasena ne bhI usI dvividha' pramANa vibhAga kI bhUmikA ke Upara 'nyAyAvatAra' kI racanA kI aura usa pratyakSa aura parokSa-pramANadvaya dvArA tIna pramANoM ko jaina paraMparA meM sarva prathama sthAna diyA, jo unake pUrva bahuta samaya se, sAMkhya darzana tathA vaizeSika darzana meM suprasiddha the aura aba taka bhI haiN| sAMkhya aura vaizeSika donoM darzana jina pratyakSa, anumAna, aAgama-ina tIna pramANoM ko mAnate Ae haiM, unako bhI aba eka taraha se, jaina paramparA meM sthAna milA, jo ki vAdakathA aura parArthAnumAna kI dRSTi se 1 dekho, nyAyAvatAra, zlo0 1 / 2 yadyapi siddhasena ne pramANa kA pratyakSa parokSa rUpa se dvividha vibhAga kiyA hai kintu pratyakSa, anumAna, aura zabda ina tInoM kA pRthak pRthak lakSaNa kiyA hai| 3 sAMkhyakArikA, kA0 4 / 4 pramANa ke bheda ke viSaya meM sabhI vaizeSika ekamata nhiiN| koI usake do bheda to koI usake tIna bheda mAnate haiM / prazastapAdabhASya meM (pR0 213) zAbda pramANa kA antarbhAva anumAna meM hai| usake TIkAkAra zrIdhara kA bhI vahI mata hai ( kaMdalI, pR0 213) kintu vyomaziva ko vaisA ekAnta rUpa se iSTa nahIM-dekho vyomavatI, pR0 577, 584 / ataH jahA~ kahIM vaizeSikasaMmata tIna, pramANoM kA ullekha ho vaha vyomaziva kA samajhanA cAhie-dekho, nyAyAvatAra TIkATippaNa, pa06 tathA pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa pR0 23 /

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- 384 jaina dharma aura darzana bahuta upayukta hai / isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM nyAya, sAMkhya aura vaizeSika tInoM darzana sammata pramANa vibhAga praviSTa huA / yahAM para siddhasenasvIkRta isa triviSa pramANavibhAga kI jaina paramparA meM, pAryarakSitIya caturvidha vibhAga kI taraha, upekSA hI huI yA usakA vizeSa Adara huA ?-yaha prazna avazya hotA hai, jisa para hama zrAge jAkara kucha kheNge| (6) chaThI bhUmikA, vi0 7 vIM zatAbdI vAle jinabhadra gaNI kI hai| prAcIna samaya se kama-zAstra tathA Agama kI paramparA ke anusAra jo mati, zruta zrAdi pA~ca jJAnoM kA vicAra jaina paramparA meM pracalita thA, aura jisapara niyuktikAra tathA prAcIna anya vyAkhyAkAroM ne evaM naMdI jaise Agama ke praNetAoM ne, apanI apanI dRSTi va zakti ke anusAra, bahuta kucha koTikrama bhI bar3hAyA thA, usI vicArabhUmikA kA Azraya lekara kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra ne apane vizAla grantha 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM paJcavidha jJAna kI prAcUDAMta sAGgopAMga mImAMsA kI / aura usI Agama sammata paJcavidha jJAnoM para tarkadRSTi se Agama praNAlI kA samartha karanevAlA gaharA prakAza ddaalaa| 'tattvAthesUtra' para vyAkhyA likhate samaya, pUjyapAda devanandI aura bhaTTAraka akalaMka ne bhI paJcavidha jJAna ke samarthana meM, mukhyatayA takepaNAlI kA hI avalaMbana liyA hai| kSamAzramaNa kI isa vikAsa, bhUmikA ko tarkopajIvI Agama bhUmikA kahanI cAhie, kyoMki unhoMne kisI bhI jaina tArkika se kama tArkikatA nahIM dikhAI: phira bhI unakA sArA tarka bala bhAgamika sImAoM ke ghere meM hI ghirA rahA--jaisA ki kumArila tathA zaMkarAcArya kA sArA tarkabala zruti kI sImAoM ke ghere meM hI sImita rhaa| kSamAzramaNa ne apane isa viziSTa Avazyaka bhASya meM jJAnoM ke bAre meM utanI adhika vicAra sAmagrI vyavasthita kI hai ki jo Age ke sabhI zvetAmbara grantha praNetAoM ke lie mukhya AdhArabhUta banI huI haiN| upAdhyAyajI to jaba kabhI jisa kisI praNAlI se jJAnoM kA nirU paNa karate haiM taba mAnoM kSamAzramaNa ke vizeSAvazyakabhASya ko apane mana meM pUrNa rUpeNa pratiSThita kara lete haiN| prastutu jJAnabindu meM bhI upAdhyAyajI ne vahI kiyA hai| 1 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM jJAnapaJcakAdhikAra ne hI 840 gAthAe~ jitanA bar3A bhAga roka rakhA hai| koTyAcArya kI TIkA ke anusAra vizeSAvazyaka kI saba milakara 4346 gAthAe~ haiN| 2 pAThakoM ko isa bAta kI pratIti, upAdhyAyajI kRta jainatarkabhASA ko, usakI TippaNoM ke sAtha dekhane se ho jaaygii| 3 dekho,jJAnabindu kI TippaNI pR0 61,68-73 ityAdi /

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25 zAnabinduparicaya : 385 (7) sAtavoM bhUmikA bhaTTa akalaMka kI hai, jo vikramIya AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM / jJAna vicAra ke vikAsa kSetra meM bhaTTAraka akalaMka kA prayatna bahumukhI hai / isa bAre meM unake tIna prayatna vizeSa ullekha yogya haiN| pahalA prayatna tatvArthasUtrAvalambI hone se pradhAnatayA parAzrita hai / dUsarA prayatna siddhasenIya 'nyAyAvatAra' kA pratibimbagrAhI kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usameM unakI viziSTa svatantratA spaSTa hai| tIsarA prayatna 'laghIyastraya' aura khAsakara 'pramANasaMha' meM hai, jise unakI ekamAtra nijI sUjha kahanA ThIka hai | umAsvAti ne, mImAMsaka Adi sammata aneka pramANoM kA samAveza mati aura zruta meM hotA hai--aisA sAmAnya hI kathana kiyA thA; aura pUjyapAda ne bhI vaisA hI sAmAnya kathana kiyA thaa| parantu, akalaMka ne usase Age bar3hakara vizeSa vizleSaNa ke dvArA 'rAjavAttika meM yaha batalAyA ki darzanAntarIya ve saba pramANa, kisa taraha anavara aura akSarazrata meM samAviSTa ho sakate haiM / 'rAjavArtika' sUtrAvalambI hone se usameM itanA hI vizadIkaraNa paryApta hai; para unako jaba dharmakIrti ke 'pramANavinizcaya kA anukaraNa karane vAlA svatantra nyAyavinizcaya' graMtha banAnA par3A, taba unheM parArthAnumAna tathA vAdagoSTho ko lakSya meM rakha kara vicAra karanA par3A / usa samaya unhoMne siddhasena svIkRta vaizeSika-sAMkhyasammata trividha pramANa vibhAga kI praNAlI kA avalambana karake apane sAre vicAra 'nyAyavinizcaya' meM nibaddha kiye / eka taraha se vaha nyAyavinizcaya' siddhasenIya nyAyAvatAra' kA svatantra vistRta vizadIkaraNa hI kevala nahIM hai balki aneka aMzo meM pUraka bhI hai| isa taraha jaina paraMparA meM nyAyAvatAra ke sarva prathama samarthaka akalaMka hI haiN| itanA hone para bhI, akalaMka ke sAmane kucha prazna aise the jo unase jabAba cAhate the / pahalA prazna yaha thA, ki jaba Apa mImAMsakAdisammata anumAna prabhRti vividha pramANoM kA zrata meM samAveza karate haiM, taba umAsvAti ke isa kathana ke sAtha virodha AtA hai, ki ve pramANa mati aura zruta donoM meM samAviSTa hote haiN| dUsarA prazna unake sAmane yaha thA, ki mati ke paryAya rUpa se jo smRti, saMjJA, 1 dekho, tattvArtha bhASya, 1.12 / 2 dekho, sarvArthasiddhi, 1.10 / 3 dekho, rAjavArtika, 1.20.15 / 4- nyAyavinizcaya ko akalaMka ne tIna prastAvoM meM vibhakta kiyA-~-pratyakSa, anumAna aura pravacana / isa se itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki una ko pramANa ke ye tIna bheda mukhyatayA nyAyavinizcaya kI racanA ke samaya iSTa hoMge /

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386 jaina dharma aura darzana cintA jaise zabda niyuktikAla se pracalita haiM aura jina ko umAsvAti ne bhI mUla sUtra meM saMgrahIta kiyA hai, unakA koI viziSTa tAtparya kiMvA upayoga hai yA nahIM ? tadatirikta una ke sAmane khAsa prazna yaha bhI thA, ki jaba sabhI jainAcArya apane prAcIna paJcavidha jJAna vibhAga meM darzanAntarasammata pramANoM kA tathA unake nAmoM kA samAveza karate Ae haiM, taba kyA jaina paraMparA meM bhI pramANoM kI koI dArzanika paribhASAe~ yA dArzanika lakSaNa haiM yA nahIM ?; agara haiM to ve kyA haiM ? aura Apa yaha bhI batalAie ki ve saba pramANalakSaNa yA pramANaparibhASAe~ sirpha darzanAntara se udhAra lI huI haiM yA prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM unakA koI mUla bhI hai ? isake sivAya akalaMka ko eka bar3A bhArI prazna yaha bhI parezAna kara rahA jAna par3atA hai, ki tuma jaina tArkikoM kI sArI pramANapraNAlI koI svatantra sthAna rakhatI hai yA nahIM ? agara vaha svatantra sthAna rakhatI hai to usakA sarvAMgINa nirUpaNa kIjie / ina tathA aise hI dUsare praznoM kA javAba akalaMka ne thor3e meM 'laghIyastraya' meM diyA hai, para 'pramANasaMgraha' meM vaha bahuta spaSTa hai / jainatArkikoM ke sAmane darzanAntara kI dRSTi se upasthita hone vAlI saba samasyAoM kA sulajhAva akalaMka ne sarva prathama svatantra bhAva se kiyA jAna par3atA hai| isalie unakA vaha prayanna bilakula maulika hai / Upara ke saMkSipta varNana se yaha sApha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki-AThavI-navIM zatAbdI taka meM jaina paraMparA ne jJAna saMbandhI vicAra kSetra meM svadarzanAbhyAsa ke mArga se aura darzanAntarAbhyAsa ke mArga se kisa-kisa prakAra vikAsa prApta kiyA / aba taka meM darzanAntarIya Avazyaka paribhASAoM kA jaina paraMparA meM AtmasAt. karaNa tathA navIna svaparibhASAoM kA nirmANa paryApta rUpa se ho cukA thaa| usameM jalpa zrAdi kathA ke dvArA paramatoM kA nirasana bhI ThIka-ThIka ho cukA thA aura pUrvakAla meM nahIM carcita aise aneka navIna prameyoM kI carcA bhI ho cukI thii| isa pakkI dArzanika bhUmikA ke Upara agale hajAra varSoM meM jaina tArkikoM ne bahuta bar3e-bar3e carcAjaTila graMtha race jinakA itihAsa yahA~ prastuta nahIM hai| phira bhI prastuta jJAnavindu viSayaka upAdhyAyajI kA prayatna ThIka-TIka samajhA jA sake, etadartha bIca ke samaya ke jaina tAkikoM kI pravRtti kI dizA saMkSepa meM jAnanA jarUrI hai| ___AThavIM-navIM zatAbdI ke bAda jJAna ke pradeza meM mukhyatayA do dizAoM meM prayatna dekhA jAtA hai / eka prayatna aisA hai jo kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra ke dvArA vikasita bhUmikA kA Azraya lekara calatA hai, jo ki AcArya haribhadra kI 'dharmasaMgrahaNI' Adi kRtiyoM meM dekhA jAtA hai| dUsarA prayatna akalaMka ke dvArA

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jJAnabinduparicaya : 387 vikasita bhUmikA kA avalambana karake zurU huaa| isa prayatna meM na kevala akalaMka ke vidyA ziSya-praziSya vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra vAdirAja zrAdi digambara prAcArya hI jhuke; kintu abhayadeva, vAdidevasUri, hemacandrAcArya Adi aneka zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI akalaMkIya tArkika bhUmiksa ko vistRta kiyA / isa tarkapradhAna jaina yuga ne jaina mAnasa meM eka aisA parivartana paidA kiyA jo pUrvakAlIna rUDhibaddhatA ko dekhate hue Azcaryajanaka kahA jA sakatA hai| saMbhavataH siddhasena divAkara ke bilakula navIna sUcanoM ke kAraNa unake viruddha jo jaina paraMparA meM pUrvagraha thA vaha dasavIM zatAbdI se spaSTa rUpa meM haTane aura ghaTane lgaa| hama dekhate haiM ki siddhasena kI kRti rUpa jisa nyAyAvatAra parajo ki sacamuca jaina paraMparA kA eka choTA kintu maulika grantha hai-karIba cAra zatAbdI taka kisI ne TIkAdi nahIM racI thI, usa nyAyAvatAra kI ora jaina viddhAnoM kA dhyAna aba gayA / siddharSi ne dasavIM zatAbdI meM usa para vyAkhyA likha kara usakI pratiSThA bar3hAI aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM vAdivaitAla zAntisUri ne usa ko vaha sthAna diyA jo bhatta hari ne 'vyAkaraNamahAbhASya' ko, kumArila ne 'zAcarabhAgya' ko, dharmakIrtine 'pramANasamuJcaya' ko aura vidyAnanda ne 'tattvArthasUtra' Adi ko diyA thaa| zAntisUri ne nyAyAvatAra kI prathama kArikA para saTIka padyabandha 'vArtika' racA aura sAtha hI usameM unhoMne yatra-tatra akalaMka ke vicAroM kA khaNDana' bhI kiyaa| isa zAstra-racanA pracura yuga meM nyAyAvatAra ne dUsare bhI eka jaina tArkika kA dhyAna apanI ora khIMcA / gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke jinezvarasUri ne nyAyAvatAra kI prathama hI kArikA ko le kara usa para eka padyabandha 'pramAlakSaNa' nAmaka grantha racA aura usakI vyAkhyA bhI svayaM unhoMne kI / yaha prayatna diGanAga ke 'pramANasamuccaya' kI prathama kArikA ke Upara dharmakIrti ke dvArA race gae saTIka padyabandha 'pramANavAttika kA; tathA pUjyapAda kI sarvArthasiddhi ke prathama maMgala zloka ke Upara vidyAnanda ke dvArA racI gaI saTIka 'AptaparIkSA' kA anukaraNa hai| aba taka meM tarka aura darzana ke abhyAsa ne jaina vicArakoM ke mAnasa para amuka aMza meM svatantra vicAra prakaTa karane ke cIja ThIka-ThIka bo diye the| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI nyAyAvatAra para likhane vAle ukta tInoM vidvAnoM kI vicArapraNAlI aneka jagaha bhinna-bhinna dekhI jAtI hai / 1-jainatarkavArtika, pR0 132, tathA dekho nyAyakumudacaMdra-prathamabhAga, prastAvanA pR0 82 /

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jaina dharma aura darzana abataka jaina paramparA ne jJAna ke vicArakSetra meM jo anekamukhI vikAsa prAsa kiyA thA aura jo vizAlapramANa grantharAzi paidA kI thI evaM jo mAnasika svAtaMtrya kI ucca tArkika bhUmikA prApta kI thI, vaha saba to upAdhyAya yazovijayaja ko virAsata meM milI hI thI, para sAtha hI meM unheM eka aisI suvidhA bhI prApta huI thI jo unake pahale kisI jaina vidvAn ko na milI thii| yaha suvidhA hai udayana tathA gaMgezapraNIta navya nyAyazAstra ke abhyAsa kA sAkSAt vidyAdhAma kAzI meM aksara milanA / isa suvidhA kA upAdhyAyajI kI jijJAsA aura prazA ne kaisA aura kitanA upayoga kiyA isakA pUrA khayAla to usI ko pA sakatA hai jisane unakI saba kRtiyoM kA thor3A sA bhI adhyayana kiyA ho| navya nyAya ke uparAnta upAdhyAyajI ne usa samaya taka ke ati prasiddha aura vikasita pUrvamImAMsA tathA vedAnta Adi vaidika darzanoM ke mahatvapUrNa granthoM kA bhI acchA parizIlana kiyA / Agamika aura dArzanika jJAna kI pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna samasta vicAra sAmagrI ko AtmasAt karane ke bAda upAdhyAyajI ne jJAna ke nirUpaNakSetra meM padArpaNa kiyaa| ___ upAdhyAyajI kI mukhyatayA jJAnanirUpaka do kRtiyA~ haiN| eka 'jainatakabhASA' aura dUsarI prastuta jJAnabindu' / pahalI kRti kA viSaya yadyapi jJAna hI hai tathApi usameM usake nAmAnusAra tarkapraNAlI yA pramANapaddhati mukhya hai| takabhASA kA mukhya upAdAna 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' hai, para vaha akalaMka ke 'laghIyastrayA tathA 'pramANasaMgraha' kA pariSkRta kintu navIna anukaraNa saMskaraNa bhI hai| prastuta jJAnabindu meM pratipAdya rUpase upAdhyAyajI ne paJcavidha jJAna vAlA Agamika viSaya hI cunA hai jisameM unhoMne pUrvakAla meM vikasita pramANapaddhati ko kahIM 1 dekho jainatarkabhASA kI prazista-pUrva nyAyavizAradatvavirudaM kAzyAM pradattaM budhaiH / 2 laghIyastraya meM tRtIya pravacanapraveza meM kramazaH pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA varNana akalaMka ne kiyA hai 1 vaise hI pramANasaMgraha ke aMtima navama prastAva meM bhI unhIM tIna viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana hai| laghIyastraya aura pramANasaMgraha meM anyatra pramANa aura naya kA vistRta varNana to hai hI, phira bhI una donoM granthoM ke aMtima prastAva meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kI eka sAtha saMkSipta carcA unhoMne kara dI hai jisase spaSTatayA una tInoM viSayoM kA pArasparika meda samajha meM A jaae| yazovijayajI ne apanI tarkabhASA ko, isI kA anukaraNa karake, pramANa, naya, aura nikSepa ina tIna paricchedoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai /

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racanAzailI 386 bhI sthAna nahIM diyaa| phira bhI jisa yuga, jisa virAsata aura jisapratibhA ke ve dhAraka the, vaha satra ati prAcIna paJcavidha jJAna kI carcA karane vAle unake prastuta jJAnavindu grantha meM na Ae yaha asaMbhava hai / ataeva hama Age jAkara dekheMge ki pahale ke karIba do hajAra varSa ke jaina sAhitya meM paJcavibhajJAnasaMbandhI vicAra kSetra meM jo kucha siddha ho cukA thA vaha to karIba-karIba saba, prastuta jJAnavindu meM yA hI hai, para usa ke atirikta jJAnasaMbandhI aneka nae vicAra bhI, isa jJAnabindu meM sanniviSTa hue haiM, jo pahale ke kisI jaina grantha meM nahIM dekhe jAte / eka taraha se prastuta jJAnatrindu vizeSAvazyakabhASyagata paJcavidhajJAnavarNana kA nayA pariSkRta aura navIna dRSTise sampanna saMskaraNa hai / 3. racanAzailI prastuta grantha jJAnavindu kI racanAzailI kisa prakAra kI hai ise spaSTa samajhane ke lie zAstroM kI mukhya-mukhya zailiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya zrAvazyaka hai / sAmAnya rUpase dArzanika paraMparA meM cAra zailiyA~ prasiddha haiM - 1. sUtra zailI, 2. kArikA zailI 3. vyAkhyA zailI, aura 4 varNana zailI / mUla rUpase sUtra zailI kA udAharaNa hai 'nyAyasUtra' Adi / mUla rUpase kArikA zailI kA udAharaNa hai 'sAMkhyakArikA' Adi / gadya-padya yA ubhaya rUpameM jaba kisI mUla grantha para vyAkhyA racI jAtI hai taba vaha hai vyAkhyA zailI jaise 'bhASya' vArtikAdi' antha jisa meM svopajJa yA anyopajJa kisI mUla kA avalambana na ho; kiMtu jisa maiM graMthakAra apane pratipAdya viSaya kA svatantra bhAva se sIdhe taura para varNana hI varNana karatA jAtA hai aura prasAnuprasakta aneka mukhya viSaya saMbaMdhI viSayoM ko uThAkara unake nirUpaNa dvArA mukhya viSaya ke varNana ko hI puSTa karatA hai vaha hai varNana yA prakaraNa zailI / prastuta graMtha kI racanA, isa varNana zailI se kI gaI hai / jaise vidyAnanda ne 'pramANaparIkSA' racI, jaise madhusUdana sarasvatI ne 'vedAntakalpalatikA' aura sadAnanda ne 'vedAntasAra' varNana zailI se banAe, vaise hI upAdhyAyajI ne jJAnanindu kI racanA varNana zailI se kI hai| isa meM apane yA kisI anya ke racita gadya yA padya rUpa mUla kA avalambana nahIM hai / ataeva samUce rUpa se jJAna bindu kisI mUla grantha kI vyAkhyA nahIM hai| vaha to sIdhe taura se pratipAdya rUpa se pasanda kiye gae jJAna aura usake paJcavidha prakAroM kA nirUpaNa apane DhaMga se karatA hai| isa nirUpaNa meM granthakAra ne apanI yogyatA aura maryAdA ke anusAra mukhya viSaya se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle aneka viSayoM kI carcA chAnabIna ke sAtha kI hai jisameM unhoMne pakSa yA vipakSa rUpa se aneka granthakAroM

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361 jaina dharma aura darzana ke mantavyoM ke avataraNa bhI diye haiM / yadyapi granthakAra ne Age jAkara 'sanmati kI aneka gAthAoM ko lekara ( pR0 33) unakA kramazaH svayaM vyAkhyAna bhI kiyA hai, phira bhI vastutaH Thana gAthAoM ko lenA tathA unakA vyAkhyAna karanA prAsaMgika mAtra hai / jaba kevalajJAna ke nirUpaNa kA prasaMga AyA aura usa saMbaMdha meM AcAryoM ke matabhedoM para kucha likhanA prApta huA, taba unhoMne sanmatigata kucha mahattva kI gAthAoM ko lekara unake vyAkhyAna rUpa se apanA vicAra prakaTa kara diyA hai / khuda upAdhyAyajI ne hI 'etaca tattvaM sayuktikaM sammatigAthAbhireva pradarzayAmaH' (pR0 33) kahakara vaha bhAva spaSTa kara diyA hai| upAdhyAyajI ne 'anekAntavyavasthA' Adi aneka prakaraNa graMtha likhe haiM jo jJAnabiMdu ke samAna varNana zailI ke haiN| isa zailI kA avalambana karane kI preraNA karanevAle vedAntakalpalatikA, vedAntasAra, 'nyAyadApikA' Adi aneka vaise graMtha the jinakA unhoMne upayoga bhI kiyA hai| grantha kA Abhyantara svarUpa graMthake zrAbhyantara svarUpa kA pUrA paricaya to tabhI saMbhava hai jaba usa kA adhyayana-arthagrahaNa aura jJAta artha kA manana-punaH punaH cintana kiyA jaae| phira bhI isa graMtha ke jo adhikArI haiM una kI buddhi ko pravezayogya tathA rucisampanna banAne kI dRSTi se yahA~ usa ke viSaya kA kucha svarUpavarNana karanA jarUrI hai | graMthakAra ne jJAna ke svarUpa ko samajhAne ke lie jina mukhya mukhya muddoM para carcA kI hai aura pratyeka mukhya mudde kI carcA karate samaya prAsaMgika rUpa se jina dUsare muddoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai, una muddoM kA yathAsaMbhava digdarzana karAnA isa jagaha iSTa hai| hama aisA digdarzana karAte samaya yathAsambhava tulanAtmaka aura aitihAsika dRSTi kA upayoga kareMge jisase abhyAsIgaNa grantha. kAra dvArA carcita muddoM ko aura bhI vizAlatA ke sAtha avagAhana kara sakeM tathA gratha ke aMta meM jo TippaNa diye gae haiM unakA hArda samajhane kI eka kuMjI bhI pA sakeM / prastuta varNana meM kAma meM lAI jAne vAlI tulanAtmaka tathA aitihAsika dRSTi yathAsaMbhava paribhASA, vicAra aura sAhitya ina tIna pradezoM taka hI sImita rhegii| 1. jJAna kI sAmAnya carcA . granthakAra ne grantha kI poThikA racate samaya usa ke viSayabhUta jJAna kI hI sAmAnya rUpa se pahale carcA kI hai, jisameM unhoM ne dUsare aneka muddoM para zAstrIya prakAza DAlA hai / ve mudde ye haiM 1. jJAna sAmAnya kA lakSaNa

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361 zAna kI sAmAnya carcA 2. usakI pUrNa-apUrNa avasthAeM tathA una avasthAoM ke kAraNa aura pratibandhaka karma kA vizleSaNa 3. jJAnAvAraka karma kA svarUpa 4. eka tatva meM 'zrAvRtAnAvRtatva' ke virodha kA parihAra 5. vedAntamata meM 'zrAvRtAnavRtatva' kI anupapatti 6. apUrNAnagata tAratamya tathA usakI nivRtti kA kAraNa 7.kSayopazama kI prakriyA / 1. [1]' granthakAra ne zurU hI meM jJAnasAmAnya kA jainasammata aisA sparUpa batalAyA hai ki jo eka mAtra AtmA kA guNa hai aura jo sva tathA para kA prakAzaka hai vaha jJAna hai| jainasammata isa jJAnasvarUpa kI darzanAntarIya jJAnasvarUpa ke sAtha tulanA karate samaya AryacintakoM kI mukhya do vicAradhArAe~ dhyAna meM AtI haiN| pahalI dhArA hai sAMkhya aura vedAnta meM, aura dUsarI hai bauddha, nyAya Adi darzanoM meM / prathama dhArA ke anusAra, jJAna guNa aura cit zakti ina donoM kA aAdhAra eka nahIM hai, kyoMki puruSa aura brahma hI usa meM cetana mAnA gayA hai; jaba ki puruSa aura brahma se atirikta antaHkaraNa ko hI usameM jJAna kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha prathama dhArA ke anusAra cetanA aura jJAna donoM bhinnabhinna AdhAragata haiN| dUsarI dhArA, caitanya aura jJAna kA zrAdhAra bhinna-bhinna na mAna kara, una donoM ko eka AdhAragata ataeva kAraNa kAryarUpa mAnatI hai| bauddhadarzana citta meM, jise vaha nAma bhI kahatA hai, caitanya aura jJAna kA astitva mAnatA hai| jaba ki nyAyAdi darzana kSaNika citta ke bajAya sthira AtmA meM hI caitanya aura jJAna kA astitva mAnate haiN| jaina darzana dUsarI vicAradhArA kA avalambI hai| kyoMki vaha eka hI Atmatattva meM kAraNa rUpa se cetanA ko aura kArya rUpa se usa ke jJAna paryAya ko mAnatA hai| upAdhyAyajI ne usI bhAva jJAna ko AtmaguNa-dharma kaha kara prakaTa kiyA hai / 2. upAdhyAyajI ne phira batalAyA hai ki jJAna pUrNa bhI hotA hai aura apUrNa bhii| yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai ki jaba zrAramA cetanasvabhAva hai taba usa meM jJAna kI kabhI apUrNatA aura kabhI pUrNatA kyoM ? isakA uttara dete samaya upAdhyAya jI ne karmasvabhAva kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki [2] aAtmA para eka aisA bhI AvaraNa hai jo cetanA-zakti ko pUrNarUpa meM kArya karane nahIM 1 isa taraha catuSkoNa koSThaka meM diye gae ye aMka jJAnabindu ke mUla grantha kI kaMDikA ke sUcaka haiN|

