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________________ jaiva vidyAoM meM jJAna kA siddhAnta-2 jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa DA0 ena0 ela0 jaina jaina kendra, rIvA (ma0pra0 ) jJAna prApti ko vidhi jaina zAstroM meM jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM 'jANadi' aura 'passadi' zabdoM kA prayoga AyA hai / TATiyA ne batAyA hai ki jJAna maMthana ke prAraMbhika kAla meM ina donoM kriyAoM meM vizeSa aMtara nahIM mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki ye prAyaH sama-sAmayika thiiN| bAda meM yaha anubhava huA ki iMdriyoM kI kriyAyeM manojanya jJAna se pUrvavartI hotI haiM / isaliye bhautika jagat ke jJAna ke liye 'passadi' yA iMdriyajanya kriyAyeM adhika mahatvapUrNa ho giiN| ina iMdriyoM ko darzana yA sparzana kI prAkRtika zakti niyata hotI hai, anaMta nahIM / zakti ko Adhunika yuga meM vibhinna prakAra ke upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se dasa lAkha gunA taka bar3hAyA jA sakatA | ina iMdriyoM se do prakAra se jJAna prApta kiyA jAtA hai : (1) svAdhigama vidhi aura ( 2 ) parAdhigama vidhi | prathama vidhi pramANa aura naya rUpa se padArthoM kA jJAna karAtI hai| parAdhigama vidhi zAstra, Agama yA paropadeza se jJAna karAtI hai / yaha zrutajJAna kA hI rUpa hai / vastutaH naya bhI vacanAtmaka zruta kA hI rUpa hai / yaha pramANa kA eka ghaTaka hai kyoMki pramANa vastu ko samagra aMzoM meM jAnatA hai / vibhinna nayoM ke AdhAra para prApta jJAna ko saMzleSita kara pramANa use samagratA detA hai / naya vidhi vastu ke lakSaNa, prakRti, avasthA Adi guNoM kA sApekSa nirUpaNa zabda, se karatI hai / yaha pramANa se bhinna hotI hai para usakA eka aMza hone ke kAraNa vaha pramANa svarUpa mAnI jAtI hai / kucha tArkika pramANa aura naya meM aMza aura aMzI ke AdhAra para abheda mAnate haiM para akalaMka aura vidyAnaMda -- donoM ne isakA khaMDana kiyA hai / jahA~ pramANa samyak anekAMta hai, vahIM naya samyak ekAMta hai / jahA~ pramANa sAmAnyavizeSAvabodhaka hotA hai, vahA~ naya vizeSAvabodhaka hotA haiM / jahA~ pramANa vidhi pratiSedhAtmaka rUpa se vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai, vahA~ naya use dharmasApekSa ke rUpa se grahaNa karatA / nirapekSatA naya kA dUSaNa hai, sApekSatA usakA bhUSaNa hai / anekAnta pramANa kA praharI usameM samagratA lAtA hai naya laukika svarUpa kA bodha artha aura upacAra | nayavAda vicAroM meM udAratA prerita karatA hai, pramANavAda karatA hai aura pramANa usake sarvAMgINa alaukika svarUpa kA avagama karAtA hai / svAdhigama vidhi ko prayoga vidhi bhI kaha sakate hai kyoMki isameM svayaM hI aneka prakAra ke vAhya aura antaraMga nimitta se darzana ( nirIkSaNa yA svAnubhUti) yA prayoga karane par3ate haiM / isake viparyAsa meM parAdhigama vidhi parakRta pragroga evaM niSkarSa ke AdhAra para hI pratiSThita rahatI hai / kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM, uparokta kisI bhI vidhi se jJAna kyoM na kiyA jAve, vaha vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata hI kiyA jAtA hai / umAsvAti ne ina koTiyoM kI gaNanA do rUpoM meM pradarzita kI hai-- chaha aura ATha ( sAraNI 1) / inheM anuyogadvAra yA adhigama dvAra kahA jAtA hai| donoM hI rUpoM meM paribhASika zabdAvalo kucha bhinna pratIta hotI hai| para unake arthoM meM punarukti pratIta hotI hai / isIliye pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki ye vibhinna rUpa jijJAsuoM kI yogyatA evaM 28