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52 - jaina dharma aura darzana detA / yahI zrAvaraNa pUrNa jJAna kA pratibandhaka hone se kevalajJAnAvaraNa kahalAtA hai / yaha zrAvaraNa jaise pUrNa jJAna kA pratibandha karatA hai vaise hI apUrNa jJAna kA janaka bhI banatA hai / eka hI kevalajJAnAvaraNa ko pUrNa jJAna kA to pratibandhaka aura usI samaya apUrNa jJAna kA janaka bhI mAnanA cAhie / apUrNa jJAna ke mati zruta Adi cAra prakAra haiM / aura una ke matijJAnAvaraNa Adi cAra AvaraNa bhI pRthaka-pRthaka mAne gae haiN| una cAra AvaraNoM ke kSayopazama se hI mati zrAdi cAra apUrNa jJAnoM kI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| tatra yahAM, una apUrNa jJAnoM kI utpatti kevalajJAnAvaraNa se kyoM mAnanA ? aisA prazna sahaja hai / usakA uttara upAdhyAyajI ne zAstrasammata [ 3 ] kaha kara hI diyA hai, phira bhI vaha uttara una kI spaSTa sUjha kA pariNAma hai; kyoMki isa uttara ke dvArA upAdhyAyajI ne jaina zAstra meM cira pracalita eka pakSAntara kA sayuktika nirAsa kara diyA hai / vaha pakSAntara aisA hai ki jaba kevalajJAnAvaraNa ke kSaya se mukta zrAtmA meM kevalajJAna prakaTa hotA hai, tatra matijJAnAvaraNa Adi cAroM zrAvaraNa ke kSaya se kevalI meM mati Adi cAra jJAna bhI kyoM na mAne jAe~ ? isa prazna ke javAba meM, koI eka pakSa kahatA hai ki-- kevalI meM mati Adi cAra jJAna utpanna to hote haiM para ve kevalajJAna se abhibhUta hone ke kAraNa kAryakArI nahIM / isa cirapracalita pakSa ko rniyuktika siddha karane ke lie upAdhyAyajI ne eka naI yukti upasthita kI hai ki apUrNa jJAna to kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA hI kArya hai, cAhe usa apUrNa jJAna kA tAratamya yA vaividhya matijJAnAvaraNa Adi zeSa cAra AvaraNoM ke kSayopazama vaividhya kA kArya kyoM na ho, para apUrNa jJAnAvasthA mAtra pUrNa jJAnAvasthA ke pratimandhaka kevalajJAnAvaraNa ke sivAya kabhI sambhava hI nahIM / zrataeva kevalI meM jaba kevalajJAnAvaraNa nahIM hai tatra tajanya koI bhI mati Adi apUrNa jJAna kevalI meM ho hI kaise sakate haiM sacamuca upAdhyAyajI kI yaha yukti zAstrAnukUla hone para bhI unake pahale kisI ne isa taraha spaSTa rUpa se sujhAI nahIM hai / 3. [ 4 ] saghana megha aura sUrya prakAza ke sAtha kevalajJAnAvaraNa aura cetanAzakti kI zAstraprasiddha tulanA ke dvArA upAdhyAyajI ne jJAnAvaraNa karma ke svarUpa ke bAre meM do bAteM khAsa sUcita kI hai| eka to yaha, ki AvaraNa karma eka prakAra kA dravya hai; aura dUsarI yaha, ki vaha dravya kitanA hI niciDa --- utkaTa kyoM na ho, phira bhI vaha ati svaccha abhra jaisA hone se apane zrAvArya jJAna guNa ko sarvathA AvRta kara nahIM sakatA / karma ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhAratIya cintakoM kI do paramparAe~ haiM / bauddha, nyAya darzana Adi kI eka aura sAMkhya, vedAMta Adi kI dUsarI hai / bauddha darzana

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. . AvaraNa klezAvaraNa,' zeyAvaraNa Adi aneka karmAvaraNoM ko mAnatA hai / para usake matAnusAra citta kA vaha AvaraNa mAtra saMskArarUpa phalita hotA hai jo ki dravyasvarUpa nahIM hai| nyAya Adi darzanoM ke anusAra bhI jJAnAvaraNa-ajAna, jJAnaguNa kA prAgabhAva mAtra hone se abhAva rUpa hI phalita hotA hai, dravyarUpa nhiiN| jaba ki sAMkhya, vedAnta ke anusAra AvaraNa jar3a dravyarUpa avazya siddha hotA hai / sAMkhya ke anusAra buddhisattva kA AvAraka tamoguNa hai jo eka sUkSma jar3a dravyAMza mAtra hai| vedAnta ke anusAra bhI AvaraNa--ajJAna nAma se vastutaH eka prakAra kA jar3a dravya hI mAnA gayA hai jise sAMkhya-paribhASA ke anusAra prakRti yA antaHkaraNa kaha sakate haiM / vedAnta ne mUla-ajJAna aura avasthA-ajJAna rUpa se yA mUlAvidyA aura tulAvidyA rUpa se anekavidha AvaraNoM kI kalpanA kI hai jo jar3a dravyarUpa hI haiN| jaina paraMparA to jJAnAvaraNa karma ho yA dUsare karma-saba ko atyanta spaSTa rUpa se eka prakAra kA jar3a dravya batalAtI hai| para isake sAtha hI yaha ajJAna-rAgadveSAtmaka pariNAma, jo Atmagata hai aura jo paudgalika karma-dravya kA kAraNa tathA kArya bhI hai, usako bhAva karma rUpa se bauddha zrAdi darzanoM kI taraha saMskArAtmaka mAnatI hai / jainadarzanaprasiddha jJAnAvaraNIya zabda ke sthAna meM nIce likhe zabda darzanAntaroM meM prasiddha haiN| bauddhadarzana meM avidyA aura jJayAvaraNa / sAMkhya-yogadarzana meM avidyA aura prakAzAvaraNa / nyAya-vaizeSika-vedAnta darzana meM avidyA aura ajnyaan| 4 [ pR0 2. paM0 3] AvRtatva aura anAvRtatva paraspara viruddha hone se kisI eka vastu meM eka sAtha raha nahIM sakate aura pUrvokta prakriyA ke anusAra to eka hI cetanA eka samaya meM kevalajJAnAvaraNa se AvRta bhI aura anAvRta bhI mAnI gaI hai, so kaise ghaTa sakegA ? isakA javAba upAdhyAyajI ne anekAnta dRSTi se diyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki yadyapi cetanA eka hI hai phira bhI pUrNa aura apUrNa prakAzarUpa nAnA jJAna usake paryAya haiM jo ki cetanA se kathaJcit bhinnA 1 dekho, tattvasaMgraha paMjikA, pR0 866 / 2 syAdvAdara0, pR0 1101 / 3 dekho, syAdvATara0, pR0 1103 / 4 dekho, vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha, pR0 21; tathA nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 806 / / 5 vedAntaparibhASA, pR0 72 / / 6 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, gA0 6 / /

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REY jaina dharma aura darzana bhinna haiN| kevalazAnAvaraNa ke dvArA pUrNa prakAza ke prAvRta hone ke samaya hI usake dvArA apUrNa prakAza anAvRta bhI hai| isa taraha do bhinna paryAyoM meM hI zrAvRtatva aura anAvRtatva hai jo ki paryAyArthika dRSTi se sughaTa hai| phira bhI jaba dravyArthika dRSTi kI vivakSA ho, taba dravya kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa, pUrNa aura apUrNajJAna rUpa paryAya, dravyAtmaka cetanA se bhinna nhiiN| ataeva usa dRSTi se ukta do paryAyagata AvRtatva-anAvRtatva ko eka cetanAyata mAnane aura kahane meM koI virodha nahIM / upAdhyAyajI ne dravyArthika-paryAyArthika dRSTi kA viveka sUcita karake Aramatattva kA jaina darzana sammata pariNAmitva svarUpa prakaTa kiyA hai jo ki kevala nityatva yA kUTasthatvavAda se bhinna hai / ... 5. [5] upAdhyAyajI ne jaina dRSTi ke anusAra 'zrAvRtAnAvRtatva' kA samarthana hI nahIM kiyA balki isa viSaya meM vedAnta mata ko ekAntavAdI mAna kara usakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| jaise vedAnta brahma ko ekAnta kuTastha mAnatA hai vaise hI sAMkhya-yoga bhI puruSa ko ekAnta kuTastha ataeva nirlepa, nirvikAra aura niraMza mAnatA hai| isI taraha nyAya Adi darzana bhI AtmA ko ekAnta nitya .hI mAnate haiN| taba granthakAra ne ekAntavAda meM 'AvRtAnAvRtatva' kI anupapatti sirpha vedAnta mata kI samAlocanA dvArA hI kyoM dikhAI ? arthAt unhoMne sAMkhyayoga Adi matoM ko bhI samAlocanA kyoM nahIM kI? yaha prazna avazya hotA hai / isakA javAba yaha jAna par3atA hai ki kevala jJAnAvaraNa ke dvArA cetanA kI 'zrAvRtAnAvRtatva' viSayaka prastuta carcA kA jitanA sAmya (zabdataH aura arthataH) vedAnta darzana ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai utanA sAMkhya Adi darzanoM ke sAtha nahIM / jaina darzana zuddha cetanatattva ko mAna kara usa meM kevalajJAnAvaraNa kI sthiti mAnatA hai aura usa cetana ko usa kevalajJAnAvaraNa kA viSaya bhI mAnatA hai| jainamatAnusAra kevalajJAnAvaraNa cetanatattva meM hI raha kara anya padArthoM kI taraha svAzraya cetana ko bhI AvRta karatA hai jisase ki sva paraprakAzaka cetanA na to apanA pUrNa prakAza kara pAtI hai aura na anya padArthoM kA hI pUrNa prakAza kara sakatI hai / vedAnta mata kI prakriyA bhI vaisI hI hai| vaha bhI ajJAna ko zuddha cidrUpa brahma meM hI sthita mAna kara, use usakA viSaya batalAkara kahatI hai ki ajJAna brahmaniSTha hokara hI use zrAvRta karatA hai jisase ki usakA 'akhaNDatva' zrAdi rUpa se to prakAza nahIM ho pAtA, taba bhI cidrapa se prakAza hotA hI hai / jaina prakriyA ke zuddha cetana aura kevalajJAnAvaraNa tathA vedAnta prakriyA ke cidrUpa brahma aura azAna padArtha meM, jitanA adhika sAmya hai utanA zAbdika aura Arthika sAmya, jaina prakriyA kA anya sAMkhya Adi prakriyA ke sAtha nahIM

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mati Adi kA tAratamya 365. hai / kyoMki sAMkhya yA anya kisI darzana kI prakriyA meM ajJAna ke dvArA cetana: yA AzmA ke tAnAvRta hone kA vaisA spaSTa aura vistRta vicAra nahIM hai, jaisA vedAnta prakriyA meM hai| isI kAraNa se upAdhyAyajI ne jaina prakriyA kA samarthana karane ke bAda usake sAtha bahuta aMzoM meM milatI-julatI vedAnta prakriyA: kA khaNDana kiyA hai para darzanAntarIya prakriyA ke khaNDana kA prayatna nahIM kiyA / upAdhyAya jI ne vedAnta mata kA nirAsa karate samaya usake do pakSoM kA pUrvapakSa rUpase ullekha kiyA hai / unhoMne pahalA pakSa vivaraNAcArya kA [5] aura dUsarA vAcaspati mizra kA [ 6 ] sUcita kiyA hai / vastutaH ' vedAnta darzana meM ve donoM pakSa bahuta pahale se pracalita haiM / brahma ko hI ajJAna kA Azraya aura viSaya mAnane vAlA prathama pakSa, surezvarAcArya kI 'naiSkarmyasiddhi' aura unake ziSya sarvajJAtmamuni ke 'saMkSepazArIrakavAttika' meM, savistara varNita hai / jIva ko jJAna kA zrAzraya aura brahma ko usakA viSaya mAnane vAlA dUsarA pakSa maNDana mizra kA kahA gayA hai| aisA hote hue bhI upAdhyAyajI ne pahale pakSa ko vivaraNAcArya- prakAzAtma yati kA aura dUsare ko vAcaspati mizra kA sUcita kiyA hai; isakA kAraNa khuda vedAnta darzana kI vaisI prasiddhi hai / vivaraNAcArya ne surezvara ke mata kA samarthana kiyA aura vAcaspati mizra ne maNDana mizra ke mata kA / isI se ve donoM pakSa kramazaH vivaraNAcArya aura vAcaspati mizra ke prasthAnarUpa se prasiddha hue / upAdhyAyajI ne isI prasiddhi ke anusAra ullekha kiyA hai / samAlocanA ke prastuta mudde ke bAre meM upAdhyAyajI kA kahanA itanA hI hai ki agara vedAMta darzana brahma ko sarvathA niraMza aura kUTastha svaprakAza mAnatA hai, taba vaha usa meM jJAna ke dvArA kisI bhI taraha se 'zrAvRtAnAvRtatva' ghaTA nahIM sakatA; jaisA ki jaina darzana ghaTA sakatA hai / 6. [ 7 ] jaina dRSTi ke anusAra eka hI cetanA meM 'zrAvRtAnAvRtasva' kI upapatti karane ke bAda bhI upAdhyAyajI ke sAmane eka vicAraNIya prazna AyA / vaha yaha ki kevalajJAnAvaraNa cetanA ke pUrNaprakAza ko AvRta karane ke sAtha hI jaba apUrNa prakAza ko paidA karatA hai, taba vaha apUrNa prakAza, ekamAtra kevalajJAnAvaraNarUpa kAraNa se janya hone ke kAraNa eka hI prakAra kA ho sakatA hai / kyoMki kAraNavaividhya ke sivAya kArya kA vaividhya sambhava nahIM / parantu jaina zAstra aura anubhava to kahatA hai ki apUrNa jJAna avazya tAratamyayukta hI hai / pUrNatA meM ekarUpatA kA honA saMgata hai para apUrNatA meM to ekarUpatA asaMgata hai / aisI 1 dekho, jJAnabindu ke TippaNa pR0 55 paM0 25 se /

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366 jaina dharma aura darzana dazA meM pUrNa jJAna ke tAratamya kA khulAsA kyA hai so zrApa batalAie ? | isa kA jabAba dete hue upAdhyAyajI ne asalI rahasya yahI batalAyA hai ki pUrNa zAna kevalajJAnAvaraNa-janita hone se sAmAnyatayA ekarUpa hI haiM, phira bhI usake avAntara tAratamya kA kAraNa anyAvaraNasaMbandhI kSayopazamoM kA vaividhya hai / ghanameghAvRta sUrya kA pUrNa - manda prakAza bhI vastra, kaTa, bhitti Adi upAdhibheda se nAnArUpa dekhA ho jAtA hai / ataeva matijJAnAvaraNa Adi anya AvaraNoM ke vividha kSayopazamoM se --- viralatA se manda prakAza kA tAratamya saMgata hai / jaba ekarUpa manda prakAza bhI upAdhibheda se citra vicitra saMbhava hai, taba yaha arthAt hI siddha ho jAtA hai ki una upAdhiyoM ke haTane para vaha vaividhya bhI khatama ho jAtA hai / jaba kevalajJAnAvaraNa kSINa hotA hai taba bArahaveM guNasthAna ke anta meM anya mati Adi cAra zrAvaraNa aura unake kSayopazama bhI nahIM rahate / isI se usa -samaya apUrNa jJAna kI tathA tadgata tAratamya kI nivRtti bhI ho jAtI hai / jaise ki sAndra meghapaTala tathA vastra Adi upAdhiyoM ke na rahane para sUrya kA manda prakAza tathA usakA vaividhya kucha bhI bAkI nahIM rahatA, ekamAtra pUrNa prakAza hI - svataH prakaTa hotA hai; vaise hI usa samaya cetanA bhI svata: pUrNatayA prakAzamAna hotI hai jo kaivalyajJAnAvasthA hai / I upAdhi kI nivRtti se upAdhikRta avasthAoM kI nivRtti catalAte samaya upAdhyAyajI ne AcArya haribhadra ke kathana kA havAlA dekara zrAdhyAtmika vikAsakrama ke svarUpa para jAnane lAyaka prakAza DAlA hai / unake kathana kA sAra yaha hai ki AtmA ke aupAdhika paryAya -- dharma bhI tIna prakAra ke haiM / jAti gati di paryAya mAtra karmodayarUpa - upAdhikRta haiM / zrataeva ve apane kAraNabhUta zraghAtI karmo ke sarvathA haTa jAne para hI mukti ke samaya nivRtta hote haiN| kSamA, santoSa Adi tathA mati jJAna zrAdi aise paryAya haiM jo kSayopazamajanya haiN| tAttvika dharmasaMnyAsa kI prApti hone para AThaveM Adi guNasthAnoM meM jaise jaise karma ke kSayopazama kA sthAna usakA kSaya prApta karatA jAtA hai vaise vaise kSayopazamarUpa upAdhi ke na rahane se una paryAyoM meM se tajanya vaividhya bhI calA jAtA hai / jo paryAya karmakSayajanya hone se kSAyika arthAt pUrNa aura ekarUpa hI haiM una paryAyoM kA astitva gara 'dehavyApArAdirUpa upAdhisahita haiM, to una pUrNa paryAyoM kA bhI astitva mukti meM ( jaba ki dehAdi upAdhi nahIM hai ) nahIM rahatA / arthAt usa samaya ve pUrNa paryAya hote to haiM, para sopAdhika nahIM; jaise ki sadeha kSAyikacAritra bhI mukti meM nahIM mAnA jAtA / upAdhyAyajI ne ukta carcA se yaha batalAyA hai ki AtmaparyAya - vaibhAvika -- udayajanya ho yA svAbhAvika para agara ve sopAdhika haiM to apanI

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dArzanika paribhASAoM kI tulanA 367 apanI upAdhi haTane para ve nahIM rahate / mukta dazA meM sabhI paryAya sava prakAra kI bAhya upAdhi se mukta hI mAne jAte haiM / dArzanika paribhASAoM kI tulanA upAdhyAyajI ne jainaprakriyA anusArI jo bhAva jaina paribhASA meM batalAyA hai vahI bhAva paribhASAbheda se itara bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI yathAvat dekhA jAtA hai / sabhI darzana zradhyAtmika vikAsakrama batalAte hue saMkSepa meM utkaTa mumukSA, jIvanmukti aura videhamukti ina tIna avasthAoM ko samAna rUpa se mAnate haiM, aura ve jIvanmukta sthiti meM, jaba ki kleza aura moha kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai tathA pUrNa jJAna pAyA jAtA hai; vipAkArambhI AyuSa zrAdi karma kI upAdhi se dehadhAraNa aura jIvana kA astitva mAnate haiM; tathA jatra videha mukti prApta hotI hai taba ukta AyuSa Adi karma kI upAdhi sarvathA na rahane se tajanya dehadhAraNa Adi kArya kA bhAva mAnate haiM / ukta tIna avasthAoM ko spaSTa rUpa se jatAne vAlI dArzanika paribhASAoM kI tulanA isa prakAra hai 2. jIvanmukti sayogi-yogiguNasthAna; sarvajJatva, hattva | asaMprajJAta, dharmamegha / svarUpapratiSThaciti, kaivalya yAyAvaraNahAni, nirvANa, nirAzravasarvazatva, zrahatva | cittasaMtati / viyukta yogI apavarga svarUpalAbha, brahmasAkSAtkAra, brahmaniSThatva / mukti / dArzanika itihAsa se jAna par3atA hai ki hara eka darzana kI apanI-apanI ukta paribhASA bahuta purAnI hai / ataeva unase bodhita hone vAlA vicArastrota to aura bhI purAnA samajhanA cAhie / [8] upAdhyAyajI ne jJAna sAmAnya kI carcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue jJAnanirUpaNa meM bAra-bAra Ane vAle kSayopazama zabda kA bhAva batalAyA hai / eka mAtra jaina sAhitya meM pAye jAne vAle kSayopazama zabda kA vivaraNa unhoMne Arhata mata ke rahasyajJAtAoM kI prakriyA ke anusAra usI kI paribhASA meM kiyA 1 jaina 1 utkaTa mumukSA tAttvika dharmasaMnyAsa, kSapaka zreNI / 2 sAMkhya-yoga paravairAgya, prasaMkhyAna, saMprajJAta | klezAvaraNahAni, nairAtmyadarzana / 2 bauddha 4 nyAya-vaizeSika yukta yogI 5. vedAnta nirvikalpaka samAdhi 3 videhamukti mukti, siddhatva /

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..jaina dharma aura darzana hai| unhoMne ati vistRta aura ati vizada varNana ke dvArA jo rahasya prakaTa kiya hai vaha digambara-zvetAmbara donoM paraMparAoM ko eka-sA sammata hai / 'pUjyapAda ne apanI lAkSaNika zailI meM kSayopazama kA svarUpa ati saMkSepa meM spaSTa hI kiyA hai| rAjavArtikakAra ne usa para kucha aura vizeSa prakAza DAlA hai| parantu isa viSaya para jitanA aura jaisA vistRta tathA vizada varNana zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM khAsakara malayagirIya TIkAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai utanA aura vaisA vistRta va vizada varNana hamane abhI taka kisI bhI digambarIya prAcIna-arvAcIna grantha meM nahIM dekhA / jo kucha ho para zvetAmbara-digambara donoM paraMparAoM kA prastuta viSaya meM vicAra aura paribhASA kA aikya sUcita karatA hai ki kSayopazamaviSayaka prakriyA anya kaI prakriyAoM kI taraha bahuta purAnI hai aura usako jaina tattvajJoM ne hI isa rUpa meM itanA adhika vikasita kiyA hai / kSayopazama kI prakriyA kA mukhya vaktavya itanA hI hai ki adhyavasAya kI vividhatA hI karmagata vividhatA kA kAraNa hai| jaisI-jaisI rAgadveSAdika ko tIvratA yA mandatA vaisA-vaisA hI karma kI vipAkajanaka zakti kA-rasa kA tIvratva yA mandatva / karma kI zubhAzubhatA ke tAratamya kA AdhAra eka mAtra adhyavasAya kI zuddhi tathA azuddhi kA tAratamya hI hai / janna adhyavasAya meM saMkleza kI mAtrA tIvra ho taba tajjanya azubha karma meM azubhatA tIvra hotI hai aura tajjanya zubha karma meM zubhatA manda hotI hai / isake viparIta jaba adhyavasAya meM vizuddhi kI mAtrA bar3hane ke kAraNa saMkleza kI mAtrA manda ho jAtI hai taba tajjanya zubha karma meM zubhatA kI mAtrA to tIca hotI hai aura tajjanya azubha karma meM azubhatA manda ho jAtI hai / adhyavasAya kA aisA bhI bala hai jisase ki kucha tIvratamavipAkI kauza kA to udaya ke dvArA hI nimUla nAza ho jAtA hai aura kucha vaise hI karmAMza vidyamAna hote hue bhI akiJcitkara bana jAte haiM, tathA mandavipAkI karmAza hI anubhava meM aAte haiM / yahI sthiti kSayopazama kI hai| Upara karmazakti aura usake kAraNa ke saMbandha meM jo jaina siddhAnta batalAyA hai vaha zabdAntara se aura rUpAntara se ( saMkSepa meM hI sahI) sabhI punarjanmavAdI darzanAntaroM meM pAyA jAtA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura bauddha darzanoM meM yaha spaSTa batalAyA hai ki jaisI rAga-dveSa-moharUpa kAraNa kI tIvratA-mandatA vaisI dharmAdharma yA karma saMskAroM kI tIvratA-maMdatA / vedAMta darzana bhI jaina sammata karma kI tIvra-maMda zakti kI taraha ajJAna gata nAnAvidha tIvra-maMda zaktiyoM kA varNana karatA hai, jo tattvajJAna kI utpatti ke pahale se lekara tatvajJAna kI utpatti ke bAda bhI yathA 1. dekho, jJAnabidu TippaNa pR0 62, paM0 se /

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kSayopazama 366. - saMbhava kAma karatI rahatI haiM | itara saba darzanoM kI apekSA ukta viSaya meM jaina darzana ke sAtha yoga darzana kA adhika sAmya hai| yoga darzana meM klezoM kI jo prasuta, tanu, vicchinna aura udAra - ye cAra avasthAe~ batalAI haiM be jaina paribhASA ke anusAra karma kI sattAgata, kSAyopazamika aura zradayika avasthAe~ haiM F zrataeva khuda upAdhyAyajI ne pAtaJjalayogasUtroM ke Upara kI apanI saMkSipta vRtti maiM pataJjali aura usake bhASyakAra kI karma viSayaka vicArasaraNI tathA paribhASAoM ke sAtha jaina prakriyA kI tulanA ko hai, jo vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai / ---dekhI, yogadarzana, yazo0 2.4 | yaha saba hote hue bhI karma viSayaka jainetara varNana aura jaina varNana meM khAsa aMtara bhI najara AtA hai| pahalA to yaha ki jitanA vistRta, jitanA vizada aura jitanA pRthakkaraNavAlA varNana jaina graMthoM meM hai utanA vistRta, vizada aura pRthakkaraNa yukta karma varNana kisI anya jainetara sAhitya meM nahIM hai / dUsarA aMtara yaha hai ki jaina ciMtakoM ne amUrta adhyavasAyoM yA pariNAkoM kI tIvratA - maMdatA tathA zuddhi-zuddhi ke durUha tAratamya ko paudgalika ' -- mUrta karma racanAoM ke dvArA vyakta karane kA evaM samajhAne kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha kisI anya ciMtaka ne nahIM kiyA hai / yahI saca hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM karma viSayaka eka svataMtra sAhitya rAzi hI cirakAla se vikasita hai / 1 nyAyasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne zradRSTa ke svarUpa ke saMbandha meM pUrva pakSa rUpa se eka mata kA nirdeza kiyA hai / jisameM unhoMne kahA hai ki koI adRSTa ko paramANuguNa mAnane vAle bhI haiM -- nyAyabhASya 3. 2. 66 / vAcaspati mizra ne usa mata ko spaSTarUpeNa jainamata ( tAtparya0 pR0 584 ) kahA hai / jayanta ne ( nyAyamaM0 pramANa 0 pR0 255 ) bhI paudgalika dRSTavAdI rUpa se jaina mata ko hI batalAyA hai aura phira una sabhI vyAkhyAkAroM ne usa mata kI samAlocanA kI hai / jAna par3atA hai ki nyAyasUtra ke kisI vyAkhyAtA ne mata ko ThIka ThIka nahIM samajhA hai| jaina darzana mukhya rUpa se pariNAma ho mAnatA hai / usane pudgaloM ko jo karma- adRSTa kahA hai vaha upacAra hai| jaina zAstroM meM zrAsavajanya yA Asavajanaka rUpa se paudgalika karma kA jo vistRta vicAra hai aura karma ke sAtha pudgala zabda kA jo bAra-bAra prayoga dekhA jAtA hai usI se vAtsyAyana Adi sabhI vyAkhyAkAra bhrAnti yA adhUre jJAnavaza khaNDana meM pravRtta hue jAna par3ate haiM / dRSTaviSayaka jaina dRSTa ko zrAtma

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400 jaina dharma aura darzana 2 mati-zruta jJAna kI carcA jJAna kI sAmAnya rUpa se vicAraNA karane ke bAda granthakAra ne usakI vizeSa vicAraNA karane kI dRSTi se usa ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se prathama mati aura zruta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yadyapi varNanakrama kI dRSTi se mati jJAna kA pUrNarUpeNa nirUpaNa karane ke bAda hI zruta kA nirUpaNa prApa hai, phira bhI mati aura zruta kA svarUpa eka dUsare se itanA vivikta nahIM hai ki eka ke nirUpaNa ke samaya dUsare ke nirUpaNa ko TAlA jA sake isI se donoM kI carcA sAtha sAtha kara dI gaI hai [ pR0 16 pN06]| isa carcA ke AdhAra se tathA usa bhAga para saMgRhIta aneka TippaNoM ke AdhAra se jina khAsa khAsa muddoM para yahA~ vicAra karanA hai, ve mudde ye haiM--- (1) mati aura zruta kI medarekhA kA prayatna / (2) zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita mati kA prazna / (3) caturvidha vAkyArtha jJAna kA itihAsa / (4) ahiMsA ke svarUpa kA vicAra tathA vikAsa / (5) SaTsthAnapatitatva aura pUrvagata gaathaa| (6) mati jJAna ke vizeSa nirUpaNa meM nayA UhApoha / (1) mati aura zruta kI bhedarekhA kA prayatna jaina karmazAstra ke prArambhika samaya se hI jJAnAvaraNa karma ke pA~ca bhedoM meM matijJAnAvaraNa aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa ye donoM uttara prakRtiyA~ bilakula judI mAnI gaI haiN| ataeva yaha bhI siddha hai ki una prakRtiyoM ke AvArya rUpase mAne gae mati aura zruta jJAna bhI svarUpa meM eka dUsare se bhinna hI zAstrakAroM ko iSTa haiM / mati aura zruta ke pArasparika bheda ke viSaya meM to yurAkAla se hI koI matabheda na thA aura Aja bhI usa meM koI matabheda dekhA nahIM jAtA; para ina donoM kA svarUpa itanA adhika saMmizrita hai yA eka dUsare ke itanA adhika nikaTa hai ki una donoM ke bIca bhedaka rekhA sthira karanA bahuta kaThina kArya hai; aura kabhI-kabhI to vaha kArya asaMbhava sA bana jAtA hai| mati aura zruta ke bIca bheda hai yA nahIM, agara hai to usakI sImA kisa taraha nirdhArita karanA; isa bAre meM vicAra karane vAle tIna prayatna jaina vAGmaya meM dekhe jAte haiN| pahalA prayatna AgamAnusArI hai, dUsarA AgamamUlaka tArkika hai, aura tIsarA zuddha tArkika hai / [46 ] pahale prayatna ke anusAra mati jJAna vaha kahalAtA hai jo indriyamanojanya hai tathA avagraha Adi cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / aura zruta jJAna vaha

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26 401 mati aura bhuta kA bheda kahalAtA hai jo aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya rUpa se jaina paraMparA meM lokottara zAstra ke nAma se prasiddha hai, tathA jo jainetara vAGmaya laukika zAstrarUpa se kahA gayA hai| isa prayatna meM mati aura zruta kI bhedarekhA suspaSTa hai, kyoMki isameM zrutapada jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna evaM pavitra mAne jAnevAle zAstra mAtra se pradhAnatayA saMbandha rakhatA hai, jaisA ki usa kA sahodara zruti pada vaidika paraMparA ke prAcIna evaM pavitra mAne jAne vAle zAstroM se mukhyatayA saMbandha rakhatA hai| yaha prayatna Agamika isalie hai ki usameM mukhyatayA AgamaparaMparA kA hI anusaraNa hai| 'anuyogadvAra' tathA 'tattvArthAdhigama sUtra' meM pAyA jAnevAlA zrata kA varNana isI prayatna kA phala hai, jo bahuta purAnA jAna par3atA hai| (dekho, anuyogadvAra sUtra sU0 3 se aura tatvArtha 1.20) / [15, 26 se ] dUsare prayatna meM mati aura zrata kI bhedarekhA to mAna hI lI gaI hai; para usa meM jo kaThinAI dekhI jAtI hai vaha hai bhedaka rekhA kA sthAna nizcita karane kii| pahale kI apekSA dusarA prayatna vizeSa vyApaka hai; kyoMki pahale prayatna ke anusAra zruta jJAna jaba zabda se hI saMbandha rakhatA hai taba dUsare prayatna meM zabdAtIta jJAnavizeSa ko bhI zruta mAna liyA gayA hai| dUsare prayatna ke sAmane jaba prazna huA ki mati jJAna meM bhI koI aMza sazabda aura koI aMza azabda hai, taba sazabda aura zabdAtIta mAne jAnevAle zruta jJAna se usakA bheda kaise samajhanA ? isakA javAba dUsare prayatna ne adhika gaharAI meM jAkara yaha diyA ki asala meM matilabdhi aura zrutalabdhi tathA matyupayoga aura zrutopayoga paraspara bilakula pRthak haiM, bhale hI ve donoM zAna sazabda tathA azabda rUpa se eka samAna hoN| dUsare prayatna ke anusAra donoM jJAnoM kA pArasparika bheda labdhi aura prayoga ke bheda kI mAnyatA para hI avalambita hai; jo ki jaina tattvajJAna meM cira-pracalita rahI hai| adara zruta aura anakSara zruta rUpa se jo zruta ke bheda jaina vAGmaya meM haiM - vaha isa dUsare prayatna kA pariNAma hai| 'Avazyakaniyukti' (ga0 16) aura 'nandIsUtra' (sU0 37 ) meM jo 'akkhara sannI samma' Adi caudaha zrutabheda sarva prathama dekhe jAte haiM aura jo kisI prAcIna digambarIya grantha meM hamAre dekhane meM nahIM Ae, unameM akSara aura anavara zruta ye do bheda sarva prathama hI Ate haiN| bAkI ke bAraha bheda unhIM do bhedoM ke AdhAra para apekSAvizeSa se ginAye hue haiN| yahA~ taka ki prathama prayatna ke phala svarUpa mAnA jAnevAlA aMgapraviSTa aura aMgavAhya zruta bhI dUsare prayatna ke phalasvarUpa mukhya akSara aura anakSara zruta meM samA jAtA hai| yadyapi akSarazruta Adi caudaha prakAra ke zruta kA nirdeza 'Avazyakaniyukti' tathA 'nandI' ke pUrvavattI granthoM meM dekhA nahIM jAtA,

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402 jaina dharma aura darzana 2 phira bhI una caudaha bhedoM ke AdhArabhUta akSarAnakSara zruta kI kalpanA to prAcIna ho jAna par3atI hai / kyoMki 'vizeSAvazyaka mAdhya' ( gA0 117 ) meM pUrvagatarUpa se jo gAthA lI gaI hai usa meM akSara kA nirdeza spaSTa hai / isI taraha digambara-zvetAmbara donoM paraMparA ke karma - sAhitya meM samAna rUpa se varNita zruta ke bIsa prakAroM meM bhI akSara zruta kA nirdeza hai / ara aura anakSara zruta kA vistRta varNana tathA donoM kA bhedapradarzana 'niyukti' ke AdhAra para zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kiyA hai' / bhaTTa akalaMka ne bhI akSarAnakSara zruta kA ullekha evaM nirvacana 'rAjavAtika' meM kiyA hai - jo ki 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / jinabhadra tathA kalaMka donoM ne akSarAnakSara zruta kA vyAkhyAna to kiyA hai, para donoM kA vyAkhyAna ekarUpa nahIM haiM / jo kucha ho para itanA to nizcita hI hai ki mati aura zruta jJAna kI bhedarekhA sthira karanevAle dUsare prayatna ke vicAra meM akSarAna ra zruta rUpa se sampUrNa mUka - vAcAla jJAna kA pradhAna sthAna rahA haiki usa bheda rekhA ko sthira karane vAle prathama prayatna ke vicAra meM kevala zAstrajJAna hI zrutarUpa se rahA hai| dUsare prayatna ko zrAgamAnusArI tArkika isalie kahA hai ki usameM Agamika paraMparAsammata mati aura zruta ke bheda ko to mAna hI liyA hai; para usa bheda ke samarthana meM tathA usakI rekhA A~kane ke prayatna meM, kyA digambara kyA zvetAmbara sabhI ne bahuta kucha tarka para daur3a lagAI hai / I --jaba 6 [50 ] tIsarA prayatna zuddha tArkika hai jo sirpha siddhasena divAkara kA hI jAna par3atA hai / unhoMne mati aura zruta ke bheda ko hI mAnya nahIM rakhA zrataeva unhoMne bhedarekhA sthira karane kA prayatna bhI nahIM kiyA / divAkara kA yaha prayatna zrAgamanirapekSa tarkAvalambI hai / aisA koI zuddha tArkika prayatna, digambara vAmaya meM dekhA nahIM jaataa| mati aura zruta kA bheda darzAnevAlA yaha prayatna siddhasena divAkara kI khAsa vizeSatA sUcita karatA hai / vaha vizeSatA yaha ki unakI dRSTi vizeSatayA zrabhedagAminI rahI, jo ki usa yuga meM pradhAnatayA pratiSThita dvaita bhAvanA kA phala jAna par3atA hai / kyoMki unhoMne na kevala mati aura zruta meM hI Agamasiddha bhedarekhA ke viruddha tarka kiyA, balki avadhi aura 1 dekho, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 464 se / 2 dekho, rAjavArtika 1.20.15 / 3] dekho, nizcayadvAtriMzikA zlo0 16; jJAnavindu pR0 16 / 4 dekho, nizcayadvA0 17; jJAnabindu pR0 18 |

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mati aura zruta kA bheda 403 manaHparyAya meM tathA ' kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana meM mAne jAnevAle zrAgamasiddha bheda ko bhI tarka ke bala para mAnya kiyA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne mati aura zruta kI carcA karate hue unake bheda, bheda kI sImA aura abheda ke bAre meM, apane samaya taka ke jaina vAGmaya meM jo kucha ciMtana pAyA jAtA thA usa satra kA, apanI viziSTa zailI se upayoga karake, uparyukta tInoM prayatnoM kA samarthana sUkSmatApUrvaka kiyA hai / upadhyAyajI kI sUkSma dRSTi pratyeka prayatna ke AdhArabhUta dRSTibindu taka pahu~ca jAtI hai / isalie ve paraspara virodhI dikhAI dene vAle pakSabhedoM kA bhI samarthana kara pAte haiM / jaina vidvAnoM meM upAdhyAyajI hI eka aise hue jinhoMne mati aura zruta kI zrAgamasiddha bhedarekhAoM ko ThIka-ThIka batalAte hue bhI siddha sena ke abhedagAmI pakSa ko 'navya' zabda ke [50 ] dvArA zleSa se navIna aura stutya sUcita karate hue, sUkSma aura hRdayaGgama tArkika zailI se samarthana kiyA / mati aura zruta kI bhedarekhA sthira karanevAle tathA use miTAne vAle aise tIna prayatnoM kA jo Upara varNana kiyA hai, usakI darzanAntarIya jJAnamImAMsA ke sAtha jaba hama tulanA karate haiM, taba bhAratIya tattvajJoM ke cintana kA vikAsakrama tathA usakA eka dUsare para par3A huA asara spaSTa dhyAna meM AtA hai / prAcInatama samaya se bhAratIya dArzanika paraMparAe~ Agama ko svatantra rUpa se alaga hI pramANa mAnatI rhiiN| sabase pahale zAyada tathAgata buddha ne hI zrAgama ke svatantra prAmANya para Apatti uThAkara spaSTa rUpa se yaha ghoSita kiyA ki tuma loga mere vacana ko bhI anubhava aura tarka se jA~ca kara hI mAnora / pratyakSAnubhAva aura tarka para buddha ke dvArA itanA adhika bhAra die jAne ke phalasvarUpa zrAgama ke svatantra prAmANya viruddha eka dUsarI bhI vicAradhArA prasphuTita huI / zrAgama ko svatantra aura atirikta pramANa mAnanevAlI vicAradhArA prAcInatama thI jo mImAMsA, nyAya aura sAMkhyayoga darzana meM Aja bhI akSuNNa hai, Agama ko atirikta pramANa na mAnane kI preraNA karane vAlI dUsarI vicAradhArA yadyapi apekSAkRta pIche kI hai, phira bhI usakA svIkAra kevala bauddha sampradAya taka hI sImita na rahA / usakA asara Age jAkara vaizeSika darzana ke vyAkhyAkAroM para bhI par3A 1 dekho, sanmati dvitIyakANDa, tathA jJAnavindu pR0 33 / 2 ' tApAcchedAcca nikaSAtsuvarNamiva paNDitaiH / parIkSya bhikSavo grAhyaM madhco - na tu gauravAt // " - tattvasaM0 kA 0 338 |

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* jaina dharma aura darzana jisase unhoMne Agama - zrutipramANa kA samAveza bauddhoM kI taraha anumAna meM hI kiyaa| isa taraha Agama ko atirikta pramANa na mAnane ke viSaya meM bauddha aura vaizeSika donoM darzana mUla meM paraspara viruddha hote hue bhI aviruddha sahodara bana gae / jaina paraMparA kI jJAnamImAMsA meM ukta donoM vicAradhArAe~ maujUda haiN| mati aura zruta kI bhinnatA mAnanevAle tathA usakI rekhA sthira karanevAle Upara varNana kiye gae Agamika tathA zrAgamAnusArI tArkika ina donoM prayatnoM ke mUla meM ve hI saMskAra haiM jo zrAgama ko svataMtra evaM atirikta pramANa mAnanevAlI prAcInatama vicAradhArA ke poSaka rahe haiM / zruta ko mati se alaga na mAnakara use usI kA eka prakAra mAtra sthApita karanevAlA divAkara zrI kA tIsarA prayatna Agama ko atirikta pramANa na mAnanevAlI dUsarI vicAradhArA ke asara se achUtA nahIM hai / isa taraha hama dekha sakate haiM ki apanI sahodara anya dArzanika paraM parAoM ke bIca meM hI jIvanadhAraNa karanevAlI tathA phalane-phUlanevAlI jaina paraMparA ne kisa taraha ukta donoM vicAradhArAoM kA apane meM kAlakrama se samAveza kara liyA / (2) zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita mati [ 16 ] mati jJAna kI carcA ke prasaGga meM zrutinizrita aura zrutanizrita bheda kA prazna bhI vicAraNIya hai / zrutanizrita mati jJAna vaha hai jisameM zrutajJAnajanya vAsanA ke udbodha se vizeSatA AtI hai / zrazrutanizrita mati jJAna to zrutajJAnajanya vAsanA ke prabodha ke sivAya hI utpanna hotA hai / arthAt jisa viSaya meM zrutanizrita mati jJAna hotA hai vaha viSaya pahale kabhI upalabdha avazya 1 dekho, prazastapAdabhASya pR0 576, vyomavatI pR0 577; kaMdalI 0213 / 2 yadyapi divAkarazrI ne apanI battIsI (nizcaya 0 16 ) meM mati aura zruta ke bheda ko sthApita kiyA hai phira bhI unhoMne cira pracalita mati zruta ke bheda kI sarvathA gaNanA nahIM kI hai| unhoMne nyAyAvatAra meM zrAgama pramANa ko svatantra rUpa se nirdiSTa kiyA hai / jAna par3atA hai isa jagaha divAkarazrI ne prAcIna paraMparA kA anusaraNa kiyA aura ukta battIsI meM apanA svatantra mata vyakta kiyA | isa taraha divAkara zrI ke graMthoM meM Agama pramANa ko svataMtra atirikta mAnane aura na mAnanevAlI donoM darzanAntarIya vicAradhArAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM jina kA svIkAra jJAnabindu meM upAdhyAyajI ne bhI kiyA hai / 3 dekho, jJAnabindu TippaNa pR0 70 /

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zrutanizrita aura zrutanibhita mati 405 hotA hai, jaba ki azrutanizrita mati jJAna kA viSaya pahale anupalabdha hotA hai / prazna yaha hai ki 'zAnabindu' meM upadhyAyajI ne matijJAna rUpa se jina zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita do bhedoM kA uparyukta spaSTokaraNa kiyA hai unakA aitihAsika sthAna kyA hai ? isakA khulAsA yaha jAna par3atA hai ki ukta donoM bheda utane prAcIna nahIM jitane prAcIna mati jJAna ke zravagraha Adi anya bheda haiN| kyoMki mati jJAna graha Adi tathA bahu, bahuvidha Adi sabhI prakAra zvetAmbara - digambara vAGmaya me N samAna rUpa se varNita haiM, taba zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita kA varNana eka mAtra zvetAmbarIya graMthoM meM hai / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhI ina bhedoM kA varNana sarvaprathama ' 'nandIsUtra meM hI dekhA jAtA hai / 'anuyogadvAra' meM tathA 'niryukti' taka meM zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita ke ullekha kA na honA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki yaha bheda saMbhavataH 'nandI' kI racanA ke samaya se vizeSa prAcIna nhiiN| ho sakatA hai ki vaha sUjha khuda nandIkAra kI hI ho / 2 yahA~ para vAcaka umAsvAti ke samaya ke viSaya meM vicAra karanevAloM ke lie dhyAna meM lene yogya eka vastu hai / vaha yaha ki vAcaka zrI ne jaba matijJAna ke anya saba prakAra varNita kiye haiM taba unhoMne zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita kA apane bhASya taka meM ullekha nahIM kiyA / svayaM vAcaka zrI, jaisA ki AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM, yathArtha meM utkRSTa saMgrAhaka haiN| agara unake sAmane maujUdA 'nandI sUtra' hotA to ve zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita kA kahIM na kahIM saMgraha karane se zAyada hI cUkate / zrutanizrita ke autpatti kI vainayikI Adi jina cAra 4 1 yadyapi zrutanizritarUpa se mAnI jAnevAlI zrautpattikI Adi cAra buddhiyoM kA nAmanirdeza bhagavatI (12. 5 ) meM aura Avazyaka niyukti ( gA0638) meM hai, jo ki avazya naMdI ke pUrvavartI haiM / phira bhI vahA~ unheM zrutanizrita zabda se nirdiSTa nahIM kiyA hai aura na bhagavatI Adi meM anyatra kahIM zrutanizrita zabda se graha Adi matijJAna kA varNana hai / ataeva yaha kalpanA hotI hai ki grahAdi rUpa se prasiddha mati jJAna tathA zrautpattikI Adi rUpa se prasiddha buddhiyoM kI kramazaH zrutanizrita aura zrutanizrita rUpa se matijJAna kI vibhAgavyavasthA nandi- kAra ne hI zAyada kI ho / 2 dekho, nandIsUtra, sU0 26, tathA jJAnabindu TippaNa pR0 70 / 3 dekho, tattvArtha 1.13-16 / 4 dekho, siddhama 2.2.36 /

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... jaina dharma aura darzana buddhiyoM kA tathA unake manoraMjaka dRSTAntoM kA varNana' pahale se pAyA jAtA hai, unako apane grantha meM kahIM na kahIM saMgRhIta karane ke lobha kA umAsvAti zAyada hI saMvaraNa karate / eka tarapha se, vAcakazrI ne kahIM bhI akSara-anakSara aAdi niyuktinirdiSTa zrutabhedoM kA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai aura dUsarI tarapha se, kahIM bhI nandI. varNita zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita matibheda kA saMgraha nahIM kiyA hai| jaba ki uttaravartI vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM donoM prakAra kA saMgraha tathA varNana dekhA jAtA hai / yaha vastusthiti sUcita karatI hai ki zAyada vAcaka umAsvAti kA samaya, niyukti ke usa bhAga kI racanA ke samaya se tathA nandI kI racanA ke samaya se kucha na kucha pUrvavartI ho / astu, jo kucha ho para upAdhyAyajI ne to jJAnabindu meM zruta se mati kA pArthakya batalAte samaya nandI meM varNita tathA vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM vyAkhyAta zrutanizrita aura azrutanizrita donoM bhedoM kI tAttvika samIkSA kara dI hai| (3) caturvidha vAkyArtha jJAna kA itihAsa [20-26 ] upAdhyAyajI ne eka dIrgha zrutopayoga kaise mAnanA yaha dikhAne ke lie cAra prakAra ke vAkyArtha jJAna kI manoraMjaka aura bodhaprada carcA kI hai aura use vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke lie AcArya haribhadra kRta 'upadezapada' Adi kA havAlA bhI diyA hai / yahA~ prazna yaha hai ki ye cAra prakAra ke vAkyArtha kyA haiM aura unakA vicAra kitanA purAnA hai aura vaha kisa prakAra se jaina vAGmaya meM pracalita rahA hai tathA vikAsa prApta karatA AyA hai| isakA javAba hameM prAcIna aura prAcInatara vAGmaya dekhane se mila jAtA hai| jaina paraMparA meM 'anugama' zabda prasiddha hai jisakA artha hai vyAkhyAnavidhi / anugama ke chaha prakAra aAryarakSita sUri ne anuyogadvAra sUtra ( sUtra0 155 ) meM batalAe haiM / jinameM se do anugama sUtrasparzI aura cAra arthasparzI hai / anugama zabda kA niyukti zabda ke sAtha sUtrasparzikaniyuktyanugama rUpa se ullekha anuyogadvAra sUtra se prAcIna hai isalie isa bAta meM to koI saMdeha rahatA hI nahIM ki yaha anugamapaddhati yA vyAkhyAna zailI jaina vAGmaya meM anuyogadvAra sUtra se purAnI aura niyukti ke prAcInatama stara kA hI bhAga hai jo saMbhavataH zrutakevalI bhadra 1 dRSTAntoM ke lie dekho nandI sUtra kI malayagiri kI TIkA, pR0 144 se / 2 dekho, vizeSA0 gA0 166 se, tathA gA0 454 se| 3 dekho, zAnabindu TippaNa pR0 73 se / . .

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caturvidha vAkyArthaM 407 bAhukartRka mAnI jAnevAlI niyukti kA hI bhAga honA cAhie / niyukti meM anugama zabda se jo vyAkhyAnavidhi kA samAveza huA hai vaha vyAkhyAnavidhi bhI vastutaH bahuta purAne samaya kI eka zAstrIya prakriyA rahI hai / hama jaba zrArya paraparA ke upalabdha vividha vAGmaya tathA unakI pAThazailI ko dekhate haiM taba isa anugama kI prAcInatA aura bhI dhyAna meM A jAtI hai / Arya paraMparA kI eka zAkhA jarathosthiyana ko dekhate haiM taba usameM bhI pavitra mAne jAnevAle avestA yadi granthoM kA prathama vizuddha uccAra kaise karanA, kisa taraha pada Adi kA vibhAga karanA ityAdi krama se vyAkhyAvidhi dekhate haiM / bhAratIya zrArya paraMparA kI vaidika zAkhA meM jo mantroM kA pATha sikhAyA jAtA hai aura kramazaH jo usakI arthavidhi batalAI gaI hai usakI jaina paraMparA meM prasiddha anugama ke sAtha tulanA kareM to isa bAta meM koI saMdeha hI nahIM rahatA ki yaha anugamavidhi vastutaH vahI hai jo jarathosthiyana dharma meM tathA vaidika dharma meM bhI pracalita thI aura Aja bhI pracalita hai / jaina aura vaidika paraMparA kI pATha tathA arthavidhi viSayaka tulanA -- 1. vaidika 1 saMhitApATha (maMtrapATha ) 2 padaccheda ( jisameM pada, krama, jaTA Adi ATha prakAra kI vividhAnupUrvayoM kA samAveza hai ) 2. jaina 1 saMhitA ( mUlasUtrapATha ) 1 2 pada 2 3 padArthajJAna 3 padArtha 3, padavigraha 4 4 vAkyArthajJAna 4 cAlanA 5. 5 tAtparyArthanirNaya 5. pratyavasthAna 6 jaise vaidika paraMparA meM zurU meM mUla maMtra ko zuddha tathA askhalita rUpa meM sikhAyA jAtA hai ; anantara unake padoM kA vividha vizleSaNa; isake bAda jaba arthavicAraNA-mImAMsA kA samaya AtA hai taba kramazaH pratyeka pada ke artha kA jJAna; phira pUre vAkya kA artha jJAna aura anta meM sAdhaka-bAdhaka carcApUrvaka tAtparyArtha kA nirNaya karAyA jAtA hai-- vaise hI jaina paraMparA meM bhI kama se kama niyukti ke prAcIna samaya meM sUtrapATha se arthanirNaya taka kA vahI krama pracalita thA jo anugama zabda se jaina paraMparA meM vyavahRta huA / zranugama ke chaha vibhAga jo anuyogadvArasUtra' meM haiM unakA paraMparA prApta varNana jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ne 9 1 dekho, anuyogadvArasUtra sU0 155 pR0 261 |

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200 jaina dharma aura darzana vistAra se kiyA hai' / saMghadAsa gaNi ne 'bRhatkalpabhASya' meM una chaha vibhAga ke varNana ke alAvA matAntara se pA~ca vibhAgoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / jo kucha ho; itanA to nizcita hai ki jaina paraMparA meM sUtra aura artha sikhAne ke saMbaMdha meM eka nizcita vyAkhyAnavidhi cirakAla se pracalita rahI / isI vyAkhyAnavidhi ko AcArya haribhadra ne apane dArzanika jJAna ke nae prakAza meM kucha navIna zabdoM meM navInatA ke sAtha vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / haribhadrasUri kI ukti meM kaI vizeSatAeM haiM jinheM jaina vAGmaya ko sarva prathama unhIM kI dena kahanI cAhie / unhoMne upadezapada meM arthAnugama ke cirapracalita cAra bhedoM ko kucha mImAMsA Adi darzanajJAna kA propa dekara nae cAra nAmoM ke dvArA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / donoM kI tulanA isa prakAra hai 1. prAcIna paraMparA 1 padArtha 2 padavigraha 3 cAlanA 4 pratyavasthAna 2. haribhadrIya 1 padArtha 2 vAkyArtha haribhadrIya vizeSatA kevala nae nAma meM hI nahIM hai| unakI dhyAna dene yogya vizeSatA to cAroM prakAra ke arthabodha kA taratama bhAva samajhAne ke lie diye gae laukika tathA zAstrIya udAharaNoM meM hai / jaina paraMparA meM hiMsA, nirgranthatva, dAna aura tapa Adi kA dharma rUpa se sarvaprathama sthAna hai, ataeva jaba eka tarapha se una dharmoM ke AcaraNa para grAtyantika bhAra diyA jAtA hai, taba dUsarI tarapha se usameM kucha apavAdoM kA yA chUToM kA rakhanA bhI anivArya rUpa se prApta ho jAtA hai / isa utsarga aura apavAda vidhi kI maryAdA ko lekara AcArya haribhadra ne ukta cAra prakAra ke arthabodhoM kA varNana kiyA hai / 3 mahAvAkyArtha 4 aimparyArtha jainadharma kI ahiMsA kA svarUpa hiMsA ke bAre meM jaina dharma kA sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki kisI bhI prANI kA kisI bhI prakAra se ghAta na kiyA jAe / yaha 'padArtha' huA / isa para prazna 1 dekho, vizeSAvazyakabhASya gA0 1002 se / 2 dekho, bRhatkalpabhASya gA0 302 se / 3 dekho, upadezapada gA0 856-885 /

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ahiMsA kI mImAMsA 406 hotA hai ki agara sarvathA prANighAta varjya hai to dharmasthAna kA nirmANa tathA ziromuNDana Adi kArya bhI nahIM kiye jA sakate jo ki kartavya samajhe jAte haiM / yaha zaMkAvicAra ' vAkyArtha' hai / avazya kartavya agara zAstravidhipUrvaka kiyA jAe to usameM honevAlA prANighAta doSAvaha nahIM, avidhikRta hI doSAvaha hai / yaha vicAra 'mahAvAkyArtha' hai / anta meM jo jinAjJA hai vahI eka mAtra upAdeya hai aisA tAtparya nikAlanA 'aidamparyArtha ' hai / isa prakAra sarva prANihiMsA ke sarvathA niSedharUpa sAmAnya niyama meM jo vidhivihita apavAdoM ko sthAna dilAnevAlA aura utsarga-apavAdarUpa dharmamArga sthira karanevAlA vicAra pravAha Upara dikhAyA gayA usako AcArya haribhadra ne laukika dRSTAntoM se samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / hiMsA kA prazna unhoMne prathama uThAyA hai jo ki jaina paraMparA kI jar3a hai / yoM to hiMsA samuccaya zrArya paraMparA kA sAmAnya dharma rahA hai| phira bhI dharma, krIDA, bhojana Adi aneka nimittoM se jo vividha hiMsAe~ pracalita rahIM unakA Atyantika virodha jaina paraMparA ne kiyA / isa virodha ke kAraNa hI usake sAmane prativAdiyoM kI tarapha se taraha-taraha ke prazna hone lage ki agara jaina sarvathA hiMsA kA niSedha karate haiM to ve khuda bhI na jIvita raha sakate haiM aura na dharmAcaraNa hI hI kara sakate haiM / ina praznoM kA javAba dene kI dRSTi se hI haribhadra ne jaina samata ahiMsAsvarUpa samajhAne ke lie cAra prakAra ke vAkyArtha bodha ke udAharaNa rUpa se sarvaprathama ahiMsA ke prazna ko hI hAtha meM liyA hai / dUsarA prazna nirgranthatva kA hai| jaina paraMparA meM grantha - vastrAdi parigraha rakhane na rakhane ke bAre meM dalabheda ho gayA thA / haribhadra ke sAmane yaha prazna khAsakara digambaratvapakSapAtiyoM kI tarapha se hI upasthita huA jAna par3atA hai / haribhadra ne jo dAna kA prazna uThAyA hai vaha karIba-karIba Adhunika terApaMthI saMpradAya kI vicArasaraNI kA pratibimba hai / yadyapi usa samaya terApaMtha yA vaisA hI dUsarA koI spaSTa paMtha na thA; phira bhI jaina paraMparA kI nivRtti pradhAna bhAvanA meM se usa samaya bhI dAna dene ke viruddha kisI-kisI ko vicAra zrA jAnA svAbhAvika thA jisakA javAba haribhadra ne diyA hai| jainasaMmata tapa kA virodha bauddha paraMparA pahale se hI karatI zraI hai / usI kA javAba haribhadra ne diyA hai / isa taraha jaina dharma ke prANabhUta siddhAntoM kA svarUpa unhoMne upadezapada meM cAra prakAra ke vAkyArthabodha kA nirUpaNa karane ke prasaMga meM spaSTa kiyA hai jo yAjJika vidvAnoM 1 dekho, majjhimanikAya sutta0 14 /