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________________ 218 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa abhiprAya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara batAye gaye haiM / inameM cAroM prakAra ko nikSepa vidhi evaM pramANa-naya-adhigama vidhi samAhita ho jAtI hai / prajJApanA aura jovAbhigama meM 22 zIrSakoM (vaktavyatAoM) kA ullekha hai| sAraNI 1 : anuyoga dvAra (1) prathama prarUpa (2) dvitIya prarUpa (3) vaijJAnika prarUpa sat nAma tayArI, prApti vidhi nirdeza sAdhana (utpAdaka kAraNa) vidhAna (vargIkaraNa) adhikaraNa sthiti svAmitva saMkhyA, alpabahutva kSetra, sparzana kAla, aMtara bhAva upayoga bhautika jagata ke mAna ke vividha rUpa aura matinAna sAmAnyataH laukika aura bhautika jagata ke jJAna ke liye pratyakSa (mati, laukika pratyakSa) aura parokSa (smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama yA zruta) jJAna kAma Ate haiN| isameM zruta parAdhigama ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai| ise hama jJAta jJAna kA abhilekha bhI kaha sakate haiM jo use surakSita rakhatA hai aura prasArita karatA hai / yaha jJAna pravAha kI gatizIlatA meM vizeSa yogadAna to nahIM karatA para usake abhivardhana meM preraka avazya hotA hai| yaha zrata mati-pUrvaka hotA hai aura yaha pUrva-zruta-pUrvaka bhI ho sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se to matijJAna mahatvapUrNa hai ho; sAtha hI, vaha isa daSTi se aura bhI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai ki isake binA smRti Adi parokSa jJAna bhI nahIM ho sakate / ina sabhI meM, kisI na ki matijJAna vIja rUpa meM hotA hai / ataH sAmAnya jana ke liye jJAna kA sarvaprathama sAdhana mati jJAna hI hai / matijJAna indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hotA hai| phalataH indriya jJAna kA mahatva svayaM siddha haiM / isIliye inake vipaya meM zAstroM meM paryAsa carcA AI hai| isake antargata isase hone vAle vastu-jJAna ke vividha prakAra aura jJAna prApti ke vividha caraNa aura unake sUkSma-sthUla bhedoM kA vivaraNa samAhita hai| phalataH matijJAna kaise hotA hai aura usa jJAna prApti meM kitane caraNa hote haiM-ina aura anya tathyoM kA parijJAna atyanta rocaka viSaya hai kyoMki vartamAna vaijJAnika jJAna kI prakriyA bhI matijJAna kA hI eka rUpa hai / ataH ina donoM kI tulanA aura bhI manoraMjaka siddha hogii| . zAstroM meM matijJAna ke 336, 384 yA 456 bheda, vibhinna vivakSAoM se, batAye gaye haiN| inameM ve caraNa bhI ta hai jo jJAna prApti ko prakriyA meM saMpanna hote haiN| inheM sAraNo 2 meM diyA gayA gayA hai| ina bhedoM se matijJAna ke sambandha meM prAyaH sabhI Avazyaka jAnakArI ho jAtI hai| ina bhedoM ko do pramakha koTiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA -(i) utpAdaka sAdhana aura (i) svruup| svarUpa kI daSTi se matijJAna ke 48 bheda hote haiM aura sAdhana ke AdhAra para 288, 336 yA 408 bheda hote haiN| matijJAna ke utpAdaka sAdhanoM meM pA~ca indriya aura mana haiN| inase vastu kA jJAna avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke cAra kramika caraNoM meM bAraha rUpoM meM hotA hai| isa prakAra 644412288 bheda to sAmAnya rUpa se ho jAte haiN| isake atirikta, avagraha ke do bheda haiM-vyaMjanAvagraha aura arthAvagraha / uparoka 288 bheda arthAvagraha kI dRSTi se haiN| yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vyaMjanAgraha cakSu aura mana ko chor3a cAra anya prApyakArI indriyoM se hI hotA hai, ataH isake 44 12 %D48 bheda pRthak se hue| aba matijJAna ke kula bheda 288+48%3D 336 ho jAte haiN| aba yadi arthAvagraha ke bho do bhedoM-upacarita aura nirupacarita-ko isa vargIkaraNa meM samAhita
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________________ jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 219 kiyA jAve, to isake bhI 6x12 = 72 bheda hoNge| isa prakAra sampUrNa bheda 336 + 72 %D408 ho jAte haiM / akara ne matijJAna ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke rUpa meM cAra bheda aura ginAye hai| ye svarUpagata bheda haiN| inake 4412%D48 prakAra hue| isa prakAra ke matijJAna ke kula 456 bheda ho jAte haiN| akalaMka ko chor3akara prAyaH bara aura zvetAmbara granthakAroM ne nirupacarita arthAvagraha ke 72 bheda tathA svarUpa viSayaka 48 bheda nahIM ginAye haiM aura Agamika paramparAnusAra 336 bhedoM ko hI varNita kiyA hai| saMdhavI ne batAyA hai ki AgamoM meM matijJAna ke bhedoM kA vivaraNa sthUla rUpa meM hI diyA gayA hai| vastutaH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki avyaktatA evaM durjeyatA ke kAraNa zAstroM meM nirupacarita arthAvagraha Adi ke bheda nahIM diye gaye haiN| lekina yaha spaSTa hai ki viSayoM kI vividhatA tathA jJAnotpAdI sAdhanoM kI agaNitatA ke AdhAra para matijJAna ke asaMkhya bheda kiye jA sakate haiN| sAraNI 2: matijJAna ke bheda-prabheda matikSAna utpAdaka sAdhana svarUpa sparzana rasanA ghrANa cakSu zrotra mana dravya kSetra kAla bhAva 1 avagraha avAya dhAraNA vyaMjanAvagraha (4) arthAvagraha (2) 12 bheda (bahu Adi) matimAna :mAna prApti ko prakriyA ke pAMca varaNa jaina zAstroM ke anusAra, kisI bhI vastu ke viSaya meM samucita jJAna prApta karane ke liye pAMca caraNa hote hai(i) darzana, (ii) avagraha, (ii) IhA, (iv) avAya, (v) dhAraNA / yaha spaSTa hai ki sAmAnya jJAna darzanapUrvaka hotA hai / ataH darzana jJAna prApti-prakriyA kA prathama caraNa hai / yaha pada Agamika aura dArzanaka yuga meM vibhinna rUpoM meM paribhASita huA hai| yadyapi dArzanika paribhASA ko sthUla kahA gayA hai, phira bhI yahI hamAre liye sarvAdhika upayogI hai| isake anusAra, indriya aura artha ke prathama samparka ke samaya jo nirAkAra, sAmAnya sattAvanAhI, "kucha hai' ke samAna avalokana hotA hai, use darzana kahate haiM / tatkAla janme bAlaka ke A~kha kholate hI hone vAle prathama aklokana ke samAna vastu-vizeSa kI agrAhI, sAmAnya vastumAtragrAhI prakriyA darzana hai| yaha prakriyA na saMzayAtmaka hai, na viparyayAtmaka hai aura na akiMcitakara hI hai| yaha mithyAjJAna nahIM hai, para yaha samyaga jJAna bhI nahIM hai| isameM vastu kI AkArAdi vizeSatAoM kA bodha nahIM hotA / ataH darzana meM jJAnAtmakatA nahIM hai, phira bhI ise jJAna kA bIja to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai / isI AdhAra para isameM jJAnAtmakatA upacArataH hI svIkRta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki akalaMka ke anusAra, darzana mImAMsakoM ke 'AlocanA jJAna' yA bauddhoM ke
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________________ paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa 'nirvikalpaka jJAna' ke samatulya hai / jinabhadra isa jJAna ko 'vyaMjanAvagraha' mAnate haiM, jabaki siddhasena ise arthAvagraha kA pUrvavartI mAnate haiM | isase spaSTa haiM ki cakSu mana ke atirikta cAroM indriyoM se hone vAlA vyaMjanAvagraha darzana kI koTi meM nahIM AtA / lekina siddhasena ke anusAra, darzana aura jJAna kI prakriyA sama-sAmayika hotI hai aura sAdhanabheda hone para bhI vyaMjanAvagraha aura darzana kI koTi samatulya hai / parantu darzanapUrvaka jJAna kI mAnyatA se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki aneka dArzanika siddhasena ke mata ko nahIM mAnate / ve darzana ko padArtha aura indriya ke samparka se pUrvavartI prakriyA mAnate haiM / yaha mata sahaja bodhagamya nahIM pratIta hotA / isase 'darzana' anupayogI siddha hotA | ataH ise 'arthAvagraha' kI pUrvaprakriyA mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata lagatA hai / indriya aura padArtha ke prathana samparka ke uparAnta kucha samayoM meM aneka bAra vastu darzana hotA hai, taba kiMcita mana ke yoga se vastu ke AkAra, rUpa Adi kucha vizeSatAoM kA jJAna hotA hai / isa sthiti meM darzana kI prakriyA 'avagraha' nAmaka dUsare caraNa kA rUpa le letI hai / isa prakAra padArtha viSayaka vikalpa buddhi avagraha kahalAtI hai / yaha caraNa uttaravartI caraNoM kA preraka hai aura jJAna ko pUrNa tathA viziSTa nizcayAtmaka rUpa dene meM sahAyaka hai / avagraha-grahIta