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410 jaina dharma aura darzana kI apanI hiMsA hiMsA viSayaka mImAMsA kA jaina dRSTi ke anusAra saMzodhita mArga hai| bhinna-bhinna samaya ke aneka RSiyoM ke dvArA sarvabhUtadayA kA siddhAnta to varga meM bahuta pahale hI sthApita ho cukA thA; jisakA pratighoSa hai -- 'mA . hiMsyAt sarvA bhUtAni ' --- yaha zrutikalpa vAkya yajJa Adi dharmoM meM prANivadha kA 'samarthana karanevAle mImAMsaka bhI usa ahiMsApratipAdaka pratighoSa ko pUrNatayA pramANa rUpa se mAnate Ae haiM / ataeva unake sAmane bhI ahiMsA ke kSetra meM yaha prazna to apane Apa hI upasthita ho jAtA thA / tathA sAMkhya Adi ardha vaidika paraMparAoM ke dvArA bhI vaisA prazna upasthita ho jAtA thA ki jaba hiMsA ko niSiddha va niSThajananI tuma mImAMsaka bhI mAnate ho taba yajJa Adi prasaMgoM meM, kI jAnevAlI hiMsA bhI, hiMsA hone ke kAraNa aniSTajanaka kyoM nahIM ? aura jaba hiMsA ke nAte yajJIya hiMsA bhI aniSTajanaka siddha hotI hai taba use dharma kA- iSTa kA nimitta mAnakara yajJa Adi karmoM meM kaise kartavya mAnA jA sakatA hai ? isa prazna kA javAba binA die vyavahAra tathA zAstra meM kAma cala hI nahIM sakatA thA / ataeva purAne samaya se yAjJika vidvAn ahiMsA ko pUrNarUpeNa dharma mAnate hue bhI, bahujanasvIkRta aura cirapracalita yajJa Adi karmoM meM honevAlI hiMsA kA dharma- kartavya rUpa se samarthana, anivArya apavAda ke nAma para karate A rahe the | mImAMsakoM kI ahiMsA-hiMsA ke utsarga- apavAdabhAvavAlI carcA ke prakAra tathA usakA itihAsa hameM Aja bhI kumArila tathA prabhAkara ke granthoM meM vispaSTa aura manoraMjana rUpa se dekhane ko milatA hai / isa buddhipUrNa carcA ke dvArA mImAMsakoM ne sAMkhya, jaina, bauddha Adi ke sAmane yaha sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ki zAstra vihita karma meM kI jAnevAlI hiMsA avazya kartavya hone se aniSTa dharma kA nimitta nahIM ho sakatI / mImAMsakoM kA antima tAtparya yahI hai ki zAstra - veda hI mukhya pramANa hai aura yajJa Adi karma vedavihita haiM / ataeva jo yajJa Adi karma ko karanA cAhe yA jo veda ko mAnatA hai usake vAste vedAjJA kA pAlana hI parama dharma hai, cAhe usake pAlana meM jo kucha karanA pdd'e| mImAMsakoM kA yaha tAtparyanirNaya Aja bhI vaidika paraMparA meM eka Thosa siddhAMta hai / sAMkhya Adi jaise yajJIya hiMsA ke virodhI bhI veda kA prAmANya sarvathA na tyAga dene ke kAraNa anta meM mImAMsakoM ke ukta tAtparyArtha nirNaya kA AtyaMtika virodha kara na ske| aisA virodha Akhira taka ve hI karate rahe jinhoMne veda ke prAmANya kA sarvathA inkAra kara diyaa| aise virodhiyoM meM jaina paraMparA mukhya hai / jaina paraMparA ne veda ke prAmANya ke sAtha vedavihita hiMsA kI dharmyatA kA bhI sarvatobhAvena

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ahiMsA kI mImAMsA niSedha kiyaa| para jaina paraMparA kA bhI apanA eka uddezya hai jisakI siddhi ke vArate usake anuyAyI gRhastha aura sAdhu kA jIvana Avazyaka hai| isI jIvanadhAraNa meM se jaina paraMparA ke sAmane bhI aise aneka prazna samaya-samaya para Ate rahe jinakA ahiMsA ke AtyaMtika siddhAMta ke sAtha samanvaya karanA use prApta ho jAtA thA / jaina paraMparA veda ke sthAna meM apane AgamoM ko hI eka mAtra pramANa mAnatI AI hai; aura apane uddezya kI siddhi ke vAste sthApita tathA pracArita vividha prakAra ke gRhastha aura sAdhu jIvanopayogI kartavyoM kA pAlana bhI karatI AI hai| ataeva anta meM usake vAste bhI una svIkRta kartavyoM meM anivArya rUpa se ho AnevAlI hiMsA kA samarthana bhI eka mAtra aAgama kI AjJA ke pAlana rUpa se hI karanA prApta hai| jaina zrAcArya isI dRSTi se apane ApavAdika hiMsA mArga kA samarthana karate rahe / prAcArya haribhadra ne cAra prakAra ke vAkyArtha zodha ko darzAte samaya ahiMsAhiMsA ke utsarga-azvAdabhAva kA jo sUkSma vivecana kiyA hai vaha apane pUrvAcAryoM kI paraMparAprApta saMpatti to hai hI para usameM unake samaya taka kI vikasita mImAMsAzailI kA bhI kucha na kucha asara hai| isa taraha eka tarapha se cAra * vAkyArthabodha ke bahAne unhoMne upadezapada meM mImAMsA kI vikasita zailI kA, jaina dRSTi ke anusAra saMgraha kiyA; taba dUsarI tarapha se unhoMne bauddha paribhASA ko bhI 'SoDazaka'' meM apanAne kA sarvaprathama prayatna kiyaa| dharmakIrti ke 'pramANavArtika' ke pahale se bhI bauddha paraMparA meM vicAra vikAsa kI krama prApta tIna bhUmikAoM ko dazInevAle zrutamaya, ciMtAmaya aura bhAvanAmaya aise tIna zabda bauddha vAGmaya meM prasiddha rahe / hama jahA~ taka jAna pAe haiM kaha sakate haiM ki AcArya haribhadra ne hI una tIna bauddhaprasiddha zabdoM ko lekara unakI vyAkhyA meM vAkyArthabodha ke prakAroM ko samAne kA sarvaprathama prayatna kiyaa| unhoMne ghoDazaka meM paribhASAe~ to bauddhoM kI lI para una kI vyAkhyA apanI dRSTi ke anusAra kI; aura zrutamaya ko vAkyArtha jJAnarUpa se, ciMtAmaya ko mahAvAkyArtha jJAnarUpa se aura bhAvanAmaya ko aidamparyArtha jJAnarUpa se ghaTAyA / svAmI vidyAnanda ne unhIM bauddha paribhASAoM kA 'tattvArthazlokavArtika' meM khaMDana kiyA, jaba ki haribhadra ne una paribhASAoM ko apane DhaMga se jaina vAGmaya meM apanA liyA / / - upAdhyAyajI ne jJAnabindu meM haribhadravarNita cAra prakAra kA vAkyArthabodha, 1SoDazaka 1. 10 / 2 dekho, tattvArthazlokavArtika pR0 21 //

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412 jaina dharma aura darzana jisakA purAnA itihAsa, niyukti ke anugama meM tathA purAnI vaidika paraMparA Adi meM bhI milatA hai; usa para apanI painI naiyAyika dRSTi se bahuta hI mArmika prakAza DAlA hai, aura sthApita kiyA hai ki ye saba vAkyArtha bodha eka dIrgha zrutoyoga rUpa haiM jo mati upayoga se judA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne zAnabindu meM jo vAkyArtha vicAra saMkSepa meM darasAyA hai vahI unhoMne apanI 'upadeza rahasya' nAmaka dUsarI kRti meM vistAra se kintu 'upadezapada' ke sArarUpa se nirUpita kiyA hai jo jJAna vindu ke saMskRta TippaNa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / (dekho jJAnabindu, TippaNa, pR0 74. paM0 27 se)| (4) ahiMsA kA svarUpa aura vikAsa [21] upAdhyAyajI ne caturvidha vAkyArtha kA vicAra karate samaya jJAnabindu meM jaina paraMparA ke eka mAtra aura parama siddhAnta ahiMsA ko lekara, utsargaapavAdabhAva kI jo jaina zAstroM meM parApUrva se calI zrAnevAlI carcA kI hai aura jisake upapAdana meM unhoMne apane nyAya-mImAMsA Adi darzanAntara ke gaMbhIra abhyAsa kA upayoga kiyA hai, usako yathAsaMbhava vizeSa samajhAne ke lie, jJAnabindu TippaNa meM [ pR0 76 paM0 11 se ] jo vistRta avataraNasaMgraha kiyA hai usake AdhAra para, yahA~ ahiMsA saMbaMdhI kucha aitihAsika tathA tAttvika muddoM para prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| ahiMsA kA siddhAMta Arya paraMparA meM bahuta hI prAcIna hai| aura usakA zrAdara sabhI AryazAkhAoM meM eka-sA rahA hai / phira bhI prajAjIvana ke vistAra ke sAtha-sAtha tathA vibhinna dhArmika paraparAoM ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha, usa siddhAMta ke vicAra tathA vyavahAra meM bhI anekamukhI vikAsa huA dekhA jAtA hai / ahiMsA viSayaka vicAra ke mukhya do srota prAcIna kAla se hI Arya paraMparA meM bahane lage aisA jAna par3atA hai| eka srota to mukhyatayA zramaNa jIvana ke prAzraya se bahane lagA, jaba ki dUsarA srota brAhmaNa paraMparA-caturvidha Azrama-ke jIvanavicAra ke sahAre pravAhita huaa| ahiMsA ke tAttvika vicAra meM ukta donoM srotoM meM koI matabheda dekhA nahIM jAtA / para usake vyAvahArika pahalU yA jIvanagata upayoga ke bAre meM ukta do srotoM meM hI nahIM balki pratyeka zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa srota kI choTI-bar3I avAntara zAkhAoM meM bhI, nAnA prakAra ke matabheda tathA ApasI virodha dekhe jAte haiN| tAttvika rUpa se ahiMsA saba ko eka-sI mAnya hone para bhI usa ke vyAvahArika upayoga meM tathA tadanusArI vyAkhyAoM meM jo matabheda aura virodha dekhA jAtA hai usakA pradhAna kAraNa jIvanadRSTi kA

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ahiMsA kI mImAMsA bheda hai| zramaNa paraMparA kI jIvanadRSTi pradhAnatayA vaiyaktika aura AdhyAtmika rahI hai, jaba ki brAhmaNa paraMparA kI jIvanadRSTi pradhAnatayA sAmAjika yA lokasaMgrAhaka rahI hai| pahalI meM lokasaMgraha tabhI taka iSTa hai jaba taka vaha zrAdhyAtmikatA kA virodhI na ho| jahA~ usakA AdhyAtmikatA se virodha dikhAI diyA vahA~ pahalI dRSTi lokasaMgraha kI aora udAsIna rahegI yA usakA virodha kregii| jaba ki dUsarI dRSTi meM lokasaMgraha itane vizAla paimAne para kiyA gayA hai ki jisase usameM AdhyAtmikatA aura bhautikatA paraspara TakarAne nahIM paatii| zramaNa paraMparA kI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAradhArA kA eka pravAha apane viziSTa rUpa se bahatA thA jo kAlakrama se Age jAkara dIrgha tapasvI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana meM udAtta rUpa meM vyasta huA / hama usa prakaTIkaraNa ko 'AcArAGga'. 'sUtrakRtAGga' Adi prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM spaSTa dekhate haiM / ahiMsA dharma kI pratiSThA to Atmaupamya kI dRSTi meM se hI huI thii| para ukta AgamoM meM usakA nirUpaNa aura vizleSaNa isa prakAra huaA hai 1. duHkha aura bhaya kA kAraNa hone se hiMsAmAtra vajyaM hai, yaha ahiMsA siddhAnta kI upapanti / 2. hiMsA kA artha yadyapi prANanAza karanA yA duHkha denA hai tathApi hiMsAjanya doSa kA AdhAra to mAtra pramAda arthAt rAgadveSAdi hI hai| agara pramAda. yA Asakti na ho to kevala prANanAza hiMsA koTi meM yA nahIM sakatA, yaha ahiMsA kA vishlessnn| 3. vadhyajIvoM kA kada, unakI saMkhyA tathA unakI indriya aAdi saMpatti ke tAratamya ke Upara hiMsA ke doSa kA tAratamya avalaMbita nahIM hai, kintu hiMsaka ke pariNAma yA vRtti kI tIvratA-maMdatA, sajJAnatA-ajJAnatA yA bala prayoga kI nyUnAdhikatA ke Upara avalaMbita hai, aisA koTikrama / uparyukti tInoM bAteM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra tathA prAcAra meM se phalita hokara AgamoM meM grathita huI haiM / koI eka vyakti yA vyaktisamUha kaisA hI AdhyAtmika kyoM na ho para vaha saMyamalatI jIvanadhAraNa kA bhI prazna socatA hai taba usameM se upayukta vizleSaNa tathA koTikrama apane zrApa hI phalita ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se dekhA jAe to kahanA par3atA hai ki Age ke jaina vAGmaya meM ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM jo vizeSa UhApoha huA hai usakA mUla AdhAra to prAcIna AgamoM meM prathama se hI rahA / samUce jaina vAGmaya meM pAe jAnevAle ahiMsA ke UhApoha para jaba hama dRSTipAta karate haiM, taba hameM spaSTa dikhAI detA hai ki jaina vAGmaya kA ahiMsA

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414 jaina dharma aura darzana pahalA to yaha ki vaha saMbaMdhI UhApoha mukhyatayA cAra baloM para avalaMbita hai / pradhAnatayA sAdhu jIvana kA hI ataeva navakoTika -pUrNa hiMsA kA hI vicAra karatA hai / dUsarA yaha ki vaha brAhmaNa paraMparA meM vihita mAnI jAnevAlI aura pratiSThita samajhI jAnevAlI yajJIya Adi anekavidha hiMsAoM kA virodha karatA hai / tIsarA yaha ki vaha anya zramaNa paraMparAoM ke tyAgI jIvana kI apekSA bhI jaina zramaNa kA tyAgI jIvana vizeSa niyaMtrita rakhane kA zrAgraha rakhatA hai / cauthA yaha ki vaha jaina paraMparA ke hI avAntara phirakoM meM utpanna honevAle pArasparika virodha ke praznoM ke nirAkaraNa kA bhI prayatna karatA hai / navakoTika - pUrNa hiMsA ke pAlana kA zrAgraha bhI rakhanA aura saMyama yA sadguNa vikAsa kI dRSTi se jIvananirvAha kA samarthana bhI karanA - isa virodha meM se "hiMsA ke dravya, bhAva Adi bhedoM kA UhApoha phalita huA aura anta meM eka mAtra nizcaya siddhAnta yahI sthApita huA ki Akhira ko pramAda hI hiMsA hai / pratta jIvanavyavahAra dekhane meM hiMsAtmaka ho taba bhI vaha vastutaH ahiMsaka hI hai / jahA~ taka isa AkharI natIje kA saMbaMdha hai vahA~ taka zvetAmbara digambara Adi kisI bhI jaina phirake kA isameM thor3A bhI matabheda nahIM hai| saca phirakoM kI vicArasaraNI paribhASA aura dalIleM eka-sI haiN| yaha hama jJAnavindu ke TippaNa gata zvetAmbarIya vistRta avataraNoM se bhalI-bhAMti jAna sakate haiM / vaidika paraMparA meM yajJa, atithi zrAddha Adi aneka nimittoM se hone vAlI jo hiMsA dhArmika mAnakara pratiSThita karAra dI jAtI thI usakA virova sAMkhya, bauddha aura jaina paraMparA ne eka sA kiyA hai phira bhI Age jAkara isa virodha meM mukhya bhAga bauddha aura jaina kA hI rahA hai| jaina vAGmayagata ahiMsA ke UhApoha meM ukta . virodha kI gaharI chApa aura pratikriyA bhI hai / pada-pada para jaina sAhitya meM vaidika hiMsA kA khaNDana dekhA jAtA hai| sAtha hI jaba vaidika loga jainoM ke prati yaha AzaMkA karate haiM ki agara dhArmika hiMsA bhI kartavya hai to tuma jaina loga apanI samAja racanA meM mandira nirmANa, devapUjA Adi dhArmika kRtyoM kA samAveza ahiMsaka rUpa se kaise kara sakoge ityAdi / isa prazna kA khulAsA bhI jaina vAGmaya ke hiMsA saMbaMdhI UhApoha meM savistara pAyA jAtA hai / pramAda - mAnasika doSa hI mukhyatayA hiMsA hai aura usa doSa meM se janita hI prANa-nAza hiMsA hai / yaha vicAra jaina aura bauddha paraMparA meM eka-sA mAnya hai | phira bhI hama dekhate haiM ki purAkAla se jaina aura bauddha paraMparA ke bIca ahiMsA ke saMbaMdha meM pArasparika khaNDana-maNDana bahuta huA hai / 'sUtrakRtAGga' jaise . prAcIna Agama meM bhI hiMsA saMbaMdhI bauddha mantavya kA khaMDana hai / isI taraha

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hiMsA kI mImAMsA 415 'maminikAya' jaise piTaka graMthoM meM bhI jaina saMmata ahiMsA kA saparihAsa khaNDana pAyA jAtA hai / uttaravartI niyukti Adi jaina graMthoM meM tathA 'abhidharmakoSa' Adi bauddha graMthoM meM bhI vahI purAnA svarADana- maNDana nae rUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai / jaba jaina-bauddha donoM paraMparAe~ vaidika hiMsA kI eka-sI virodhinI haiM aura jaba donoM kI hiMsA saMbaMdhI vyAkhyA meM koI tAttvika matabheda nahIM taba pahale se hI donoM meM pArasparika khaNDana- maNDana kyoM zurU huA aura cala par3Ayaha eka prazna hai / isakA javAba jaba hama donoM paraMparAoM ke sAhitya ko dhyAna se par3hate haiM, taba mila jAtA hai / khaNDana- maNDana ke aneka kAraNoM meM se pradhAna kAraNa to yahI hai ki jaina paraMparA ne navakoTika hiMsA kI sUkSma vyAkhyA ko amala meM lAne ke lie jo bAhya pravRtti ko vizeSa niyaMtrita kiyA vaha bauddha paraMparA ne nahIM kiyA / jIvana saMbaMdhI bAhya pravRttiyoM ke prati niyaMtraNa aura madhyamamArgIya zaithilya ke pracala bheda meM se hI bauddha aura jaina paraMparAe~ Apasa meM khaNDana-maNDana meM pravRtta huiiN| isa khaNDana-maNDana kA bhI jaina vAGmaya ke ahiMsA saMbaMdhI UhApoha meM khAsA hissA hai jisakA kucha namUnA jJAnavindu ke TippaNoM meM die hue jaina aura bauddha avataraNoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| jaba hama donoM paraMparAoM ke khaNDana-maNDana ko taTastha bhAva se dekhate haiM taba niHsaMkoca kahanA par3atA hai ki bahudhA donoM ne eka dUsare ko galata rUpa se hI samajhA hai / isakA eka udAharaNa 'majjhimanikAya' kA upAlisutta aura dUsarA namUnA sUtrakRtAGga ( 1. 1. 2. 24-32; 26. 26-28 ) kA hai / jaise-jaise jaina sAdhusaMgha kA vistAra hotA gayA aura jude-jude deza tathA kAla meM naI-naI paristhiti ke kAraNa nae-nae prazna utpanna hote gae vaise-vaise jaina tavacintakoM ne hiMsA kI vyAkhyA aura vizleSaNa meM se eka spaSTa nayA vicAra prakaTa kiyA / vaha yaha ki agara apramatta bhAva se koI jIvavirAdhanA ---hiMsA ho jAe yA karanI par3e to vaha mAtra ahiMsAkoTi kI zrataeva nirdoSa hI nahIM hai balki vaha guNa (nirjarA ) vardhaka bhI hai / isa vicAra ke anusAra, sAdhu pUrNa hiMsA kA svIkAra kara lene ke bAda bhI, nagara saMyata jIvana kI puSTi ke nimitta, vividha prakAra kI hiMsArUpa samajhI jAnevAlI pravRttiyoM karatA hai to vaha saMyamavikAsa meM eka kadama Age bar3hatA hai / yahI jaina paribhASA ke anusAra nizcaya ahiMsA hai / jo tyAgI bilakula vastra Adi rakhane ke virodhI the ve maryAdita rUpa meM vastra Adi upakaraNa ( sAdhana ) rakhanevAle sAdhutroM ko jaba hiMsA ke nAma para kosane lage taba vastrAdi ke samarthaka tyAgiyoM ne usI nizcaya siddhAnta kA Azraya lekara javAba diyA ki kevala saMyama ke dhAraNa aura nirvAha ke vAste hI, zarIra kI

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416 jaina dharma aura darzana taraha maryAdita upakaraNa Adi kA rakhanA ahiMsA kA bAdhaka nahIM / jaina sAdhusaMgha kI isa prakAra kI pAramparika aAcArabhedamUlaka carcA ke dvArA bhI ahiMsA ke uhApoha meM bahuta kucha vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai, jo aodhaniyukti Adi meM spaSTa hai| kabhI-kabhI ahiMsA kI carcA zuSka tarka kI-sI huI jAna par3atI hai / eka vyakti prazna karatA hai ki agara vastra rakhanA hI hai to vaha binA phAr3e akhaNDa hI kyoM na rakhA jAe; kyoMki usake phAr3ane meM jo sUkSma aNu' ur3eMge ve jIvaghAtaka jarUra hoMge / isa prazna kA javAba bhI usI DhaMga se diyA gayA hai| jabAba denevAlA kahatA hai, ki agara vastra phAr3ane se phailanevAle sUkSma aNuoM ke dvArA jIvadhAta hotA hai; to tuma jo hameM vastra phAr3ane se rokane ke lie kucha kahate ho usameM bhI to jIvaghAta hotA hai na ?-ityAdi / astu / jo kucha ho, para hama jinabhadragaNi kI spaSTa vANI meM jainaparaMparAsaMmata ahiMsA kA pUrNa svarUpa pAte haiM / ve kahate haiM ki sthAna sajIva ho yA nirjIva, usameM koI jIva ghAtaka ho jAtA ho yA koI aghAtaka hI dekhA jAtA ho, para itane mAtra se hiMsA yA ahiMsA kA nirNaya nahIM ho sakatA / hiMsA sacamuca pramAda-athatanA--asaMyama meM hI hai phira cAhe kisI jIva kA ghAta na bhI hotA ho / isI taraha agara apramAda yA yatanA-saMyama surakSita he to jIvaghAta dikhAI dene para bhI vastutaH ahiMsA hI hai| uparyukta vivecana se ahiMsA saMbaMdhI jaina UhApoha kI nIce likhI kramika bhUmikAe~ phalita hotI haiN| (1) prANa kA nAza hiMsArUpa hone se usako rokanA hI ahiMsA hai / (2) jIvana dhAraNa kI samasyA meM se phalita huA ki jIvana-khAsakara saMyamI jIvana ke lie anivArya samajhI jAnevAlI pravRttiyA~ karate rahane para agara jIvaghAta ho bhI jAe to bhI yadi pramAda nahIM hai to vaha jIvaghAta hiMsArUpa na hokara ahiMsA hI hai| (3) agara pUrNarUpeNa ahiMsaka rahanA ho to vastutaH aura sarvaprathama cittagata kleza (pramAda ) kA hI tyAga karanA cAhie | yaha huA to ahiMsA siddha huI / ahiMsA kA bAhya pravRttiyoM ke sAtha koI niyata saMbaMdha nahIM hai / usakA niyata saMbaMdha mAnasika pravRttiyoM ke sAtha hai| (4) vaiyaktika yA sAmUhika jIvana meM aise bhI apavAda sthAna Ate haiM jaba ki hiMsA mAtra ahiMsA hI nahIM rahatI pratyuta vaha guNavardhaka bhI bana jAtI hai| aise ApavAdika sthAnoM meM agara kahI jAnevAlI hiMsA se Darakara use AcaraNa meM na lAyA jAe to ulayA doSa lagatA hai| Upara hiMsA-ahiMsA saMbaMdhI jo vicAra saMkSepa meM batalAyA hai usakI pUrI-pUrI

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27 jaina aura vaidika hiMsA 417 zAstrIya sAmagrI upAdhyAyajo ko prApta thI zrataeva unhoMne 'vAkyArtha vicAra' prasaMga meM jainasammata - khAsakara sAdhujIvanasammata ahiMsA ko lekara utsarga-apavAdabhAva kI carcA kI hai / upAdhyAyajI ne jainazAstra meM pAe jAnevAle apavAdoM kA nirdeza karake spaSTa kahA hai ki ye apavAda dekhane meM kaise hI kyoM na hiMsAvirodhI hoM, phira bhI unakA mUlya autsargika hiMsA ke barAbara hI hai / apavAda aneka batalAe gae haiM, aura deza kAla ke anusAra nae apavAdoM kI bhI sRSTi ho sakatI hai; phira bhI saba apavAdoM kI zrAtmA mukhyatayA do tattvoM meM samA jAtI hai| unameM eka to hai gItArthatva yAni pariNatazAstra jJAna kA aura dUsarA hai kRtayogitva arthAt cittasAmya yA sthitaprajJatva kA / upAdhyAyajI ke dvArA batalAI gaI jaina zrahiMsA ke utsarga apavAda kI yaha carcA, ThIka akSarazaH mImAMsA aura smRti ke hiMsA saMbaMdhI utsarga - apavAda kI vicArasaraNi se milatI hai / antara hai to yahI ki jahA~ jaina vicArasaraNi sAdhu yA pUrNatyAgIke jIvana ko lakSya meM rakhakara pratiSThita huI hai vahA~ mImAMsaka aura smArtI kI vicArasaraNi gRhastha, tyAgI sabhI ke jIvana ko kendra sthAna meM rakhakara pracalita huI hai| donoM kA sAmya isa prakAra hai 1 jaina 1 savve pANA na tavyA 2 sAdhujIvana kI azakyatA kA prazna 2 vaidika 1 mA hiMsyAt sarvabhUtAni 2 cAroM Azrama ke sabhI prakAra ke adhikAriyoM ke jIvana kI tathA tatsaMbaMdhI kartavyoM kI azakyatA kA prazna 3 zAstravihita pravRttiyoM meM hiMsAdoSa kA prabhAva arthAt niSiddhAcAra hI hiMsA hai yahA~ yaha dhyAna rahe ki jaina tattvajJa 'zAstra' zabda se jaina zAstra ko - khAsakara sAdhu-jIvana ke vidhi-niSedha pratipAdaka zAstra ko hI letA hai; jaba ki vaidika tatvacintaka, zAstra zabda se una sabhI zAstroM ko letA hai jinameM vaiyaktika, kauTumbika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjakIya Adi sabhI kartavyoM kA vidhAna hai / 4 zranantomatvA zrahiMsA kA tAtparya veda tathA smRtiyoM kI AjJA ke pAlanameM hI hai / 3 zAstravihita pravRttiyoM meM hiMsA doSa kA abhAva arthAt niSiddhAcaraNa hI hiMsA 4 antatogatvA hiMsA kA marma jinAjJA ke-- jaina zAstra ke yathAvat anusaraNa hI hai /

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jaina dharma aura darzana upAdhyAyajI ne uparyukta cAra bhUmikAvAlI hiMsA kA caturvidha vAkyArtha ke dvArA nirUpaNa karake usake upasaMhAra meM jo kucha likhA hai vaha vedAnuyAyI mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika kI hiMsAviSayaka vicArasaraNi ke sAtha eka taraha kI jaina vicArasaraNi kI tulanA mAtra hai / athavA yoM kahanA cAhie ki vaidika vicArasaraNi ke dvArA jaina vicArasaraNi kA vizleSaNa hI unhoMne kiyA hai / jaise mImAMsakoM ne vedavihita hiMsA ko chor3akara hI hiMsA meM aniSTajanakatva mAnA hai vaise hI upAdhyAyajI ne anta meM svarUpa hiMsA ko chor3a kara hI mAtra hetu - AtmapariNAma hiMsA meM hI aniSTajanakatva batalAyA hai / 418 ( 5 ) paTsthAnapatitatva aura pUrvagata gAthA [27] zrutacarcA ke prasaMga meM hiMsA ke utsarga- zrapavAda kI vicAraNA karane ke bAda upAdhyAyajI ne zruta se saMbaMdha rakhanevAle aneka jJAtavya muddoM para vicAra prakaTa karate hue SaTsthAna ke mudde kI bhI zAstrIya carcA kI hai jisakA samarthana hamAre jIvanagata anubhava se hI hotA rahatA hai / eka hI adhyApaka se eka graMtha hI par3hanevAle aneka vyaktiyoM meM, zabda evaM artha kA jJAna samAna hone para bhI usake bhAvoM va rahasyoM ke parijJAna kA jo tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai vaha una adhikAriyoM kI zrAntarika zakti ke tAratamya kA hI pariNAma hotA hai / isa anubhava ko caturdaza pUrvadharoM meM lAgU karake 'kalpabhASya' ke AdhAra para upAdhyAyajI ne batalAyA hai ki caturdazapUrvarUpa zruta ko samAna rUpa se par3he hue aneka vyaktiyoM meM bhI zrutagata bhAvoM ke socane kI zakti kA anekavidha tAratamya hotA hai jo unako UhApoha zakti ke tAratamya kA hI pariNAma hai / isa tAratamya ko zAstrakAroM ne chaha vibhAgoM meM bA~TA hai jo SaTsthAna kahalAte haiM / bhAvoM ko jo sabase adhika jAna sakatA hai vaha zrutadhara utkRSTa kahalAtA hai / usakI apekSA se hIna, hInatara, hInatama rUpa se chaha kakSAoM kA varNana hai / utkRSTa jJAtA kI apekSA - 1 anantabhAgahIna, 2 asaMkhyAta bhAgahIna, 3 saMkhyAta bhAgahIna, 4 saMkhyAtaguNahIna, 5. asaMkhyAtaguNahIna aura 6 anantaguNahIna- ye kramazaH utaratI huI chaha kakSAe~ haiM / isI taraha satra se nyUna bhAvoM ko jAnanevAle kI apekSA - 1 zranantabhAga adhika, 2 asaMkhyAta bhAgaadhika, 3 saMkhyAta bhAgazradhika, 4 saMkhyAtaguNatryadhika, 5 asaMkhyAtaguNa adhika aura 6 anantaguNazradhika- ye kramazaH car3hatI huI kakSAe~ haiM 1 / 1 dekho, jJAnabindu, TippaNa pR0 66 |

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416 pUrvagatagAyA zruta kI samAnatA hone para bhI usake bhAvoM ke parijJAnagata tAratamya kA kAraNa jo UhApohasAmarthya hai use upAdhyAyajI ne zrutasAmarthya aura matisAmarthya ubhayarUpa kahA hai-phira bhI unakA vizeSa mukAva use zrutasAmarthya mAnane kI aora spaSTa hai| Age zruta ke dIrvopayoga viSayaka samarthana meM upadhyAyajI ne eka pUrvagata gAthA kA [ jJAnabindu pR0 6. ] ullekha kiyA hai, jo 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' [ gA0 117 ] meM pAI jAtI hai| pUrvagata zabda kA artha hai pUrva-prAktana / usa gAthA ko pUrvagAthA rUpa se mAnate Ane kI paraMparA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa jitanI to purAnI avazya jAna par3atI hai; kyoMki koTyAcArya ne bhI apanI vRtti meM usakA pUrvagatagAthA rUpa se hI vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| para yahA~ para yaha bAta jarUra lakSya khIMcatI hai ki pUrvagata mAnI jAnevAlI vaha gAthA digambarIya graMthoM meM kahIM nahIM pAI jAtI aura pA~ca jJAnoM kA varNana karanevAlI 'Avazyakaniyukti' meM bhI vaha gAthA nahIM hai| hama pahale kaha Ae haiM ki akSara-anakSara rUpa se zruta ke do bheda bahuta purAne hai aura digambarIya-zvetAmbarIya donoM paraMparAoM meM pAe jAte haiN| para anakSara zruta kI donoM paraMparAgata vyAkhyA eka nahIM hai / digambara paraMparA meM anakSarazruta zabda kA artha sabase pahale akalaMka ne hI spaSTa kiyA hai / unhoMne svArthazrata ko anakSarazruta batalAyA hai| jaba ki zvetAmbarIya paraMparA meM niyukti ke samaya se hI anakSarazruta kA dUsarA artha prasiddha hai| niyukti meM anakSarazruta rUpa se ucchasita, niHzvasita Adi hI zruta liyA gayA hai| isI taraha akSarazruta ke artha meM bhI donoM paraMparAtroM kA matabheda hai | akalaMka parArtha vacanAtmaka zruta ko hI akSarazruta kahate haiM jo ki kevala dravyazruta rUpa hai / taba, usa pUrvagata gAthA ke vyAkhyAna meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa trividha akSara batalAte hue akSarazruta ko dravya-bhAMva rUpa se do prakAra kA batalAte haiM / dravya aura bhAva rUpa se zruta ke do prakAra mAnane kI jaina paraMparA to purAnI hai aura zvetAmbara-digambara zAstroM meM eka sI hI hai para akSarazruta ke vyAkhyAna meM donoM paraMparAoM kA antara ho gayA hai| eka paraMparA ke anusAra dravyazruta hI akSarazruta hai jaba ki dUsarI paraMparA ke anusAra dravya aura bhAva donoM prakAra kA akSarazruta hai| dravyazruta zabda jaina vAGmaya meM purAnA hai para usake vyaJjanAkSara-saMjJAdara nAma se pAe jAnevAle do prakAra digambara zAstroM meM nahIM hai| dravyazruta aura bhAvabhuta rUpa se zAstrajJAna saMbaMdhI jo vicAra jaina paraMparA meM pAyA jAtA hai| aura jisakA vizeSa rUpa se spaSTIkaraNa upAdhyAyajI

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420 jaina dharma aura darzana ne pUrvagata gAthA kA vyAkhyAna karate hue kiyA hai, vaha sArA vicAra, zrAgama (zruti) prAmANyavAdI naiyAyikAdi sabhI vaidika darzanoM kI paraMparA meM eka-sA hai aura ati vistRta pAyA jAtA hai / isakI zAbdika tulanA nIce likhe anusAra hai 2. jainetara-nyAyAdi zruta Agama-zabdapramANa dravya bhAva zabda zAbdabodha vyaMjanAkSara saMjJAkSara labdhyakSara zabda lipi ,zakti vyakti-bodha (upayoga) padArthopasthiti, saMketajJAna, AkAMkSA, yogyatA, Asatti, tAtparyajJAna Adi zAbdabodha ke kAraNa jo naiyAyikA di paraMparA meM prasiddha haiM, una sabako upAdhyAyajI , ne zAbdabodha-parikara rUpa se zAbdabodha meM hI samAyA hai| isa jagaha eka aitihAsika satya kI ora pAThakoM kA dhyAna khIMcanA jarUrI hai| vaha yaha ki jaba kabhI, kisI jaina AcArya ne, kahIM bhI nayA prameya dekhA to usakA jaina paramparA kI paribhASA meM kyA sthAna hai yaha batalAkara, eka taraha se jaina zruta kI zrutAntara se tulanA kI hai| udAharaNArtha-bhartRharIya 'vAkyapadIyA meM' vaikharI, madhyamA, pazyantI aura sUkSmA rUpa se jo cAra prakAra kI bhASAoM kA bahuta hI vistRta aura talasparzI varNana hai, usakA jaina paramparA kI paribhASA meM kisa prakAra samAveza ho sakatA hai, yaha svAmI vidyAnanda ne bahuta hI spaSTatA aura yathArthatA se sabase pahale batalAyA hai, jisase jaina jijJAsuoM ko jainetara vicAra kA aura jainetara jijJAsutroM ko jaina vicAra kA saralatA se bodha ho ske| vidyAnanda kA vahI samanvaya vAdidevasUri ne apane DhaMga se varNita kiyA hai| upAdhyAyajI ne bhI, nyAya Adi darzanoM ke prAcIna aura navIna nyAyAdi graMthoM meM, jo zAbdabodha aura Agama pramANa saMbaMdhI vicAra dekhe aura par3he unakA upayoga unhoMne jJAna 1 dekho, vAkyapadIya 1.114 / . 2 dekho, tattvArtha zlo0 pR0 240, 241 / 3 dekho, syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR067 /

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matijJAna viSayaka nayA dApoha 421 biMdu meM jaina zruta kI una vicAroM ke sAtha tulanA karane meM kiyA hai, jo abhyAsI ko khAsa manana karane yogya hai / ( 6 ) matijJAna ke vizeSa nirUpaNa meM nayA UhApoha I [ 34 ] prasaMgaprApta zruta kI kucha bAtoM para vicAra karane ke bAda phira graMthakAra ne prastuta matijJAna ke vizeSoM--bhedoM kA nirUpaNa zurU kiyA hai / jaina vAGmaya meM matijJAna ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA - ye cAra bheda tathA unakA paraspara kArya kAraNabhAva prasiddha hai / zrAgama aura tarkayuga meM una bhedoM para bahuta kucha vicAra kiyA gayA hai / para upAdhyAyajI ne jJAnabiMdu meM jo una bhedoM kI tathA unake paraspara kArya kAraNabhAva kI vivecanA kI hai vaha pradhAnatayA vizeSAvazyakabhASyAnugAminI hai / isa vivecanA meM upAdhyAyajI ne pUrvavartI jaina sAhitya kA sAra to rakha hI diyA hai; sAtha meM unhoMne kucha nayA UhApoha bhI apanI ora se kiyA hai / yahA~ hama aisI tIna khAsa bAtoM kA nirdeza karate haiM jina para upAdhyAyajI ne nayA UhApoha kiyA hai ( 1 ) pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA meM dArzanikoM kA aikamatya ( 2 ) prAmANyanizcaya ke upAya kA prazna ( 3 ) anekAnta dRSTi se prAmANya ke svatastva-paratastva kI vyavasthA ( 1 ) pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA meM zabdabheda bhale hI ho para vicArabheda kisI kA nahIM hai / nyAya-vaizeSika Adi sabhI vaidika dArzanika tathA bauddha dArzanika bhI yahI mAnate haiM ki jahA~ iMdriyajanya aura manojanya pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai vahA~ sabase pahale viSaya aura iMdriya kA sannikarSa hotA hai / phira nirvikalpaka jJAna, zranantara savikalpaka jJAna utpanna hotA hai jo ki saMskAra dvArA smRti ko bhI paidA karatA hai / kabhI-kabhI savikalpaka jJAna dhArArUpa se punaH-punaH huA karatA hai / pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyA kA yaha sAmAnya krama hai / isI prakriyA ko jaina tattvajJoM ne apanI vyaJjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA kI khAsa paribhASA meM bahuta purAne samaya se batalAyA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne isa jJAnabiMdu meM, paramparAgata jainaprakriyA meM khAsa karake do viSayoM para prakAza DAlA hai| pahalA hai kArya-kAraNabhAva kA pariSkAra aura dUsarA hai darzanAntarIya paribhASA ke sAtha jaina paribhASA kI tulanA / vigraha ke prati vyaJjanAvagraha kI, aura IhA ke prati arthAvagraha 1 dekho, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gA0 266 - 266 // 2 dekho, pramANamImAMsA TippaNa, pR0 45 /

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422 jaina dharma aura darzana kI aura isI krama se Age dhAraNA ke prati avAya kI kAraNatA kA varNana to baina vAGmaya meM purAnA hI hai, para navyanyAyazAstrIya parizIlana ne upAdhyAyajI se usa kArya-kAraNabhAva kA prastuta jJAnabindu meM sapariSkAra varNana karAyA hai, jo ki anya kisI jaina graMtha meM pAyA nahIM jaataa| nyAya zrAdi darzanoM meM pratyakSa zAna kI prakriyA cAra aMzoM meM vibhakta hai / [36 ] pahalA kAraNAMza [ pR0 10 paM0 20] jo sannikRSTa iMdriya rUpa hai| dUsarA vyApArAMza [46 ] jo sannikarSa evaM nirvikalpa jJAnarUpa hai / tIsarA phalAMza [ pR0 15 paM0 16] jo savikalpaka zAna yA nizcayarUpa hai aura cauthA paripAkAMza [ 47 ] jo dhArAvAhI jJAnarUpa tathA saMskAra, smaraNa zrAdi rUpa hai / upAdhyAyajI ne vyaJjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha Adi purAtana jaina paribhASAoM ko ukta cAra aMzoM meM vibhAjita karake spaSTa rUpa se sUcanA kI hai ki jainetara darzanoM meM pratyakSa jJAna kI jo prakriyA hai vahI zabdAntara se jainadarzana meM bhI hai| upAdhyAyajI vyaJjanAvagraha ko kAraNAMza, arthAvagraha tathA IhA ko vyApArAMza, avAya ko phalAMza aura dhAraNA ko paripAkAMza kahate hai, jo bilakula upayukta hai| ___bauddha darzana ke mahAyAnIya 'nyAyabindu' Adi jaise saMskRta graMthoM meM pAI jAnevAlI, pratyakSa jJAna kI prakriyAgata paribhASA, to nyAyadarzana jaisI hI hai; para hInayAnIya pAli graMthoM kI paribhASA bhinna hai / yadyapi pAli vAGmaya upAdhyAyajI ko sulabha na thA phira unhoMne jisa tulanA kI sUcanA kI hai, usa tulanA ko, isa samaya sulabha pAlI vAGamaya taka vistRta karake, hama yahA~ sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI ukta paribhASAgata tulanA batalAte haiM1 nyAyavazaSikAdi vaidikadarzana 2 jaina darzana 3 pAli abhidharma' tathA mahAyAnIya bauddhadarzana 1 sannikRSyamANa indriya 1 vyajanAvagraha 1 zrArammaNa kA indriya yApAthagamana-indriyaviSayendriyasannikarSa bAlambanasaMbaMdha tathA Avajana 2 nirvikalpaka 2 arthAvagraha 2 cakSurAdivijJAna 3 saMzaya tathA saMbhAvanA 3 IhA 3 saMpaTicchana, saMtIraNa The Psychological attitude of early Buddhist Philosophy : By Anagarika B. Govinda : P. 184. abhidhammatthasaMgaho 4.8 / yA

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matijJAna ke vizeSanirUpaNa meM nayA UhApoha 4. vopana 5. javana tathA javanAnubandha tadArambhaNapAka (2) [38] prAmANyanizcaya ke upAya ke bAre meM UhApoha karate samaya upAdhyAyajI ne malayagiriM sUri ke mata kI khAsa taura se samIkSA kI hai / malayagiri sUri kA ' mantavya hai ki avAyagata prAmANya kA nirNaya avAya kI pUrvavartanI IhA se hI hotA hai, cAhe vaha IhA lakSita ho yA na ho| isa mata para upAdhyAyajI ne Apatti uThA kara kahA hai, [ 36 ] ki agara IhA se hI vAya ke prAmANya kA nirNaya mAnA jAe to vAdidevasUri kA prAmANyanirNayaviSayaka svatastva- paratastva kA pRthakkaraNa kabhI vaTa nahIM sakegA / malayagiri ke mata kI samIkSA meM upAdhyAyajI ne bahuta sUkSma koTikrama upasthita kiyA hai / upAdhyAyajI jaisA vyakti, jo malayagiri sUri Adi jaise pUrvAcAryoM ke prati bahuta hI AdarazIla evaM unake anugAmI haiM, ve una pUrvAcAryoM ke mata kI khule dila se samAlocanA karake sUcita karate haiM ki vicAra ke zuddhIkaraNa evaM satyagaveSaNA ke patha meM avicArI anusaraNa bAdhaka hI hotA hai / 4 savikalpaka nirNaya 5. dhArAvAhi jJAna tathA saMskAra-smaraNa 4 avAya 5. dhAraNA (3) [40] upAdhyAyajI ko prasaMgavaza anekAnta dRSTi se prAmANya ke svatastva- paratastva nirNaya kI vyavasthA karanI iSTa hai / isa uddezya kI siddhi ke lie unhoMne do ekAntavAdI pakSakAroM ko cunA hai jo paraspara viruddha mantavya vAle haiM / mImAMsaka mAnatA hai ki prAmANya kI siddhi svataH hI hotI hai; tutra naiyAyika kahatA hai ki prAmANya kI siddhi parataH hI hotI hai / upAdhyAyajI ne pahale to mImAMsaka ke mukha se svataH prAmANya kA hI sthApana karAyA hai; aura pIche usakA arse naiyAyika ke mukha se karA kara usake dvArA sthApita karAyA hai ki prAmANya kI siddhi parataH hI hotI hai / mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika kI paraspara khaNDana bhaNDana vAlI prastuta prAmANyasiddhiviSayaka carcA prAmANya ke khAsa 'tadvati tatprakArakatva - rUpa' dArzanikasaMmata prakAra para hI karAI gaI hai| isake pahale upAdhyAyajI ne saiddhAntikasaMgata aura tArkikasaMmata aise anekavidha prAmANya ke prakAroM ko eka-eka karake carcA ke lie cunA hai aura anta meM batalAyA hai ki ye saba prakAra prastuta carcA ke lie upayukta nahIM / kevala 'tadvati tatprakArakatvarUpa' usakA prakAra hI prastuta svataH paratastva kI siddhi kI carcA ke lie upayukta hai / anupayogI kaha kara chor3a die gae jina aura jitane prAmANya ke prakAroM kA, upAdhyAyajI ne 1 dekho, nandIsUtra kI TIkA, pR0 73 / 423

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jaina dharma aura darzana vibhinna dRSTi se jaina zAstrAnusAra zAnabindu meM nidarzana kiyA hai, una aura utane prakAroM kA vaisA nidarzana kisI eka jaina grantha meM dekhane meM nahIM aataa| mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika kI jJAnabindugata svataH-parataH prAmANya vAlI carcA navya-nyAya ke pariSkAroM se jaTila bana gaI hai| upAdhyAyajI ne udayana, gaMgeza, raghunAtha, pakSadhara Adi navya naiyAyikoM ke tathA mImAMsakoM ke graMthoM kA jo zrAkaMTha pAna kiyA thA usI kA udgAra prastuta carcA meM patha-patha para hama pAte haiN| prAmANya kI siddhi svataH mAnanA yA parataH mAnanA yA ubhayarUpa mAnanA yaha prazna jaina paraMparA ke sAmane upasthita huzrA | taba vidyAnanda' Adi ne bauddha 2 mata ko apanA kara anekAnta dRSTi se yaha kaha diyA ki abhyAsa dazA meM prAmANya kI siddhi svataH hotI hai aura anabhyAsa dazA meM parataH / usake bAda to phira isa mudde para aneka jaina tArkikoM ne saMkSepa aura vistAra se anekamukhI carcA kI hai / para upAdhyAyajI kI carcA una pUrvAcAryoM se nirAlI hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa hai upAdhyAyajI kA navya darzanazAstroM kA sarvAGgINa parizIlana / carcA kA upasaMhAra karate hue, [ 42, 43 ] upAdhyAyajI ne mImAMsaka ke pakSa meM aura naiyAyika ke pakSa meM AnevAle doSoM kA anekAnta dRSTi se parihAra karake donoM pakSoM ke samanvaya dvArA jaina mantavya sthApita kiyA hai / 3. avadhi aura manaHparyAya kI carcA mati aura zruta jJAna kI vicAraNA pUrNa karake granthakAra ne kramazaH avadhi [ 51, 52 ] aura manaHparyAya [ 53, 54 ] kI vicAraNA kI hai | Arya tattvaciMtaka do prakAra ke hue haiM, jo bhautika-laukika bhUmikA vAle the unhoMne bhautika sAdhana arthAt indriya-mana ke dvArA hI utpanna hone vAle anubhava mAtra para vicAra kiyA hai| ve AdhyAtmika anubhava se paricita na the / para dUsare aise bhI tattvacintaka hue haiM jo AdhyAtmika bhUmikA vAle the jinako bhUmikA AdhyAtmikalokottara thI una anubhava bhI AdhyAtmika rahA / AdhyAtmika anubhava mukhyatayA aAtmazakti kI jAgRti para nirbhara hai | bhAratIya darzanoM kI sabhI pradhAna zAkhAoM meM aise AdhyAtmika anubhava kA varNana eka sA hai| AdhyAtmika anubhava kI pahu~ca bhautika jagat ke usa pAra taka hotI hai / vaidika, bauddha aura jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna samajhe jAne vAle graMthoM meM, vaise vividha AdhyAtmika 1 dekho, pramANaparIkSA, pR0 63; tattvArthazloka0, pR0 175; parIkSAmukha 1.13 / 2 dekho, tattvasaMgraha, pR0 811 / 3 dekho, pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR0 16 paM0 18 se /

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avadhi aura manaHpamaya kI carcA 4 anubhavoM kA, kahIM-kahIM milate julate zabdoM meM aura kahIM dUsare zabdoM meM varNana milatA hai / jaina vAGmaya meM AdhyAtmika anubhava - sAkSAtkAra ke tIna prakAra varNita haiM - avadhi, manaHparyAya aura kevala / avadhi pratyakSa vaha hai jo indriyoM ke I dvArA agamya aise sUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa mUrta padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sake | manaHparyAya pratyakSa vaha hai jo mAtra manogata vividha avasthAoM kA sAkSAkAra kare / ina do pratyakSoM kA jaina vAGamaya meM bahuta vistAra aura bheda-prabheda vAlA manoraJjaka varNana hai / vaidika darzana ke aneka granthoM meM khAsa kara 'pAtaJjalayogasUtra' aura usake bhASya Adi meM - uparyukta donoM prakAra ke pratyakSa kA yogavibhUtirUpa se spaSTa aura AkarSaka varNana hai ' / 'vaizeSikasUtra' ke 'prazastapAdabhASya' meM bhI thor3A-sA kintu spaSTa varNana hai / bauddha darzana ke 'majjhimanikAya' jaise purAne graMthoM meM bhI vaise AdhyAtmika pratyakSa kA spaSTa varNana hai / jaina paraMparA meM pAyA jAnevAlA 'avadhijJAna' zabda to jainetara paraMparAoM meM dekhA nahIM jAtA para jaina paraMparA kA 'manaHparyAya' zabda to 'paracittajJAna" yA 'paracittavijAnanA" jaise sadRzarUpa meM anyatra dekhA jAtA hai / ukta do jJAnoM kI darzanAntarIya tulanA isa prakAra hai-1. jaina 2. vaidika 3. bauddha vaizeSika 1 avadhi 1 viyuktayogipratyakSa athavA yuJjAnayogipratyakSa 2 manaHparyAya pAtaJjala 9 bhuvanajJAna, tArAvyUhajJAna, dhruvagatijJAna Adi 2 paracittajJAna 2 paracittajJAna, cetaHparijJAna manaHparyAya jJAna kA viSaya mana ke dvArA cintyamAna vastu hai yA cintanapravRtta 1 dekho, yogasUtra vibhUtipAda, sUtra 16.26 ityAdi / 2 dekho, kaMdalITIkA sahita prazastapAdabhASya, pR0 187 / 3 dekho, majjhimanikAya, sutta 6 / 4 ' pratyayasya paracittajJAnam - yogasUtra. 3.16 / 5. dekho, abhidhammatthasaMgaho, 6.24 / 425

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426 jaina dharma aura darzana manodravya kI avasthAe~ haiN| - isa viSaya meM jaina paraMparA meM aikamatya nahIM / niyukti aura tattvArtha sUtra evaM tattvArthasUtrIya vyAkhyAoM meM pahalA pakSa varNita hai; jaba ki vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM dUsare pakSa kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| paraMtu yogabhASya tathA majjhimanikAya meM jo paracitta jJAna kA varNana hai usameM kevala dUsarA hI pakSa hai jisakA samarthana jinabhadragaNi-kSamAzramaNa ne kiyA hai| yogabhASyakAra tathA maminikAyakAra spaSTa zabdoM meM yahI kahate haiM ki aise pratyakSa ke dvArA dUsaroM ke citta kA hI sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, citra ke zrAlambana kA nahIM / yogabhASya meM to citta ke Alambana kA grahaNa ho na sakane ke pakSa meM dalIleM bhI dI gaI haiM / yahA~ vicAraNIya bAteM do haiM-eka to yaha ki manaHparyAya jJAna ke viSaya ke bAre meM jo jaina vAGmaya meM do pakSa dekhe jAte haiM, isakA spaSTa artha kyA yaha nahIM hai ki pichale varNanakArI sAhitya yuga meM granthakAra purAnI zrAdhyAtmika bAtoM kA tArkika varNana to karate the para AdhyAtmika anubhava kA yuga bIta cukA thA / dUsarI bAta vicAraNIya yaha hai ki yogabhASya, majjhimanikAya aura vizeSAvazyakameM pAyA jAnevAlA aikamatya svataMtra cintana kA pariNAma hai yA kisI eka kA dUsare para sara bhI hai ? bhASya jaina vAGamaya meM avadhi aura manaHparyAya ke saMbandha meM jo kucha varNana hai usa sabakA upayoga karake upAdhyAyajI ne jJAnabindu meM una donoM jJAnoM kA aisA supariSkRta lakSaNa kiyA hai aura lakSaNagata pratyekaM vizeSaNa kA aisA buddhigamya prayojana batalAyA hai jo anya kisI grantha meM pAyA nahIM jAtA / upAdhyAyajI ne lakSaNavicAra to ukta donoM jJAnoM ke bheda ko mAnakara hI kiyA hai, para sAtha hI unhoMne ukta donoM jJAnoM kA bheda na mAnanevAlI siddhasena divAkara kI dRSTi kA samarthana bhI [ 55-56 ] bache mArmika DhaMga se kiyA hai / 4. kevala jJAna kI carcA * [ 57 ] avadhi aura manaHparyAya jJAna kI carcA samApta karane ke bAda upAdhyAyajI ne kevalajJAna kI carcA zurU kI hai, jo grantha ke anta taka calI jAtI hai aura graMtha kI samApti ke sAtha hI pUrNa hotI hai / prastuta grantha meM anya jJAnoM kI apekSA kevalajJAna kI hI carcA adhika vistRta hai / mati Adi cAra pUrvavartI jJAnoM kI carcA ne graMtha kA jitanA bhAga rokA hai usase kucha kama dUnA graMtha-bhAga kele kevalajJAna kI carcA ne rokA hai / isa carcA meM jina aneka tathA jJAna bindu, 1 dekho, pramANamImAMsA, bhASATippaNa pR0 37; TippaNa pR0 107 /

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kevalajJAna kI carcA 427 premeyoM para upAdhyAyajI ne vicAra kiyA hai unameM se nIce likhe vicAroM para yahA~ kucha vicAra pradarzita karanA iSTa hai (1) kevala jJAna ke astitva kI sAdhaka yukti 1 (2) kevala jJAna ke svarUpa kA pariSkRta lakSaNa / (3) kevala jJAna ke utpAdaka kAraNoM kA prazna / (4) rAgAdi doSoM ke jJAnAvArakatva tathA karmajanyatva kA prazna / (5) nairAtmyabhAvanA kA nirAsa / (6) brahmajJAna kA nirAsa / (7) zruti aura smRtiyoM kA jaina matAnukUla vyAkhyAna / (8) kucha jJAtavya jaina mantavyoM kA kathana | (6) kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke krama tathA bhedAbheda ke saMbandha meM pUrvAcAryoM ke pakSabheda | (10) graMthakAra kA tAtparya tathA unakI svopajJa vicAraNA / (1) kevala jJAna ke astitva kI sAdhaka yukti [ 58 ] bhAratIya tattvacintakoM meM jo AdhyAtmika zaktivAdI haiM, unameM bhI AdhyAtmikazaktijanya jJAna ke bAre meM saMpUrNa aikamatya nahIM / zrAdhyAtmikazaktijanya jJAna saMkSepa meM do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / eka to vaha jo indriyAgamya aise sUkSma mUrta padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara sake / dUsarA vaha jo mUrta-amUrta sabhI traikAlika vastuoM kA eka sAtha sAkSAtkAra kare / inameM se pahale prakAra kA sAkSAtkAra to sabhI AdhyAtmika tattvacintakoM ko mAnya hai, phira cAhe nAma Adi ke saMbandha meM bheda bhale hI ho / pUrva mImAMsaka jo AdhyAtmikazaktijanya pUrNa sAkSAtkAra yA sarvajJatva' kA virodhI hai use bhI pahale prakAra ke AdhyAtmikazaktijanya apUrNa sAkSAtkAra ko mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM ho sakatI / matabheda hai to sirpha zrAdhyAtmika zaktijanya pUrNa sAkSAtkAra ke ho sakane na ho sakane ke viSaya meM / mImAMsaka ke sivAya dUsarA koI AdhyAtmika vAdI nahIM hai jo aise sArvajJya - pUrNa sAkSAtkAra ko na mAnatA ho / sabhI sArvatyavAdI paraMparAoM ke zAstroM meM pUrNa sAkSAtkAra ke astitva kA varNana to parApUrva se calA hI AtA hai; para prativAdI ke sAmane usakI samarthaka yuktiyA~ hamezA eka-sI nahIM rahI haiM / 1 sarvajJatvavAda ke tulanAtmaka itihAsa ke lie dekho, pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR0 27 /

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jaina dharma aura darzana inameM samaya-samaya para vikAsa hotA rahA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne prastuta grantha meM sarvajJatva kI samarthaka jisa yukti ko upasthita kiyA hai vaha yukti uddezyataH prativAdI mImAMsakoM ke saMmukha hI rakhI gaI hai / mImAMsaka kA kahanA hai ki aisA koI zAstranirapekSa mAtra AdhyAtmikazaktijanya pUrNa jJAna ho nahIM sakatA jo dharmAdharma jaise atIndriya padArthoM kA bhI sAkSAtkAra kara sake / usake sAmane sArvajJyavAdiyoM kI eka yukti yaha rahI hai ki jo vastu ' sAtizaya-taratamabhAvApanna hotI hai vaha bar3hate-bar3hate kahIM na nahIM pUrNa dazA ko prApta kara letI hai / jaise ki parimANa | parimANa choTA bhI hai aura taratamabhAva se bar3A bhI / ataeva vaha zrAkAzAdi meM pUrNa kASThA ko prApta dekhA jAtA hai| yahI hAla jJAna kA bhI hai| jJAna kahIM alpa to kahIM adhika -- isa taraha taratamavAlA dekhA jAtA hai / ataeva vaha kahIM na kahIM saMpUrNa bhI honA cAhie / jahA~ vaha pUrNakalA prAsa hogA vahI sarvajJa | isa yukti ke dvArA upAdhyAyajI ne bhI jJAnavindu meM kevala jJAna ke astitva kA samarthana kiyA hai / yahA~ aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha prazna hai ki prastuta yukti kA mUla kahA~ taka pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha jaina paraMparA meM kaba se AI dekhI jAtI hai / abhI taka ke hamAre vAcana- cintana se hameM yahI jAna par3atA hai ki isa yukti kA purANatama ullekha yogasUtra ke alAvA anyatra nahIM hai / hama pAtaMjala yogasUtra ke prathamapAda meM 'tatra niratizayaM sarvajJabIjam' [ 1.25. ] aisA sUtra pAte haiM, jisameM sApha taura se yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki jJAna kA tAratamya hI sarvaza ke astitva kA bIja hai jo Izvara meM pUrNarUpeNa vikasita hai / isa sUtra ke Upara ke bhASya meM vyAsa ne to mAnoM sUtra ke vidhAna kA Azaya hastAmalakavat prakaTa kiyA hai / nyAyavaizeSika paraMparA jo sarvajJavAdI hai usake sUtra bhASya Adi prAcIna graMthoM meM isa sarvajJAstitva kI sAdhaka yukti kA ullekha nahIM hai, hama prazastapAda kI TIkA vyomavatI [ pR0 560 ] meM usakA ullekha pAte haiN| para aisA kahanA niyuktika nahIM hogA ki vyomatI kA vaha ullekha yogasUtra tathA usake bhAgya ke bAda kA hI hai| kAma kI kisI bhI acchI dalIla kA prayoga jaba eka bAra kisI ke dvArA carcAkSetra meM yA jAtA hai taba phira Age vaha sarvasAdhAraNa ho jAtA hai / prastuta yukti ke bAre meM bhI yahI huA jAna par3atA hai| saMbhavataH sAMkhya yoga paraMparA ne usa yukti kA AviSkAra kiyA phira usane nyAya-vaizeSika tathA cauddha paraMparA ke 1 dekho, jJAnabindu, TippaNa pR0 108. paM0 16 / 2 dekho, tattva saMgraha, pR0 825 /

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kevalajJAna kA pariSkRta lakSaNa 426 graMthoM meM bhI pratiSThita sthAna prApta kiyA aura isI taraha vaha jaina paraMparA meM bhI pratiSThita huii| jaina paraMparA ke Agama, niyukti, bhASya Adi prAcIna aneka grantha sarvajJatva ke varNana se bhare par3e haiM, para hameM uparyukta jJAnatAratamya vAlI sarvajJatvasAdhaka yukti kA sarva prathama prayoga mallavAdI kI kRti meM hI dekhane ko milatA hai| abhI yaha kahanA saMbhava nahIM ki mallavAdI ne kisa paraMparA se vaha yakti apnaaii| para itanA to nizcita hai ki mallavAdI ke bAda ke sabhI digambara-zvetAmbara tArkikoM ne isa yukti kA udAratA se upayoga kiyA hai| upAdhyAyajI ne bhI jJAnabindu meM kevalajJAna ke astitva ko siddha karane ke vAste eka mAtra isI yukti kA prayoga tathA pallavana kiyA hai / (2) kevalajJAna kA pariSkRta lakSaNa [57 ] prAcIna Agama, niyukti Adi granthoM meM tathA pIche ke tArkika graMthoM meM jahA~ kahIM kevalajJAna kA svarUpa jaina vidvAnoM ne batalAyA hai vahA~ sthUla zabdoM meM itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki jo AtmamAtrasApekSa yA bAhyasAdhananirapekSa sAkSAkAra, saba padArthoM ko arthAt traikAlika dravya-paryAyoM ko viSaya karatA hai vahI kevalajJAna hai| upAdhyAyajI ne prastuta grantha meM kevalajJAna kA svarUpa to vahI mAnA hai para unhoMne usakA nirUpaNa aisI navIna zailI se kiyA hai jo unake pahale ke kisI jaina grantha meM nahIM dekhI jAtI / upAdhyAyajI ne naiyAyika udayana tathA gaMgeza Adi kI pariSkRta paribhASA meM kevalazAna ke svarUpa kA lakSaNa savistara spaSTa kiyA hai| isa jagaha inake lakSaNa se saMbandha rakhanevAle do muddoM para dArzanika tulanA karanI prApta hai, jinameM pahalA hai sAkSAtkAratva kA aura dUsarA hai sarvaviSayakatva kA / ina donoM muddoM para mImAMsaka bhinna sabhI dArzanikoM kA aikamatya hai / agara unake kathana meM thor3A antara hai to vaha sirpha paraMparA bheda kA hI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana jaba 'sarva' viSayaka sAkSAtkAra kA varNana karatA hai taba vaha 'sarva' zabda se apanI paraMparA meM prasiddha dravya, guNa zrAdi sAtoM padArthoM ko saMpUrNa bhAva se letA hai / sAMkhya-yoga jaba 'sarva' viSayaka sAkSAtkAra kA citraNa karatA hai taba vaha apanI paraMparA meM prasiddha prakRti, puruSa Adi 25 tatvoM ke pUrNa sAkSAtkAra kI bAta kahatA hai / bauddha darzana 'sarva' zabda se apanI 2 dekho, nayacakra, likhita prati, pR0 123 a) 3 dekho, tattvasaMgraha, kA0 3134; tathA usakI pnyjikaa|

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430 jaina dharma aurada rzana 1 paraMparA meM prasiddha paJca skandhoM ko saMpUrNa bhAva se letA hai / vedAnta darzana 'sa zabda se apanI paraMparA meM pAramArthika rUpa se prasiddha eka mAtra pUrNa brahma ko hI letA hai| jaina darzana bhI 'sarva' zabda se apanI paraMparA meM prasiddha saparyAya SaD dravyoM ko pUrNarUpeNa letA hai / isa taraha uparyukta sabhI darzana apanI-apanI paraMparA ke anusAra mAne jAnevAle saba padArthoM ko lekara unakA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra mAnate haiM aura tadanusArI lakSaNa bhI karate haiM / para isa lakSaNagata ukta sarvaviSayakatva tathA sAkSAtkAratva ke viruddha mImAMsaka kI sakhta Apatti hai / mImAMsaka sarvajJavAdiyoM se kahatA hai ki agara sarvajJa kA tuma loga nIce likhe pA~ca arthoM meM se koI bhI artha karo to tumhAre viruddha merI Apatti nahIM / agara tuma loga yaha kaho ki sarvajJa kA mAnI hai 'sarva' zabda ko jAnanevAlA ( 1 ); yA yaha kaho ki - sarvajJa zabda se hamArA abhiprAya hai tela, pAnI Adi kisI eka cIja ko pUrNa rUpeNa jAnanA ( 2 ) ; yA yaha kaho ki - sarvajJa zabda se hamArA matalaba hai sAre jagata ko mAtra sAmAnyarUpeNa jAnanA ( 3 ); yA yaha kaho ki - sarvajJa zabda kA artha hai hamArI apanI-apanI paraMparA meM jo-jo tattva zAstra siddha haiM unakA zAstra dvArA pUrNa jJAna : 4); yA yaha kaho ki - sarvajJa zabda se hamArA tAtparya kevala itanA hI hai ki jo-jo vastu, jisa-jisa pratyakSa, anumAnAdi pramANa gamya hai una saba vastuoM ko unake grAhaka saba pramANoM ke dvArA yathAsaMbhava jAnanA (5); vahI sarvajJatva hai / ina pA~coM meM se to kisI pakSa ke sAmane mIma - saka kI Apatti nahIM; kyoMki mImAMsaka ukta pA~coM pakSoM ke svIkAra ke dvArA phalita honevAlA sarvajJatva mAnatA hI hai / usakI Apatti hai to isa para ki aisA koI sAkSAtkAra ( pratyakSa ) ho nahIM sakatA jo jagat ke saMpUrNa padArthoM ko pUrNarUpeNa kama se yA yugapat jAna sake / mImAMsaka ko sAkSAtkAratva mAnya hai, para vaha sarvaviSayaka jJAna meM / use sarvaviSayakatva bhI abhipreta hai, para vaha zAstrajanya parokSa jJAna ho meM isa taraha kevalajJAna ke svarUpa ke viruddha sabase prabala aura purAnI Apatti uThAnevAlA hai mImAMsaka / usako sabhI sarvajJavAdiyoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se javAna diyA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne bhI kevalajJAna ke svarUpa kA pariSkRta lakSaNa karake, usa viSaya meM mImAMsaka saMmata svarUpa ke viruddha hI jaina mantavya hai, yaha - bAta batAI hai | + yahA~ prasaMgavaza eka bAta aura bhI jAna lenI jarUrI hai / vaha yaha ki yadyapi 1 dekho, tattva saMgraha, kA0 3126 se /

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kevalajJAna ke kAraNa 431 vedAnta darzana bhI anya sarvajJavAdiyoM kI taraha sarva-pUrNa brahmaviSayaka sAkSAtkAra mAnakara apane ko sarvasAkSAtkArAtmaka kevalajJAna kA mAnanevAlA batalAtA hai aura mImAMsaka ke mantavya se judA par3atA hai| phira bhI eka mudde para mImAMsaka aura vedAnta kI ekavAkyatA hai| vaha muddA hai zAstrasApekSatA kaa| mImAMsaka kahatA hai ki sarvaviSayaka parokSa jJAna bhI zAstra ke sivAya ho nahIM sktaa| vedAnta brahmasAkSAtkAra rUpa sarvasAkSAtkAra ko mAnakara bhI usI bAta ko kahatA hai| kyoMki vedAnta kA mata hai ki brahmajJAna bhale hI sAkSAtkAra rUpa ho, para usakA saMbhava vedAntazAstra ke sivAya nahIM hai / isa taraha mUla meM eka hI vedapatha para prasthita mImAMsaka aura vedAnta kA kevala jJAna ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabheda hote hue bhI usake utpAdaka kAraNa rUpa se eka mAtra veda zAstra kA svIkAra karane meM koI bhI matabheda nhiiN| (3) kevala jJAna ke utpAdaka kAraNoM kA prazna [56 ] kevala jJAna ke utpAdaka kAraNa aneka haiM, jaise-bhAvanA, adRSTa, viziSTa zabda aura AvaraNakSaya Adi / inameM kisI eka ko prAdhAnya aura bAkI * ko aprAdhAnya dekara vibhinna dArzanikoM ne kevalajJAna kI utpatti ke jude-jude kAraNa sthApita kie haiN| udAharaNArtha--sAMkhya-yoga aura bauddha darzana kevala jJAna ke janaka rUpa se bhAvanA kA pratipAdana karate haiM, jaba ki nyAya-vaizeSika darzana yogaja adRSTa ko kevalajJAnajanaka batalAte haiN| vedAnta 'tattvamasi' jaise mahAvAkya ko kevalajJAna kA janaka mAnatA hai, jaba ki jaina darzana kevalajJAnajanakarUpa se AvaraNa-karma-kSaya kA hI sthApana karatA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne bhI prastuta graMtha meM karmakSaya ko hI kevalajJAnajanaka sthApita karane ke lie anya pakSoM kA nirAsa kiyA hai| __ mImAMsA jo mUla meM kevalajJAna ke hI viruddha hai usane sarvazatva kA asaMbhava dikhAne ke lie bhAvanAmUlaka ' sarvajJatvavAdI ke sAmane yaha dalIla kI hai kibhAvanAjanya jJAna yathArtha ho hI nahIM sakatA; jaisA ki kAmuka vyakti kA bhAvanAmUlaka svApnika kAminIsAkSAtkAra / / 61] dUsare yaha ki bhAvanAjJAna parokSa hone se aparokSa sArvajya kA janaka bhI nahIM ho sktaa| tIsare yaha ki agara bhAvanA ko sArvaiyajanaka mAnA jAe to eka adhika pramANa bhI [ pR020 paM0 23 ] mAnanA pdd'egaa| mImAMsA ke dvArA diye gae ukta tInoM doSoM meM se pahale do doSoM kA uddhAra to bauddha, sAMkhya-yoga Adi sabhI bhAvanAkAraNavAdI 1 dekho, jJAnabindu, TippaNa, pR0 108 paM0 23 se /

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jaina dharma aura darzana eka-sA karate haiM, jabaki upAdhyAyajI ukta tInoM doSoM kA uddhAra apanA siddhAnta bheda [ 62] batalA kara hI karate haiN| ve jJAnabindu meM karmakSaya pada para hI bhAra dekara kahate haiM ki vAstava meM to sArvajya kA kAraNa hai kakSaya ho / karmakSaya ko pradhAna mAnane meM unakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vahI kevalajJAna kI utpatti kA avyavahita kAraNa hai| unhoMne bhAvanA ko kAraNa nahIM mAnA, so aprAdhAnya kI dRSTi se| ve spaSTa kahate haiM ki-bhAvanA jo zukladhyAna kA hI nAmAntara hai vaha kevalajJAna kI utpAdaka avazya hai; para karmakSaya ke dvArA ho / ataeva bhAvanA kevalajJAna kA avyavahita kAraNa na hone se karmakSaya kI apekSA apradhAna hI hai| jisa yukti se unhoMne bhAvanAkAraNavAda kA nirAsa kiyA hai usI yukti se unhoMne adRSTakAraNavAda kA bhI nirAsa / 63 ] kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki agara yogajanya adRSTa sArvajya kA kAraNa ho taba bhI vaha karmarUpa pratibandhaka ke nAza ke sivAya sArvazya paidA nahIM kara sktaa| aisI hAlata meM adRSTa kI apekSA karmakSaya hI kevalajJAna kI utpatti meM pradhAna kAraNa siddha hotA hai| zabdakAraNavAda kA nirAsa upAdhyAyajI ne yahI kahakara kiyA hai kisahakArI kAraNa kaise hI kyoM na hoM, para parokSa jJAna kA janaka zabda kabhI unake sahakAra se aparokSa jJAna kA janaka nahIM bana sakatA / sArvatya kI utpatti kA krama saba darzanoM kA samAna hI hai| paribhASA bheda bhI nahIM-sA hai| isa bAta kI pratIti nIce kI gaI tulanA se ho jAegI--

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4 nyAya-vaizeSika 1 samyagjJAna 1 rAgAdihrAsa kA prAraMbha 1 jaina 1 samyagdarzana 2 kSapakazreNIkArAgAdi ke hrAsa kA-prAraMbha 3 zukladhyAna ke bala se mohanIya kA- rAgAdidoSa kA Atyantika kSaya 2 bauddha 1 samyagdRSTi 2 rAgAdi klezoM ke hAsa kA prAraMbha 3 bhAvanA ke bala se klezAvaraNa kA Atyantika kSaya 5 vedAnta 1 samyagdarzana 2 rAgAdihAsa kA prAraMbha 3 sAMkhya-yoga 1 viveka khyAti 2 prasaMkhyAnasaMprajJAta samAdhi kA prAraMbha 3 asaMprajJAtadharmamegha samAdhi dvArA rAgAdi klezakarma kI Atyantika nivRtti 4 prakAzAvaraNa ke nAza dvArA . 3 bhAvanA-nididhyAsana ke bala se klezoM kA kSaya 3 asaMprajJAta-dharma- megha samAdhi dvArA rAgAdi klezakarma kI prAtyantika nivRtti 4 samAdhijanya dharma dvArA sArvazya kevala zAna kI utpatti kA krama 4 jJAnAvaraNa ke sarvathA nAza dvArA sarvajJatva 4 bhAvanA ke prakarSa se jJa yAvaraNa ke sarvathA nAza ke / dvArA sarvajJatva 4 bramasAkSAtkAra ke dvArA azAnAdi kA vilaya sAvajya 433

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jaina dharma aura darzana (4) rAgAdi doSoM kA vicAra [ 65 ] sarvajJa jJAna kI utpatti ke krama ke saMbandha meM jo tulanA Upara kI gaI hai usase spaSTa hai ki rAga, dveSa Adi klezoM ko hI saba dArzanika kevalajJAna kA vAraka mAnate haiN| sabake mata se kevalajJAna kI utpatti tabhI saMbhava hai jaba ki ukta doSoM kA sarvathA nAza ho / isa taraha upAdhyAyajI ne rAgAdi doSoM meM sarvasaMmata kevala- jJAnAvArakatva kA samarthana kiyA hai aura pIche unhoMne rAgAdi doSoM ko karmajanya sthApita kiyA hai| rAga, dveSa Adi jo cittagata yA zrAtmagata doSa haiM unakA mukhya kAraNa karma arthAt janma-janmAntara meM saMcita Atmagata doSa hI haiN| aisA sthApana karane meM upAdhyAyajI kA tAtparya punarjanmavAda kA svIkAra karanA hai / upAdhyAyajI Astikadarzanasammata punarjanmavAda kI prakiyA kA Azraya lekara hI kevalajJAna kI prakriyA kA vicAra karate haiM / ataeva isa prasaMga meM unhoMne rAgAdi doSoM ko karmajanya yA punarjanmamUlaka na mAnanevAle matoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| aise mata tIna haiN| jinameM se eka mata [ 66 ] yaha hai, ki rAga kaphajanya hai, dveSa pittajanya hai aura moha vAtajanya hai / dUsarA mata [ 67 ] yaha hai ki rAga zukropacayajanya hai ityAdi / tIsarA mata [ 68 ] yaha hai ki zarIra meM pRthvI aura jala tattva kI vRddhi se rAga paidA hotA hai, tejo aura vAyu kI vRddhi se dveSa paidA hotA hai, jala aura vAyu kI vRddhi se moha paidA hotA hai / ina tInoM matoM meM rAga, dveSa aura moha kA kAraNa manogata yA Atmagata karma na mAnakara zarIragata vaiSamya hI mAnA gayA hai / yadyapi ukta tInoM matoM ke anusAra rAga, dva eSa aura moha ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna haiM; phira bhI una tInoM mata kI mUla dRSTi eka hI hai aura vaha yaha hai ki punarjanma yA punarjanmasaMbaddha karma mAnakara rAga, dveSa Adi doSoM kI utpatti ghaTAne kI koI jarUrata nahIM hai / zarIragata doSoM ke dvArA yA zarIragata vaiSamya ke dvArA hI rAgAdi kI utpatti ghaTAI jA sakatI hai / 4 yadyapi ukta tInoM matoM meM se pahale hI ko upAdhyAyajI ne bArhaspatya arthAt cArvAka mata kahA hai, phira bhI vicAra karane se yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki ukta tInoM matoM kI AdhArabhUta mUla dRSTi, punarjanma binA mAne hI varttamAna zarIra kA Azraya lekara vicAra karanevAlI hone se, asala meM cArvAka dRSTi hI hai / isI dRSTi kA Azraya lekara cikitsAzAstra prathama mata ko upasthita karatA hai; jaba ki kAmazAstra dUsare mata ko upasthita karatA hai / tIsarA mata saMbhavataH haThayoga kA hai / ukta tInoM kI samAlocanA karake upAdhyAyajI ne yaha batalAyA hai ki rAga, dveSa aura moha ke upazamana tathA kSaya kA saccA va mukhya upAya AdhyAtmika

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435 nairAtmya Adi bhAvanA arthAt jJAna-dhyAna dvArA zrAtmazuddhi karanA hI hai; na ki ukta tInoM matoM ke dvArA pratipAdana kie jAnevAle mAtra bhautika upAya / prathama mata ke puraskarttAoM ne vAta, pitta, kapha ina tIna dhAtutroM ke sAmya sampAdana ko hI rAgAdi doSoM ke zamana kA upAya mAnA hai| dUsare mata ke sthApakoM ne samucita kAmasevana Adi ko hI rAgAdi doSoM kA zamanopAya mAnA hai / tIsare mata ke samarthakoM ne pRthivI, jala Adi tatvoM ke samIkaraNa ko hI rAgAdi doSoM kA upazamanopAya mAnA hai / upAdhyAyajI ne ukta tInoM matoM kI samAlocanA meM yahI batalAne kI koziza kI hai ki samAlocya tInoM matoM ke dvArA, jo-jo rAgAdi ke zamana kA upAya batalAyA jAtA hai vaha vAstava meM rAga Adi doSoM kA zamana kara hI nahIM sakatA / ve kahate haiM ki vAta Adi dhAtuoM kA kitanA hI sAmya kyoM na sampAdita kiyA jAe, samucita kAmasevana Adi bhI kyoM na kiyA jAe, pRthivI Adi tattvoM kA samIkaraNa bhI kyoM na kiyA jAe, phira bhI jaba taka Atma-zuddhi nahIM hotI taba taka rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM kA pravAha bhI sUkha nahIM sakatA / isa samAlocanA se upAdhyAyajI ne punarjanmavAdisammata AdhyAtmika mArga kA hI samarthana kiyA hai / upAdhyAyajI kI prastuta samAlocanA koI sarvathA nayI vastu nahIM hai / bhArata varSa meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi vAle bhautika dRSTi kA nirAsa hajAroM varSa pahale se karate Ae haiM / vahI upAdhyAyajI ne bhI kiyA hai-para zailI unakI naI hai / 'jJAnabindu' meM upAdhyAyajI ne uparyukta tInoM matoM kI jo samAlocanA kI hai vaha dharmakIrti ke 'pramANavArttika' aura zAntarakSita ke 'tattvasaMgraha' meM bhI pAI jAtI hai| ( 5 ) nairAtmya Adi bhAvanA I [ 66 ] pahale tulanA dvArA yaha dikhAyA jA cukA hai ki sabhI AdhyAtmika darzana bhAvanA - - dhyAna dvArA hI ajJAna kA sarvathA nAza aura kevalajJAna kI utpatti mAnate haiM / jaba sArvajJya prApti ke lie bhAvanA Avazyaka hai taba yaha bhI . vicAra karanA prApta hai ki vaha bhAvanA kaisI arthAt kiviSayaka 1 bhAvanA ke svarUpa viSayaka prazna kA javAba saba kA eka nahIM hai / dArzanika zAstroM meM pAI jAnevAlI bhAvanA saMkSepa meM tIna prakAra kI hai-- nairAtmyabhAvanA, brahmabhAvanA aura vivekabhAvanA | nairAtmyabhAvanA bauddhoM kI hai / brahmabhAvanA zraupaniSadaM darzana kI hai| bAkI ke satra darzana vivekabhAvanA mAnate haiM / nairAtmya 1 dekho, jJAnabindu TippaNa pR0 106 paM0 26 se / 2 dekho, jJAnabindu TippaNa pR0 106 paM0 30 //

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436 jaina dharma aura darzana bhAvanA vaha hai jisameM yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki sthira AtmA jaisI yA dravya jaisI koI vastu hai hI nahIM / jo kucha hai vaha saba kSaNika evaM asthira hI hai / isake viparIta brahmabhAvanA vaha hai jisameM yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki brahma arthAt zrAtma-tattva ke sivAya aura koI vastu pAramArthika nahIM hai; tathA zrAtma-tattva bhI bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai / vivekabhAvanA vaha hai jo AtmA aura jar3a donoM dravyoM kA pAramArthika aura svatantra astitva mAnakara calatI hai / vivekabhAvanA ko bhedabhAvanA bhI kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki usameM jar3a aura cetana ke pArasparika bheda kI taraha jar3a tattva meM tathA cetana tattva meM bhI bheda mAnane kA avakAza hai / ukta tInoM bhAvanAe~ svarUpa eka dUsare se bilakula viruddha haiM, phira bhI unake dvArA uddezya siddhi meM koI antara nahIM par3atA / nairAtmyabhAvanA ke samarthaka bauddha kahate haiM ki agara AtmA jaisI koI sthira vastu ho to usa para meM rAga aura duHkha meM dveSa hotA sneha bhI zAzvata rahegA; jisase tRSNAmUlaka sukha meM hai| jaba taka sukha-rAga aura duHkha-dveSa ho taba taka pravRtti nivRtti - saMsAra kA cakra bhI ruka nahIM sakatA / ataeva jise saMsAra ko chor3anA ho usake lie sarala va mukhya upAya zrAtmAbhiniveza chor3anA hI hai / bauddha dRSTi ke anusAra sAre doSoM kI jar3a kevala sthira Atma-tattva ke svIkAra meM hai / eka bAra usa abhiniveza kA sarvathA parityAga kiyA phira to na rahegA bAMsa aura na bajegI bA~surIarthAt jar3a ke kaTa jAne se sneha aura tRSNAmUlaka saMsAracakra apane Apa baMdha par3a jAegA / brahmabhAvanA ke samarthaka kahate haiM ki ajJAna hI duHkha va saMsAra kI jar3a hai / hama grAtmabhinna vastutroM ko pAramArthika mAnakara una para mahatva - mamatva dhAraNa karate haiM aura tabhI rAgadveSamUlaka pravRtti-nivRtti kA cakra calatA hai / agara hama brahmabhinna vastuoM meM pAramArthikatva mAnanA chor3a deM aura eka mAtra brahma kA hI pAramArthikatva mAna leM tatra ajJAnamUlaka arhatva - mamatva kI buddhi naSTa ho jAne se tanmUlaka rAga-dveSajanya pravRttinivRtti kA cakra apane Apa hI ruka jAegA ! vivekabhAvanA ke samarthaka kahate haiM ki AtmA aura jar3a donoM meM pAramArthikalva buddhi huI -- itane mAtra se haMsva-mamatva paidA nahIM hotA aura na AtmA ko sthira mAnane mAtra se rAgadveSAdi kI pravRtti hotI hai| unakA mantavya hai ki AtmA ko AtmarUpa na samajhanA aura anAtmA ko anAtmarUpa na samajhanA yaha jJAna hai / ataeva jar3a meM Atmabuddhi aura AtmA meM jar3atva kI yA zUnyatva kI buddhi karanA yahI jJAna hai / isa ajJAna ko dUra karane ke lie vivekabhAvanA kI zrAvazyakatA hai /

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brahmajJAna kA nirAsa 437 upAdhyAyajI jaina dRSTi ke anusAra vivekabhAvanA ke avalaMbI haiN| yadyapi vivekabhAvanA ke avalaMbI sAMkhya-yoga tathA nyAya-vaizeSika ke sAtha jaina darzana kA thor3A matabheda avazya hai phira bhI upAdhyAyajI ne prastuta grantha meM nairAtmyabhAvanA aura brahmabhAvanA ke Upara hI khAsa taura se prahAra karanA cAhA hai / isakA saca yaha hai ki sAMkhyayogAdisaMmata vivekabhAvanA jainasaMmata vivekabhAvanA se utanI dUra yA viruddha nahIM jitanI ki nairAtmyabhAvanA aura brahmabhAvanA hai / nairAtmyabhAvanA ke khaNDana meM upAdhyAyajI ne khAsakara bauddhasaMmata kSaNabhaMga vAda kA hI khaNDana kiyA hai / usa khaNDana meM unakI mukhya dalIla yaha rahI hai ki ekAnta kSaNikatva vAda ke sAtha bandha aura mokSa kI vicArasaraNi mela nahIM khAtI hai / yadyapi upAdhyAyajI ne jaisA nairAtmyabhAvanA kA nAmollekha pUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai vaisA brahmabhAvanA kA nAmollekhapUrvaka khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI unhoMne Age jAkara ati vistAra se vedAMtasaMmata sArI prakriyA kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai| usameM brahmabhAvanA kA nirAsa apane Apa hI samA jAtA hai / (6) brahmajJAna kA nirAsa " [ 73 ] kSaNabhaMga vAda kA nirAsa karane ke bAda upAdhyAyajI advaitavAdisaMmata brahmajJAna, jo jainadarzanasaMmata kevalajJAna sthAnIya hai, usakA khaNDana zurU karate haiN| mukhyatayA madhusUdana sarasvatI ke graMthoM ko hI sAmane rakhakara unameM pratipAdita brahmajJAna kI prakriyA kA nirAsa karate haiM / madhusUdana sarasvatI zAGkara vedAnta ke asAdhAraNa navya vidvAn haiM; jo IsA kI solahavIM zatAbdI meM hue haiN| zraddhasiddhi siddhAntabindu vadAntakalpalatikA Adi aneka gaMbhIra aura vidvanmAnya grantha unake banAe hue haiM / unameM se mukhyatayA vedAntakalpalatikA kA upayoga prastuta graMtha meM upAdhyAyajI ne kiyA hai / madhusUdana sarasvatI ne vedAntakalpalatikA meM jisa vistAra se aura jisa paribhASA meM brahmasAna kA varNana kiyA hai upAdhyAyajI ne ThIka usI vistAra se usI paribhASA meM prastuta jJAnabindu meM khaNDana kiyA hai / zAGkarasaMmata advaita brahmajJAnaprakriyA kA virodha sabhI dvaitavAdI darzana eka sA karate haiM / upAdhyAyajI ne bhI vaisA hI virodha kiyA hai para paryavasAna meM thor3A sA antara hai / vaha yaha ki jaba dUsare dvaitavAdI dvaitadarzana ke bAda apanA-apanA abhimata dvaita sthApanA karate haiM, taba upAdhyAyajI brahmajJAna ke khaNDana ke dvArA jainadarzanasaMgata dvaita-prakriyA kA hI spaSTatayA sthApanA karate 1 dekho, jJAnabiMdu TippaNa pR0 106, paM0 6 tathA 111. paM. 30 /

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438 jaina dharma aura darzana haiN| ataeva yaha to kahane kI jarUrata hI nahIM ki upAdhyAyajI kI khaNDana yuktiyA~ prAyaH ve hI haiM jo anya dvaitavAdiyoM kI hotI haiM / prastuta khaNDana meM upAdhyAyajI ne mukhyatayA cAra muddoM para Apatti uThAI hai / (1) [73 ] akhaNDa brahma kA astitva / (2) [84] brahmAkAra aura brahmaviSayaka nirvikalpaka vRtti / (3) [14] aisI vRtti kA zabdamAtrajanyatva / (4) [79 ] brahmajJAna se ajJAnAdi kI nivRtti / ina cAroM muddoM para taraha-taraha se Apatti uThAkara anta meM yahI batalAyA hai ki advaitasaMmata brahmajJAna tathA usake dvArA ajJAnanivRtti kI prakriyA hI sadoSa aura truTipUrNa hai / isa khaNDana prasaMga meM unhoMne eka vedAntasaMmata ati ramaNIya aura vicAraNIya prakriyA kA bhI savistAra ullekha karake khaNDana kiyA hai| vaha prakriyA isa prakAra hai-76 ] vedAnta pAramArthika, vyAvahArika aura pratibhAsika aisI tIna sattAe~ mAnatA hai jo ajJAnagata tIna zaktiyoM kA kArya hai / ajJAna ko prathamA zakti brahmabhinna vastuoM meM pAramArthikatva buddhi paidA karatI hai jisake vazIbhUta hokara loga bAhya vastuoM ko pAramArthika mAnate aura kahate haiM / naiyAyikAdi darzana, jo Atmabhinna vastuoM kA bhI pAramArthikatva mAnate haiM, vaha ajJAnagata prathama zakti kA hI pariNAma hai arthAt Atmabhinna bAhya vastuoM ko pAramArthika samajhane vAle sabhI darzana prathamazaktigarbhita ajJAnajanita haiN| jaba vedAntavAkya se brahAviSayaka zravaNAdi kA paripAka hotA hai taba vaha ajJAna kI prathama zakti nivRtta hotI hai jisakA ki kArya thA prapaJca meM pAramArthikatva buddhi karanA / prathama zakti ke nivRtta hote hI usakI dUsarI zakti apanA kArya karatI hai| vaha kArya hai prapaJca meM vyAvahArikatva kI pratIti / jisane zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana siddha kiyA ho vaha prapaJca meM pAramArthikatva kamI jAna nahIM sakatA para dUsarI zakti dvArA use prapaJca meM vyAvahArikatva kI pratIti avazya hotI hai| brahmasAkSAtkAra se dUsarI zakti kA nAza hote hI tajanya vyAvahArika pratIti kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| jo brahmasAkSAtkAravAn ho vaha prapaJca ko vyAvahArika rUpa se nahIM jAnatA para tIsarI zakti ke zeSa rahane se usake bala se vaha prapaJca ko prAtibhAsika, rUpa se pratIta karatA hai / vaha tIsarI zakti tathA usakA prAtibhAsika pratItirUpa kArya ye aMtima bodha ke sAtha nivRtta hote haiM aura tabhI bandha-mokSa kI prakriyA bhI samApta hotI hai| upAdhyAyajI ne uparyukta vedAnta prakriyA kA balapUrvaka khaNDana kiyA hai| kyoMki agara ve usa prakriyA kA khaNDana na kareM to isakA phalitArtha yaha hotA hai ki vedAMta ke kathanAnusAra jaina darzana bhI prathamazaktiyukta ajJAna kA hI

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zruti smRti kI jainAnukUla vyAkhyA 436. vilAsa hai. ataeva asatya hai / upAdhyAyajI mauke-mauke para jaina darzana ko yathArthatA hI sAbita karanA cAhate haiM / ataeva unhoMne pUrvAcArya haribhadra kI prasiddha ukti, [ jJAnabindu pR0 1.26 ] jisameM pRthvI zrAdi bAhya tattvoM kI tathA rAgAdidoSarUpa Antarika vastunoM kI vAstavikatA kA citraNa hai, usakA havAlA dekara vedAnta kI uparyukta jJAnazakti prakriyA kA khaNDana kiyA hai / isa jagaha vedAMta kI uparyukta jJAnagata vividha zakti kI trividha sRSTi vAlI prakriyA ke sAtha jainadarzana kI trividha zrAtmabhAva vAlI prakriyA kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra bahirAtmA, jo mithyAdRSTi hone ke kAraNa tIvratama kaSAya aura tIvratama jJAna ke udaya se yukta hai ataeva jo anAtmA ko AtmA mAnakara sirpha usI meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha vedAMtAnusArI zrAdyazaktiyukta zrajJAna ke bala se prapaJca meM pAramArthikatva kI pratIti karanevAle ke sthAna meM hai / jisa ko jaina darzana aMtarAtmA arthAt anya vastuoM ke ahaMtva - mamatva kI ora se udAsIna hokara uttarottara zuddha AtmasvarUpa meM lIna hone kI ora bar3hanevAlA kahatA hai, vaha vedAntAnusArI ajJAnagata dUsarI zakti ke dvArA vyAvahArika sattvapratIti karanevAle vyakti ke sthAna meM hai / kyoMki jainadarzana saMmata aMtarAmA usI taraha zrAtmaviSayaka zravaNa-manana nididhyAsana vAlA hotA hai, jisa taraha vedAnta saMmata vyAvahArikasattvapratIti vAlA brahma ke zravaNa-manana nididhyAsana meM / jainadarzanasaMmata paramAtmA jo terahaveM guNasthAna meM vartamAna hone ke kAraNa dravya manoyoga vAlA hai vaha vedAntasaMmata ajJAnagata tRtIyazaktijanya pratibhAsikasattva-. pratIti vAle vyakti ke sthAna meM hai / kyoMki vaha ajJAna se sarvathA mukta hone para bhI dagdharajjukalpa bhavopaya hikarma ke saMbaMdha se vacana Adi meM pravRtti karatA hai / jaisA ki prAtibhAsika sattvapratIti vAlA vyakti brahmasAkSAtkAra hone para bhI prapaJca kA pratibhAsa mAtra karatA hai| jaina darzana, jisako zailezI avasthAprApta AtmA yA mukta AtmA kahatA hai vaha vedAnta saMmata ajJAnajanya trividha sRSTi se para aMtimabodha vAle vyakti ke sthAna meM hai / kyoMki use na mana, vacana, kArya kA koI vikalpaprasaMga nahIM rahatA, jaisA ki vedAntasaMmata aMtima brahmabodha vAle ko prapaJca meM kisI bhI prakAra kI sattvapratIti nahIM rahatI / (7) zruti aura smRtiyoM kA jainamatAnukUla vyAkhyAna [] vedAntaprakriyA kI samAlocanA karate samaya upAdhyAyajI ne vedAntasaMmata vAkyoM meM se hI jainasaMmata prakriyA phalita karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai /

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4. jaina dharma aura darzana unhoMne aise aneka zruti-smRti gata vAkya uddhRta kiye haiM jo brahmajJAna, evaM usake dvArA ajJAna ke nAza kA, tathA anta meM brahmabhAva prApti kA varNana karate haiN| unhIM vAkyoM meM se jainaprakriyA phalita karate hue upAdhyAyajI kahate haiM ki ye sabhI zruti-smRtiyA~ jainasaMmata karma ke vyavadhAyakatva kA tathA kSINakarmatvarUpa jainasaMmata brahmabhAva kA hI varNana karatI haiN| bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI yaha paripATI raho hai ki pahale apane pakSa ke sayuktika samarthana ke dvArA prativAdI ke pakSa kA nirAsa karanA aura anta meM sambhava ho to prativAdI ke mAnya zAstravAkyoM meM se hI apane pakSa ko phalita karake batalAnA / upAdhyAyajI ne bhI yahI kiyA hai / (E) kucha jJAtavya jainamantavyoM kA kathana brahmajJAna kI prakriyA meM AnevAle jude-jude muddoM kA nirAsa karate samaya upAdhyAyajI ne usa-usa sthAna meM kucha jainadarzanasaMmata muddoM kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / kahIM to vaha spaSTIkaraNa unhoMne siddhasena kI sanmatigata gAthAoM ke AdhAra se kiyA hai aura kahIM yukti aura jainazAstrAbhyAsa ke bala se | jaina prakriyA ke abhyAsiyoM ke lie aise kucha mantavyoM kA nirdeza yahA~ kara denA jarUrI hai| (1) jaina dRSTi se nirvikalpaka bodha kA artha / (2 brahma kI taraha brahmabhinna meM bhI nirvikalpaka bodha kA saMbhava / (3) nirvikalpaka aura savikalpaka bodha kA anekAnta | (4) nivikalpaka bodha bhI zAbda nahIM hai kintu mAnasika hai-aisA samarthana / (5) nirvikalpaka bodha bhI avagraha rUpa nahIM kintu apAya rUpa hai-aisA prati pAdana (1) [60 ] vedAntaprakriyA kahatI hai ki jaba brahmaviSayaka nirvikalpa bodha hotA hai taba vaha brahma mAtra ke astitva ko tathA bhinna jagat ke abhAva ko sUcita karatA hai / sAtha hI vedAntaprakriyA yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki aisA nirvikalpaka bodha sirpha brahmaviSayaka hI hotA hai anya kisI viSaya meM nhiiN| usakA yaha bhI mata hai ki nirvikalpaka bodha ho jAne para phira kabhI savikalpaka bodha utpanna hI nahIM hotaa| ina tInoM mantavyoM ke viruddha upAdhyAyajI jaina mantavya batalAte hue kahate haiM ki nirvikalpaka bodha kA artha hai zuddha dravya kA upayoga, jisameM kisI bhI paryAya ke vicAra kI chAyA taka na ho| arthAt jo zAna samasta paryAyoM ke saMbaMdha kA asaMbhava vicAra kara kevala dravya ko hI viSaya karatA hai, nahIM ki cintyamAna dravya se bhinna jagat ke abhASa ko bhii| vahI

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nirvikalpa bodha 441 jJAna nirvikalpaka bodha hai; isako jaina paribhASA meM zuddhadravyanayAdeza bhI kahA jAtA hai| (2) aisA nirvikalpaka brodha kA artha batalA kara unhoMne yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki nirvikalpaka bodha jaise cetana dravya meM pravRtta ho sakatA hai vaise hI ghaTAdi jar3a dravya meM bhI pravRtta ho sakatA hai| yaha niyama nahIM ki vaha cetanadravyaviSayaka hI ho / vicAraka, jisa-jisa jar3a yA cetana dravya meM paryAyoM ke saMbaMdha kA asaMbhava vicAra kara kevala dravya svarUpa kA hI grahaNa karegA, usa-usa jar3a cetana sabhI dravya meM nirvikalpaka bodha ho skegaa| (3) [62 ] upAdhyAyajI ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki jJAnasvarUpa AtmA kA svabhAva hI aisA hai ki jo eka mAtra nirvikalpaka jJAnasvarUpa nahIM rahatA / vaha jaba zuddha dravya kA vicAra chor3akara paryAyoM kI ora jhukatA hai taba vaha nirvikalpaka jJAna ke bAda bhI paryAyasApekSa savikalpaka jJAna bhI karatA hai| ataeva yaha mAnanA ThIka nahIM ki nirvikalpaka bodha ke bAda savikalpaka bodha kA saMbhava hI nhiiN| (4) vedAnta darzana kahatA hai ki brahma kA nirvikalpaka bodha 'tattvamasi' ityAdi zabdajanya hI haiM / isake viruddha upAdhyAyajI kahate haiM [pR0 30, paM0 24 ] ki aisA nirvikalpaka bodha paryAyavinimuktavicArasahakRta mana se hI utpanna hone ke kAraNa manojanya mAnanA cAhie, nahIM ki zabdajanya / unhoMne apane abhimata manojanyatva kA sthApana karane ke pakSa meM kucha anukUla zrutiyoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai [64,65] / (5) [63 ] sAmAnya rUpa se jainaprakriyA meM prasiddhi aisI hai ki nirvikalpaka bodha to avagraha kA nAmAntara hai / aisI dazA meM yaha prazna hotA hai ki taba upAdhyAyajI ne nirvikalpaka bodha ko mAnasika kaise kahA ? kyoMki avagraha vicAra sahakRtamanojanya nahIM hai; jaba ki zuddha-dravyopayogarUpa nirvikalpaka bodha vicAra sahakRtamanojanya hai| isakA uttara unhoMne yaha diyA hai ki jisa vicArasahakRtamanojanya zuddhadravyopayoga ko hamane nirvikalpaka kahA hai vaha IhAtmakavicArajanya apAyarUpa hai aura nAma-jAtyAdikalpanA se rahita bhI hai|' ina saba jainAbhimata mantavyoM kA spaSTIkaraNa karake anta meM unhoMne yahI sUcita kiyA hai ki sArI vedAntaprakriyA eka taraha se jainasaMmata zuddhadravyanayAdeza kI hI vicArasaraNi hai| phira bhI vedAntavAkyajanya brahmamAtra kA 1 dekho, jJAna bindu TippaNa, pR0 114. paM0 25 se !

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442 jaina dharma aura darzana sAkSAtkAra hI kevalajJAna hai aisA vedAntamantavya to kisI taraha bhI jainasaMmata ho nahIM sktaa| (E) kevalajJAna-darzanopayoga ke bhedAbheda kI carcA [ 102 ] kevalajJAna kI carcA kA aMta karate hue upAdhyAyajI ne jJAna bindu meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke saMbaMdha meM tIna pakSabhedoM arthAt vipatiprattiyoM ko navya nyAya kI paribhASA meM upasthita kiyA hai, jo ki jaina paraMparA meM prAcIna samaya se pracalita rahe haiM / ve tIna pakSa isa prakAra haiM (1) kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana donoM upayoga bhinna haiM aura ve eka sAtha utpanna na hokara kramazaH arthAt eka-eka samaya ke aMtara se utpanna hote rahate haiN| (2) ukta donoM upayoga bhinna to haiM para unakI utpatti kramika na hokara yugapat arthAt eka hI sAtha hotI rahatI hai| (3) ukta donoM upayoga vastutaH bhinna nahIM haiN| upayoga to eka hI hai para usake apekSAvizeSakRta kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana aise do nAma haiN| ataeva nAma ke sivAya upayoga meM koI bheda jaisI vastu nahIM hai| ukta tIna pakSoM para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karanA jarUrI hai| vAcaka umAsvAti, jo vikrama kI tIsarI se pA~cavI zatAbdI ke bIca kabhI hue jAna par3ate haiM, unake pUrvavartI upalabdha jaina vAGmaya ko dekhane se jAna par3atA hai ki usameM sirpha eka hI pakSa rahA hai aura vaha kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke kramavartitva kA | hama sabase pahale umAsvAti ke 'tattvArthabhASya' meM aisA ullekha ' pAte haiM jo spaSTarUpeNa yugapat pakSa kA hI bodha karA sakatA hai / yadyapi tattvArthabhASyagata ukta ullekha kI vyAkhyA karate hue vikramIya 8-6 vIM sadI ke vidvAn zve0 siddhasenagaNi ne use kramaparaka hI batalAyA hai aura sAtha hI apanI tattvArtha-bhASya vyAkhyA meM yugapat tathA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana bhI kiyA haiM; para isa para adhika UhApoha karane se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki siddhasena gaNi ke pahale kisI ne tattvArthabhASya kI vyAkhyA karate hue ukta ullekha ko yugapat paraka bhI 1 matijJAnAdiSu caturvA paryAyeNopayogo bhavati, na yugapat / saMbhinnajJAnadarzanasya tu bhagavataH kevalino yugapat sarvabhAvagrAhake nirapekSe kevalajJAne kevaladarzane cAnusamayamupayogo bhavati |-tttvaarthbhaa0 1.31 / 2 dekho, tattvArthabhASyaTIkA, pR0 111-112 /

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kevala jJAna aura darzana 443 batalAyA hogA / agara hamArA yaha anumAna ThIka hai to aisA mAnakara calanA cAhie ki kisI ne tatvArthabhASya ke ukta ullekha kI yugapat paraka bhI vyAkhyA kI thI, jo Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / 'niyamasAra' grantha jo digambara prAcArya kundakunda kI kRti samajhA jAtA hai usameM spaSTa rUpa se eka mAtra yaugapadya pakSa kA (gA0 156) hI ullekha hai / pUjyapAda devanando ne bhI tattvArtha sUtra kI vyAkhyA 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM eka mAtra yugapat pakSa kA hI nirdeza kiyA hai / zrI kundakunda aura pUjyapAda donoM digambarIya paraMparA ke prAcIna vidvAn haiM aura donoM kI kRtiyoM meM eka mAtra yaugapadya pakSa kA spaSTa ullekha hai / pUjyapAda ke uttaravartI digambarAcArya samaMtabhadra ne bhI apanI 'AtamImAMsA 2 meM ekamAtra yogapadya pakSa kA ullekha kiyA hai / yahA~ para yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kundakuMda, pUjyapAda aura samaMtabhadraina tInhoM ne apanA abhimata yaugapadya pakSa batalAyA hai; para inameM se kisI ne yogapadyavirodhI kramika yA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai| isa taraha hameM zrI kundakunda se samaMtabhadra taka ke kisI bhI digambarAcArya kI koI aisI kRti abhI. upalabdha nahIM hai jisameM kramika yA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana ho / aisA khaNDana hama sabase pahale akalaMka ko kRtiyoM meM pAte haiN| bhaTTa akalaMka ne samaMtabhadrIya zrAsamImAMsA kI 'aSTazatI vyAkhyA meM yogapadya pakSa kA sthApana karate hue kramika pakSa kA, saMkSepa meM para spaSTa rUpa meM khaNDana kiyA hai aura apane 'rAjavArtika'4 bhASya meM to krama pakSa mAnanevAloM ko sarvazanindaka kahakara usa pakSa kI agrAhyatA kI ora saMketa kiyA hai / tathA usI rAjavArtika meM dUsarI jagaha (6. 10. 14-16) unhoMne abheda pakSa kI agrAhyatA ko ora bhI spaSTa izArA kiyA hai / akalaMka ne abheda pakSa ke samarthaka sidsena divAkara ke sanmatitarka nAmaka graMtha meM pAI jAnevAlI divAkara kI abhedaviSayaka navIna vyAkhyA ( sanmati 2. 25) kA zabdazaH ullekha karake usakA javAba isa taraha diyA hai ki jisase apane .-...- ..-- - . . 5 sAkAraM jJAnamanAkAraM darzanamiti / tat chadmastheSu krameNa vartate / nirAvaraNeSu yugapat |'-srvaath0, 1.6 / 2 'tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanayasaMskRtam ||'-aaptmii0, kA0 101 / 3 tajjJAnadarzanayoH kramavRttau hi sarvajJatvaM kAdAcitkaM syAt / kutastatsiddhi. riti cet sAmAnyavizeSa viSayayogitAvaraNayorayugapat pratibhAsAyogAt pratibandhakAntayabhAvAt'-aSTazatI-aSTasahastrI, pR0 281 / 4 rAjavArtika, 6. 13.8 /

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jaina dharma aura darzana abhimata yugapat pakSa para koI doSa na Ave aura usakA samarthana bhI ho / isa taraha hama samUce digambara vAGmaya ko lekara jaba dekhate haiM taba niSkarSa yahI nikalatA. hai ki digambara paraMparA ekamAtra yaugapadya pakSa ko hI mAnatI AI hai aura usameM akalaMka ke pahale kisI ne kramika yA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai kevala apane pakSa kA nirdeza mAtra kiyA hai| aba hama zvetAmbarIya vAGmaya kI ora dRSTipAta kareM / hama Upara kaha cuke haiM ki tattvArthabhASya ke pUrvavartI upalabdha Agamika sAhitya meM se to sIdhe taura se kevala kramapakSa hI phalita hotA hai| jabaki tattvArthabhASya ke ullekha se yugapat pakSa kA bodha hotA hai / umAsvAti aura jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa-donoM ke bIca kama se kama do sau varSoM kA antara hai / itane bar3e antara meM racA gayA koI aisA zvetAmbarIya graMtha abhI upalabdha nahIM hai jisameM ki yaugapadya tathA abheda pakSa kI carcA yA paraspara khaNDana-khaNDana ho / para hama jaba vikramIya sAtavIM sadI meM hue jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kI upalabdha do kRtiyoM ko dekhate haiM taba aisA avazya mAnanA par3atA hai ki unake pahale zvetAmbara paraMparA meM yaugapadya pakSa kI tathA abheda pakSa kI, kevala sthApanA hI nahIM huI thI balki ukta tInoM pakSoM kA paraspara khaNDana-maNDana vAlA sAhitya bhI paryApta mAtrA meM bana cukA thA / jinabhara gaNi ne apane ati vistRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (gA0 3060 se) meM kramika pakSa kA AgamikoM kI ora se jo vistRta satarka sthApana kiyA hai usameM unhoMne yaugapadya tathA abheda pakSa kA AgamAnusaraNa karake vistRta khaNDana bhI kiyA hai / taduparAnta unhoMne apane choTe se vizeSaNavatI' nAmaka graMtha (gA0 184 se) meM to, vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI apekSA bhI atyanta vistAra se apane abhimata 1 niyukti meM 'savvassa kevalissa vi ( pAThAntara 'ssA') jugavaM do nasthi uprAMgA'-gA. 676-yaha aMza pAyA jAtA hai jo spaSTarUpeNa kevalI meM mAne jAnevAle yogapadya pakSa kA hI prativAda karatA hai / hamane pahale eka jagaha yaha saMbhAvanA prakaTa kI hai ki niyukti kA amuka bhAga tattvArthabhASya ke bAda kA bhI saMbhava hai / agara vaha saMbhAvanA ThIka hai to niyukti kA ukta aMza jo yaugapadya pakSa kA prativAda karatA hai vaha bhI tattvArthabhASya ke yogapadmapratipAdaka mantavya kA virodha karatA ho aisI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai / kucha bhI ho, para itanA to spaSTa hai ki zrI jinabhadragaNi ke pahale yogapadya pakSakA khaNDana hameM eka mAtra niyukti ke ukta aza ke sivAya anyatra kahIM abhI upalabdha nahIM; aura niyukti meM abheda pakSa ke khaNDana kA to izArA bhI nahIM hai|

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kevala jJAna aura darzana 445 kramapakSa kA sthApana tathA anabhimata yaugapadya tathA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana kiyA hai / kSamAzramaNa kI ukta donoM kRtiyoM meM pAe jAnevAle khaNDana-maNDanagata pUrvapakSa-uttarapakSa kI racanA tathA usameM pAI jAne vAlI anukUla-pratikUlaM yuktiyoM kA dhyAna se nirIkSaNa karane para kisI ko yaha mAnane meM sandeha nahIM raha sakatA ki kSamAzramaNa ke pUrva lambe arse se zvetAmbara paraMparA meM ukta tInoM pakSoM ke mAnanevAle maujUda the aura ve apane-apane pakSa kA samarthana karate hue virodhI pakSa kA nirAsa bhI karate the| yaha krama kevala maukhika hI na calatA thA balki zAstrabaddha bhI hotA rahA / ve zAstra Aja bhale hI maujUda na hoM para kSamAzramaNa ke ukta donoM graMthoM meM unakA sAra dekhane ko Aja bhI milatA hai| isa para se hama isa natIje para pahu~cate haiM ki jinabhadra ke pahale bhI zvetAmbara paraMparA meM ukta tInoM pakSoM ko mAnanevAle tathA paraspara khaNDana-maNDana karanevAle AcArya hue haiN| jaba ki kama se kama jinabhadra ke samaya taka meM aisA koI digambara vidvAna nahIM huaA jAna par3atA ki jisane krama pakSa yA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana kiyA ho| aura digambara vidvAna kI aisI koI kRti to Aja taka bhI upalabdha nahIM hai jisameM yogapadya pakSa ke alAvA dUsare kisI bhI pakSa kA samarthana ho| ' jo kucha ho para yahA~ yaha prazna to paidA hotA hI hai ki prAcIna bhAgamoM ke pATha sIdhe taura se jaba krama pakSa kA hI samarthana karate haiM taba jaina paraMparA meM yogapadya pakSa aura abheda pakSa kA vicAra kyoM kara dAkhila huaa| isakA jabAba hameM do taraha se sUjhatA hai| eka to yaha ki jaba asarvajJavAdI mImAMsaka ne sabhI sarvajJavAdiyoM ke sAmane yaha AkSepa kiyA ki tumhAre sarvajJa agara krama se saba padArthoM ko jAnate haiM to ve sarvajJa hI kaise ? aura agara eka sAtha sabhI padArthoM ko jAnate haiM to eka sAtha saba jAna lene ke bAda Age ve kyA jAneMge ? kucha bhI to phira ajJAta nahIM hai| aisI dazA meM bhI ve asarvajJa hI siddha hue| isa AkSepa kA javAba dUsare sarvajJavAdiyoM kI taraha jainoM ko bhI denA pAsa huaa| isI taraha bauddha Adi sarvajJavAdI bhI jainoM ke prati yaha AkSepa karate rahe hoMge ki tumhAre sarvajJa arhat to krama se jAnate dekhate haiM; ataeva ve pUrNa sarvajJa kaise ? isa AkSepa kA jabAba to eka mAtra jainoM ko hI denA prApta thaa| isa taraha upayukta tathA anya aise AkSepoM kA javAba dene kI vicAraNA meM se sarva prathama yaugapadya pakSa, krama pakSa ke viruddha jaina paraMparA meM praviSTa huA / dUsarA yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jaina paraMparA ke tarkazIla vicArakoM ko apane Apa hI krama pakSa meM truTi dikhAI dI aura usa truTi kI pUrti ke vicAra meM se unheM yogapadya pakSa sarva 1 dekho, tattvasaMgraha kA0 3248 se /

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.446 .. jaina dharma aura darzana prathama sUjha pdd'aa| jo jaina vidvAn yogapadya pakSa ko mAna kara usakA samarthana karate the unake sAmane krama pakSa mAnanevAloM kA bar3A Agamika dala rahA jo bhAgama ke aneka vAkyoM ko lekara yaha batalAte the ki yogapadya pakSa kA kabhI jaina Agama ke dvArA samarthana kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| yadyapi zurU meM yogapadya pakSa tarkabala ke AdhAra para hI pratiSThita huA jAna par3atA hai, para sampradAya kI sthiti aisI rahI ki ve jaba taka apane yogapadya pakSa kA Agamika vAkyoM ke dvArA samarthana na kareM aura Agamika vAkyoM se hI krama pakSa mAnanevAloM ko javAba na deM, taba taka unake yogapadya pakSa kA saMpradAya meM Adara honA saMbhava na thaa| aisI sthiti dekha kara yogapadya pakSa ke samarthaka tArkika vidvAna bhI zrAgamika vAkyoM kA aAdhAra apane pakSa ke lie lene lage tathA apanI dalIloM ko Agamika vAkyoM meM se phalita karane lge| isa taraha zvetAmbara paraMparA meM krama pakSa tathA yogapadya pakSa kA aAgamAzrita khaNDana-maNDana calatA hI thA ki bIca meM kisI ko abheda pakSa kI suujhii| aisI sUjha vAlA tArkika yogapadya pakSa vAloM ko yaha kahane lagA ki agara krama pakSa meM truTi hai to tuma yaugapadya pakSa vAle bhI usa truTi se baca nahIM skte| aisA kahakara usane yaugapadya pakSa meM bhI asarvajJatva Adi doSa dikhAe aura apane abheda pakSa kA samarthana zurU kiyaa| isameM to saMdeha hI nahIM ki eka bAra krama pakSa chor3akara jo yogapadya pakSa mAnatA hai vaha agara sIdhe takabala kA zrAzraya le to use abheda pakSa para anivArya rUpa se aAnA hI par3atA hai| abheda pakSa kI sUjha vAle ne sIdhe tarkabala se abheda pakSa ko upasthita karake krama pakSa tathA yaugapadya pakSa kA nirAsa to kiyA para zurU meM sAMpradAyika loga usakI bAta Agamika vAkyoM ke sulajhAva ke sivAya svIkAra kaise karate ? isa kaThinAI ko haTAne ke lie abhed pakSa vAloM ne Agamika paribhASAoM kA nayA artha bhI karanA zurU kiyA aura unhoMne apane abheda pakSa ko tarkabala se upapanna karake bhI aMta meM Agamika paribhASAoM ke DhA~ce meM biThA diyA / krama, yogapadya aura abheda pakSa ke upayukta vikAsa kI prakriyA kama se kama 150 varSa takazvetAmbara paraMparA meM eka-sI calatI rahI aura pratyeka pakSa ke samarthaka dhuraMdhara vidvAna hote rahe aura ve grantha bhI racate rhe| cAhe kramavAda ke viruddha jainetara paraMparA kI ora se AkSepa hue hoM yA cAhe jaina paraMparA ke aAMtarika cintana meM se hI AkSepa hone lage hoM, para isakA pariNAma aMta meM kramazaH yaugapadya pakSa tathA abheda pakSa kI sthApanA meM hI AyA, jisakI vyavasthita carcA jinabhadra kI upalabdha vizeSaNavatI aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya nAmaka donoM kRtiyoM meM hameM dekhane ko lilatI haiN|

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" kevala jJAna aura darzana 447 [ 102 ] upAdhyAyajI ne jo tIna vipratipattiyA~ dikhAI haiM unakA aitihAsika vikAsa hama Upara dikhA cuke / aba ukta vipratipattiyoM ke puraskartA rUpa se upAdhyAyajI ke dvArA prastuta kie gaye tIna AcAryoM ke bAre meM kucha vicAra karanA jarUrI hai / upAdhyAyajI ne krama pakSa ke puraskartArUipa se jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ko, yugapat pakSa ke puraskartArUpa se mallavAdI ko aura abheda pakSa ke puraskartA rUpa se siddhasena divAkara ko nirdiSTa kiyA hai| sAtha hI unhoMne malayagiri ke kathana ke sAtha AnevAlI asaMgati kA tArkika dRSTi se parihAra bhI kiyA hai / asaMgati yoM AtI hai ki jaba upAdhyAyajI siddhasena divAkara ko bheda pakSa kA puraskartA batalAte haiM taba zrImalayAgiri siddhasena divAkara ko yugapat pakSa kA purukartA batalAte haiM / upAdhyAyajI ne asaMgati kA parihAra yaha kahakara kiyA hai ki zrI malayagiri kA kathana abhyupagama vAda kI dRSTi se hai arthAt siddhasena divAkara vastutaH prabheda pakSa ke puraskartA haiM para thor3I dera ke lie krama pakSa kA khaNDana karane ke lie zurU meM yugapat pakSa kA zrAzraya kara lete haiM aura phira anta meM apanA abheda pakSa sthApita karate haiM / upAdhyAyajI ne asaMgati kA parihAra kisI bhI taraha kyoM na kiyA ho paraMtu hameM to yahA~ tInoM vipratipattiyoM ke pakSakAroM ko darzAnevAle sabhI ullekhoM para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra karanA hai / I hama yaha Upara batalA cuke haiM ki krama, yugapat aura abheda ina tInoM vAdoM kI carcA vAle sabase purAne do anya isa samaya hamAre sAmane haiM / ye donoM jinabhadramaNi kSamAzramaNa kI hI kRti haiM / unameM se, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM to carcA karate samaya jinabhadra ne pakSakArarUpa se na to kisI kA vizeSa nAma diyA hai aura na 'kecit' 'anye' Adi jaise zabda hI nirdiSTa kiye haiM / paraMtu vizeSaNavatI meM tInoM vAdoM kI carcA zurU karane ke pahale jinabhadra ne 'kecit' zabda se yugapat pakSa prathama rakhA hai, isake bAda 'anye' aMta meM 'anya' kahakara prabheda pakSa kA nirdeza kahakara krama pakSa rakhA hai aura kiyA hai / vizeSaNavatI kI 1 dekho, naMdI TIkA pR0 134 / 2 'keI bhAMti jugavaM jANai pAsai ya kevalI niyamA / aNe egaMtariyaM icchaMti suzravase || 184 // araNe raNa caiva vIsuM daMsaNamicchati jigravariMdassa / jaM ciya kevalaraNANaM taM ciya se darisaNaM biMti || 1885 / / - vizeSaNavatI / --

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YY5 jaina dharma aura darzana unakI svopajJa vyAkhyA nahIM hai isase hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki jinabhadra ko 'kecit' aura 'anye zabda se usa-usa vAda ke puraskartA rUpa se kauna-kauna prAcArya abhipreta the / yadyapi vizeSaNavatI kI svopaza vyAkhyA nahIM hai phira bhI usameM pAI jAnevAlI prastuta tIna vAda saMbaMdhI kucha gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA sabase pahale hameM vikramIya AThavIM sadI ke AcArya jinadAsa gaNi kI 'nandIcarNi meM milatI hai| usameM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki jinadAsa gaNi 'kecit' aura 'anye' zabda se kisI zrAcArya vizeSa kA nAma sUcita nahIM krte| ve sirpha itanA hI kahate haiM ki kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana upayoga ke bAre meM AcAryoM kI vipratipattiyA~ haiM / jinadAsa gaNi ke thor3e hI samaya bAda zrAcArya haribhadra ne usI nandI cUrNi ke AdhAra se 'nandIvRkti likhI hai| unhoMne bhI apanI isa nandI vRtti meM vizeSaNavatIgata prastuta carcAvAlI kucha gAthAoM ko lekara unakI vyAkhyA kI hai| jinadAsa gaNi ne jaba 'kecit 'anye' zabda se kisI vizeSa AcArya kA nAma sUcita nahIM kiyA taba haribhadrasari ne' vizeSaNavatI kI unhIM gAthAoM meM pAe jAnevAle 'kecit' 'anye' zabda se vizeSa-vizeSa AcAryoM kA nAma bhI sUcita kiyA hai / unhoMne prathama 'kecit' zabda se yugapadvAda ke puraskartA rUpa se prAcArya siddhasena kA nAma sacita kiyA hai| isake bAda 'anye zabda se jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ko kramavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se sUcita kiyA hai aura dUsare 'anye' zabda se vRddhAcArya ko abhedavAda kA puraskartA batalAyA hai| haribhadrasari ke bAda bArahavIM sadI ke malayagirisUri ne bhI nandIsUtra ke Upara TIkA likhI hai / usa ( pR0 134 ) meM unhoMne vAdoM ke puraskartA ke nAma ke bAre meM haribhadrasUri ke kathana kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai| yahA~ smaraNa rakhane kI bAta yaha hai ki vizeSAvazyaka kI upalabdha donoM TIkAtroM meM - jinameM se pahalI AThavI-navIM sadI ke koTyAcArya kI hai aura dUsarI bArahavIM sadI ke maladhArI hemandra kI hai-tInoM 1 "kecana' siddha senAcAryAdayaH 'bhnnNti'| kiM 1 / 'yugapad' ekasmin kAle jAnAti pazyati ca / kaH ? / kevalI, na tvnyH| 'niyamAt' niyamena // 'anye' jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNaprabhRtayaH / 'ekAntaritam' jAnAti pazyati ca ityevaM 'icchanti' / 'zrutopadezena' yathAzrutAgamAnusAreNa ityarthaH / 'anye' tu vRddhAcAryAH 'na caiva viSvak pRthak tad 'darzanamicchanti' / 'jinavarendrasya' kevalina ityarthaH / kiM tarhi 1 / 'yadeva kevalajJAnaM tadeva' se' tasya kevalino 'darzana' bravate ||"-jndiivRtti hAribhadrI, pR0 52 /

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26 kevala jJAna- darzanopayoga 447. vAdoM ke puraskartA rUpa se kisI AcArya vizeSa kA nAma nirdiSTa nahIM hai? | kama se kama koTyAcArya ke sAmane to vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI jinabhadrIya svopajJa: vyAkhyA maujUda thI hii| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki usameM bhI tInoM bAdoM? ke puraskartA rUpa se kisI vizeSa AcArya kA nAma rahA na hogA; anyathA koTyAcArya usa jinabhadrIya svopajJa vyAkhyA meM se vizeSa nAma apanI vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRtti meM jarUra lete| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki jinabhadra kI ekamAtra vizeSaNavatI gata gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya sabase pahale zrAcArya haribhadra hI tInoM vAdoM ke puraskartAtroM kA vizeSa nAmollekha karate haiM / dUsarI tarapha se hamAre sAmane prastuta tInoM vAdoM kI carcAvAlA 'dUsarA grantha 'sammatitarka' hai jo nirvivAda siddhasena divAkara kI kRti hai / usameM divAkarazrI nekramavAda kA pUrvapakSa rUpa se ullekha karate sayaya 'kecit ' itanA hI kahA hai / kisI vizeSa nAma kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| yugapat aura abhedavAda ko rakhate samaya to unhoMne 'kecit' 'zranye' jaise zabda kA prayoga bhI nahIM kiyA hai / para hama jaba vikramIya gyArahavIM sadI ke AcArya abhayadeva kI 'sanmatiTIkA' ko dekhate haiM tatra tInoM vAdoM ke puraskartAoM ke nAma usameM spaSTa pAte haiM[pR0 608 ] | abhayadeva haribhadra kI taraha kramavAda kA puraskartA to jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa ko hI batalAte haiM para Age unakA kathana haribhadra ke kathana se judA par3atA hai / haribhadra jaba yugapavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se AcArya siddhasena kA nAma sUcita karate haiM taba bhayadeva usake puraskartA rUpa se prAcArya mallavAdI kA nAma sUcita karate haiM / haribhadra jaba bheda vAda ke puraskartA rUpa se vRddhAcArya kA nAma sUcita karate haiM taba bhayadeva usake puraskartA rUpa se AcArya siddhasena kA nAma sUcita karate haiM / isa taraha donoM ke kathana meM jo bheda yA virodha hai usa para vicAra karanA zravazyaka hai / Upara ke varNana se yaha to pAThakagaNa bhalI bhA~ti jAna sake hoMge ki haribhadra tathA abhayadeva ke kathana meM kramavAda ke puraskartA ke nAma ke saMbandha meM koI matabheda nhiiN| unakA matabheda yugapad vAda aura abheda vAda ke puraskartAoM ke 1 maladhArI ne abheda pakSa kA samarthaka 'evaM kalpitabhedamapratihatam' ityAdi padya stutikAra ke nAmase uddhRta kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki vaisA mAnanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai / isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki maladhArI ne stutikAra ko bhedavAdI mAnA hai / dekho, vizeSA0 gA0 3061 kI TIkA / usI padya ko koTyAcArya ne 'ukkaM ca' kaha karake uddhRta kiyA hai - pR0 877 /

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450 jaina dharma aura darzana nAma ke saMbandha meM hai / atra prazna yaha hai ki haribhadra aura abhayadeva donoM ke puraskartA saMbandhI nAmasUcaka kathana kA kyA AdhAra hai ? jahA~ taka hama jAna sake haiM vahA~ taka kaha sakate haiM ki ukta donoM sUri ke sAmane kramavAda kA samarthaka aura yugapat tathA abheda vAda kA pratipAdaka sAhitya ekamAtra jinabhadra kA hI thA, jisase ve donoM AcArya isa bAta meM ekamata hue ki kramavAda zrI jinabhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa kA hai / paraMtu zrAcArya haribhadra kA ullekha gara saba aMzoM meM abhrAnta hai to yaha mAnanA par3atA hai ki unake sAmane yugapadvAda kA samarthaka koI svataMtra grantha rahA hogA jo siddhasena divAkara se bhinna kisI anya siddhasena kA banAyA hogA / tathA unake sAmane abhedavAda kA samarthaka aisA bhI koI grantha rahA hogA jo sanmatitarka se bhinna hogA aura jo vRddhAcAryaracita mAnA jAtA hogA / agara aise koI graMtha unake sAmane na bhI rahe hoM tathApi kama se kama unheM aisI koI sAMpradAyika janazruti yA koI aisA ullekha milA hogA jisameM ki zrAcAryaM siddhasena ko yugapadvAda kA tathA vRddhAcArya ko bhedavAda kA puraskartA mAnA gayA ho / jo kucha ho para hama sahasA yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki haribhadra jaisA bahuzruta zrAcArya yoM hI kucha AdhAra ke sivAya yugapadvAda tathA bhedavAda ke puraskartAoM ke vizeSa nAma kA ullekha kara deM / samAna nAmavAle aneka AcArya hote Ae haiN| isalie asaMbhava nahIM ki siddhasena divAkara se bhinna koI dUsare bhI siddhasena hue hoM jo ki yugapadvAda ke samarthaka hue hoM yA mAne jAte hoM / yadyapi sanmatitarka meM siddhasena divAkara ne bheda pakSa kA hI sthApana kiyA hai ataeva isa viSaya meM sammatitarka ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki abhayadeva sUri kA bhedavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se siddhasena divAkara ke nAma kA kathana bilakula sahI hai aura haribhadra kA kathana vicAraNIya hai / para hama Upara kaha Ae haiM ki krama Adi tInoM vAdoM kI carcA bahuta pahale se zurU huI aura zatAbdiyoM taka calI tathA usameM aneka zrAcAryoM ne eka-eka pakSa lekara samaya- samaya para bhAga liyA / jaba aisI sthiti hai tatra yaha bhI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki siddhasena divAkara ke pahale vRddhAcArya nAma ke prAcArya bhI bheda vAda ke samarthaka hue hoMge yA paraMparA meM mAne jAte hoNge| siddhasena divAkara ke gurUrUpa se vRddhavAdI kA ullekha bhI kathAnakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| prAcarya nahIM ki vRddhAcArya hI vRddhavAdI hoM aura guru vRddhavAdI ke dvArA samarthita abheda vAda kA hI vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa tathA samarthana ziSya siddhasena divAkara ne kiyA ho / siddhasena divAkara ke pahale bhI abheda vAda ke samarthaka yaha bAta to siddhasena ne kisI abheda vAda ke samarthaka niHsaMdeha rUpa se hue haiM ekadezIya mata [ sanmati

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kevala jJAna darzanopayoga 459. 2. 21 ] kI jo samAlocanA kI hai usI se siddha hai / yaha to huI haribhadrIya kathana ke AdhAra kI bAta / hama zrabhayadeva ke kathana ke AdhAra para vicAra karate haiN| abhayadeva sUri ke sAmane jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kA kramavAdasamarthaka sAhitya rahA jo Aja bhI upalabdha hai / tathA unhoMne siddhasena divAkara ke sanmatitarka para to ativistRta TIkA hI likhI hai ki jisameM divAkara ne abhedavAda kA svayaM mArmika spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / isa taraha abhayadeva ke vAdoM ke puraskartAsaMbaMdhI nAma vAle kathana meM jo kramavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se jinabhadra kA tathA bhedavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se siddhasena divAkara kA ullekha hai vaha to sAdhAra hai hI; para yugapavAda ke puraskartA rUpa se mallavAdi ko darasAnevAlA jo abhayadeva kA kathana hai usakA AdhAra kyA hai ? yaha prazna avazya hotA hai / jaina paraMparA meM mallavAdI nAma ke kaI zrAcArya hue mAne jAte haiM para yugapad vAda ke puraskartA rUpa se abhayadeva ke dvArA nirdiSTa mallavAdI vahI vAdimukhya saMbhava haiM jinakA racA 'dvAdazAranayacakra' hai aura jinhoMne divAkara ke sanmatitarka para bhI TIkA likhI thI jo ki upalabdha nahIM hai / yadyapi dvAdazAranayacakra akhaMDa rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hai para vaha siMhagaNI kSamAzramaNa kRta TIkA ke sAtha khaMDita pratIka rUpa meM upalabdha hai / abhI hamane usa sAre saTIka nayacakra kA avalokana karake dekhA to usameM kahIM bhI kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke saMbaMdha meM pracalita uparyukta vAdoM para thor3I bhI carcA nahIM milI / yadyapi sanmatitarka kI mallavAdikRta TIkA upalabdha nahIM hai para jaba mallavAdi abheda samarthaka divAkara ke grantha para TIkA likheM taba yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki unhoMne divAkara ke grantha kI vyAkhyA likhate samaya usI meM unake viruddha apanA yugapat pakSa kisI taraha sthApita kiyA ho| isa taraha jaba hama socate haiM taba yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki abhayadeva ke yugapad vAda ke puraskartA rUpa se mallavAdi ke ullekha kA AdhAra nayacakra yA unakI sanmatiTIkA meM se rahA hogA | agara abhayadeva kA ukta ullekhAMza zrabhrAnta evaM sAdhAra hai to adhika se adhika hama yahI kalpanA kara sakate haiM ki mallavAdi kA koI anya yugapat pakSa samarthaka choTA bar3A grantha abhayadeva ke sAmane rahA hogA athavA aise mantavya vAlA koI ullekha unheM milA hogA / zrastu | jo kucha ho para isa samaya hamAre sAmane itanI vastu nizcita } 1 'uktaM ca vAdimukhyena zrImallavAdinA sanmatI' anekAntajayapatAkA TIkA, pR0 116 |

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42 jaina dharma aura darzana hai ki anya vAdoM kA khaNDana karake kramavAda kA samarthana karane vAlA tathA anya vAdoM kA khaNDana karake abhedavAda kA samarthana karane vAlA svataMtra sAhitya maujUda hai jo anukrama se jinabhadragaNi tathA siddhasena divAkara kA racA huA hai| anya vAdoM kA khaNDana karake ekamAtra yugapad vAda kA aMta meM sthApana karane vAlA koI svataMtra grantha agara hai to vaha zvetAmbarIya paraMparA meM nahIM para digambarIya paraMparA meM hai| (10) granthakAra kA tAtparya tathA unakI svopajJa vicAraNA upAdhyAyajI ke dvArA nirdiSTa vipratipattiyoM ke puraskartA ke bAre meM jo kucha kahanA thA use samApta karane ke bAda anta meM do bAteM kahanA hai / (1) ukta tIna vAdoM ke rahasya ko batalAne ke lie upAdhyAyajI ne jinabhadragaNi ke kisI graMtha ko lekara jJAnabindu meM usakI vyAkhyA kyoM nahIM kI aura divAkara ke sanmatitarkagata ukta vAda vAle bhAga ko lekara usakI vyAkhyA kyoM kI ? hameM isa pasaMdagI kA kAraNa yaha jAna par3atA hai ki upAdhyAyajI ko tInoM vAdoM ke rahasya ko apanI dRSTi se prakaTa karanA abhimata thA phira bhI unakI tArkika buddhi kA adhika jhukAva avazya abhedavAda kI ora rahA hai| jJAnabindu meM pahale bhI jahA~ mati-zruta aura avadhi-manaHparyAya ke abheda kA prazna zrAyA vahA~ unhoMne bar3I khUbI se divAkara ke abhedamata kA samarthana kiyA hai| yaha sUcita karatA hai ki upAdhyAyajI kA mukhya nijI tAtparya abheda pakSa kA hI hai / yahA~ yaha bhI dhyAna meM rahe ki sanmati ke jJAnakANDa kI gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA karate samaya upAdhyAyajI ne kaI jagaha pUrva vyAkhyAkAra abhayadeva ke vivaraNa kI samAlocanA kI hai aura usameM truTiyoM batalAkara usa jagaha khuda nae DhaMga se vyAkhyAna bhI kiyA hai| (2) [ 174 ] dUsarI bAta upAdhyAyajI kI viziSTa sUjha se saMbaMdha rakhatI hai, vaha yaha ki jJAnabindu' ke anta meM upAdhyAyajI ne prastuta tInoM vAdoM kA nayabheda kI apekSA se samanvaya kiyA hai jaisA ki unake pahale kisI ko sUjhA huA jAna nahIM par3atA / isa jagaha isa samanvaya ko batalAne vAle padyoM kA tathA isake bAda diye gae jJAnamahattvasUcaka padya kA sAra dene kA lobha hama saMvaraNa kara nahIM sakate / sabase anta meM upAdhyAyajI ne apanI prazasti dI hai jisameM khuda apanA tathA apanI guru paraMparA kA bahI paricaya hai jo unakI anya kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / sUcita padyoM kA sAra isa prakAra hai--- 1 dekho, jJAnabindu kI kaMDikAe~ 6 104,105,106,110,148,165 /

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upAdhyAyajI kA samanvaya .453 . 1-jo loga gatAnugatika buddhivAle hone ke kAraNa prAcIna zAstroM kA akSarazaH artha karate haiM aura nayA tarkasaMgata bhI artha karane meM yA usakA svIkAra karane meM hicakicAte haiM unako lakSya meM rakhakara upAdhyAyajI kahate haiM ki--zAstra ke purAne vAkyoM meM se yuktisaMgata nayA artha nikAlane meM ve hI loga Dara sakate haiM jo tarkazAstra se anabhijJa haiM / tarkazAstra ke jAnakAra to apanI prajJA se naenae artha prakAzita karane meM kabhI nahIM hicakicAte / isa bAta kA udAharaNa sanmati kA dUsarA kANDa hI hai| jisameM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana ke viSaya meM krama, yaugapadya tathA abheda pakSa kA khaNDana-maNDana karanevAlI carcA hai / jisa carcA meM purAne eka hI sUtrapAkyoM meM se hara eka pakSakAra ne apane apane abhipreta pakSa ko siddha karane ke lie tarka dvArA jude-jude artha phalita kiye haiN| 2-mallavAdI jo eka hI samaya meM jJAna-darzana do upayoga mAnate haiM unhoMne bhedasparzI vyavahAra naya kA Azraya liyA hai| arthAt mallavAdI kA yogapadya vAda vyavahAra naya ke abhiprAya se samajhanA cAhie / pUjya zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa jo krama vAda ke samarthaka haiM ve kAraNa aura phala kI sImA meM zuddha RjusUtra naya kA pratipAdana karate haiN| arthAt ve kAraNa aura phalarUpa se jJAna-darzana kA bheda to vyavahAranayasiddha mAnate hI haiM para usa bheda se Age bar3ha kara ve RjusUtra naya kI dRSTi se mAtra ekasamayAvacchinna vastu kA astitva mAna kara jJAna aura darzana ko bhinna-bhinna samayabhAvI kAryakAraNarUpa se kramavartI pratipAdita karate haiM / siddhasena sUri jo abheda pakSa ke samarthaka haiM unhoMne saMgraha naya kA Azraya kiyA hai jo ki kArya kAraNa yA anya viSayaka bhedoM ke uccheda meM hI pravaNa hai / isalie ye tInoM sUripakSa nayabheda kI apekSA se paraspara viruddha nahIM haiM / 3~-kevala paryAya utpanna hokara kabhI vicchinna nahIM hotaa| ataeva usa sAdi anaMta paryAya ke sAtha usakI upAdAnabhUta caitanyazakti kA abheda mAnakara hI caitanya ko zAstra meM sAdi-anaMta kahA hai| aura use jo kramavartI yA sAdimAnta kahA hai, so kevala paryAya ke bhinna-bhinna samayAvacchinna aMzoM ke sAtha caitanya kI abheda vivakSA se / jaba kevalaparyAya eka mAna liyA taba tadgata sUkSma bheda vivakSita nahIM hai / aura jaba kAlakRta sUkSma aMza vivakSita hai taba usa kevalaparyAya kI akhaNDatA gauNa hai| . 4---bhinna bhinna kSaNabhAvI ajJAna ke nAza aura jJAnoM kI utpatti ke bheda ke AdhAra para pracalita aise bhinna-bhinna nayAzrita aneka pakSa zAstra meM jaise sune jAte haiM vaise hI agara tInoM prAcAryoM ke pakSoM meM nayAzrita matabheda ho to kyA

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454 jaina dharma aura darzana Azcarya hai / eka hI viSaya meM jude-jude vicAroM ko samAna rUpa se pradhAnatA jo dUra kI vastu hai vaha kahA~ dRSTigocara hotI hai ? - isa jagaha upAdhyAyajI ne zAstraprasiddha una nayAzrita pakSabhedoM ko sUcanA kI hai jo ajJAnanAza aura jJAnotpatti kA samaya judA-judA mAnakara tathA eka mAnakara pracalita haiN| eka pakSa to yahI kahatA hai ki AvaraNa kA nAza aura jJAna kI utpatti ye donoM, haiM to judA para utpanna hote haiM eka hI samaya meN| jaba ki dUsarA pakSa kahatA hai ki donoM kI utpatti samayabheda se hotI hai| prathama ajJAnanAza aura pIche jJAnotpatti / tIsarA pakSa kahatA hai ki ajJAna kA nAza aura jJAna kI utpatti ye koI jude-jude bhAva nahIM haiM eka hI vastu ke bodhaka abhAvapradhAna aura bhAvapradhAna do bhinna zabda mAtra haiM / 5.--jisa jaina zAstra ne anekAnta ke bala se sattva aura asattva jaise paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA samanvaya kiyA hai aura jisane vizeSya ko kabhI vizeSaNa aura vizeSaNa ko kabhI vizeSya mAnane kA kAmacAra svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha jaina zAstra jJAna ke bAre meM pracalita tInoM pakSoM kI gauNa pradhAna-bhAva se vyavasthA kare to vaha saMgata hI hai| 6-svasamaya meM bhI jo anekAnta jJAna hai vaha pramANa aura naya ubhaya dvArA siddha hai| anekAnta meM usa-usa naya kA apane-apane viSaya meM aAgraha avazya rahatA hai para dUsare naya ke viSaya meM taTasthatA bhI rahatI hI hai| yahI anekAnta kI khUbI hai / aisA anekAnta kabhI sugurutroM kI paraMparA ko mithyA nahIM ThaharAtA / vizAla buddhi vAle vidvAn saddarzana usI ko kahate haiM jisameM sAmaJjasya ko sthAna ho| 7-khala puruSa hatabuddhi hone ke kAraNa nayoM kA rahasya to kucha bhI nahIM jAnate paraMtu ulTA ve vidvAnoM ke vibhinna pakSoM meM virodha batalAte haiM / ye khala sacamuca candra aura sUrya tathA prakRti aura vikRti kA vyatyaya karane vAle haiN| arthAt ve rAta ko dina tathA dina ko rAta evaM kAraNa ko kArya tathA kArya ko kAraNa kahane meM bhI nahIM hicakicAte / duHkha kI bAta hai ki ve khala bhI guNa kI khoja nahIM skte| 8--prastuta jJAnabindu grantha ke asAdhAraNa svAda ke sAmane kalpavRkSa kA phalasvAda kyA cIz2a hai tathA isa jJAnabindu ke AsvAda ke sAmane drAkSAsvAda, amRtavarSA, aura strIsaMpatti Adi ke AnaMda kI ramaNIyatA bhI kyA cIja hai ? I0 1640 [ jJAnabindu