jAti sAmAnya ke rUpa meM vikalpita padArthoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa jJAna prApta karane kI jijJAsA yA vicAraNA IhA nAmaka caraNa hai| sapheda rUpa ko dekhakara yaha bagulA hai yA pataMga-rUpa saMzaya hotA hai, rassI-sarpa saMzaya hotA hai| isake liye bAra-bAra darzana evaM avagraha kI prakriyA apanAI jAtI hai aura phira mAnasika vizleSaNa dvArA nizvayonmukhatA kI ora pravRtti hotI hai / yaha IhA pravRtti avagraha prakriyA kA kArya hai evaM jJAna prakriyA kA tIsarA caraNa hai / IhA meM kiye gaye bauddhika vizleSaNa se nirNayAtmaka niSkarSa para pahu~cane ke caraNa ko 'avAya' kahate haiM yaha cauthA caraNa hai / avAya prakriyA se nirNIta vastu ko kAlAntara meM smaraNa rakhane yA vismRta na karane kI yogyatA yA prakriyA ko 'dhAraNA' nAmaka pA~cavAM caraNa kahate / yaha smaraNAtmaka jJAna bAda meM akSarAtmaka zruta kA rUpa letA hai / atrAya ke samAna dhAraNA bhI mukhyataH mana yA buddhi vyApAra hai / ina pA~coM caraNoM kA saMkSepaNa sAraNI 3 meM diyA gayA hai| zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki yathArtha jJAna kI sthiti meM ye pA~coM sAraNI 3 : jJAna prApti ke pAMca caraNoM kA saMkSepaNa / avagraha vastu sAmAnya kA jJAna 220 1. svarUpa 2. prakRti 3. bheda 4. sAdhana 5. sthAyitva 6. kArya 7. udAharaNa darzana vastu sAmAnya kA darzana darzana rUpa cAra (cakSu, acakSu, avadhi, mana:paryaya) indriya artha kA prathama samparka asaMkhyAta samaya darzana kucha hai darzana + jJAna rUpa do ( artha, vyaMjana) vastu vizeSa kI pahicAna ke liye bauddhika vizleSaNa mano vyApAra indriya artha kA samparka + kicit mano vyApAra eka samaya, asaMkhyAta antarmuhUrta samaya darzana + jJAna rUpamAtra hai avagraha grahota para mano vyApAra vizleSaNAtmaka sapheda-kAle rUpa kA vizleSaNa avAya vizeSa kA vastu nirNaya mano-vyApara mano vyApAra antarmuhUrta nirNaya zveta rUpa hai| dhAraNA smaraNa kSamatA jJAna rUpa manaH saMskAra asaM 0 samaya vAsanA -
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________________ 4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 221 caraNa kramazaH hote haiN| abhyAsa yA anya kAraNoM se aneka bAra ina caraNoM kA sUkSya kAla bheda pratIta nahIM hotA aura tatkAla avAya jJAna hI hotA dIkhatA hai| sAmAnya dazAoM meM sabhI caraNa pUrNa na hone para jJAna nirNayAtmaka evaM yathArtha nahIM hotaa| ina caraNoM kA zAstrIya vivecana anyatra diyA jA rahA hai| matimAna ko viSaya vastu ke vividha rUpa __ uparokta avagraha Adi caraNoM ke krama se pUrvokta anuyoga dvAroM ke mAdhyama se padArthoM ke viSaya meM jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha jJAna indriyagamya rUpoM kI vividhatA tathA jJAna prApti ke nimittoM ( buddhipaTutA yA kSayopazama ) ko taratamatA para AdhArita hotA hai / indriya rUpa ke AdhAra para padArtha ( ataeva unakA jJAna ) chaha prakAra ke ho sakate haiM : (i) eka, ekavidha, bahu, bahuvidha, niHsRta aura anisRta buddhi ko paTutA ke AdhAra para bhI jJAna chaha koTiyoM se ho sakatA hai : (ii) kSipra, akSipra, ukta, anukta, dhruva, adhruva avagrahAdika pratyeka caraNa se ina bAraha rUpoM meM jJAna prApta hotA hai| inakA nirUpaNa sAraNI 4 meM diyA gayA hai| inakI paribhASA va udAharaNoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ina bhedoM meM paryApta punarAvRtti hai / yadi ye bheda na bhI hote, sAraNI 4 : padArthoM ke jJAna ke vividha rUpa : matijJAna nAma artha udAharaNa 1. bahu sAmAnya saMkhyA, parimANa bAjAra meM bahuta gehU~ hai (taula, parimANa, saMkhyA meM) 2. bahuvidha guNAtmaka vividhatAoM kI saMkhyA, parimANa zarabatI gehU~ bahuta hai 3. eka saMkhyA, parimANa eka ghor3A, gau Adi 4. ekavidha guNAtmaka vividhatA kI saMkhyA, parimANa yahA~ paMjAbI gau eka hai aniHsRta eka deza ke AdhAra para sarvadezI padArtha kA jala-nimagna hAthI kI sUMDa dekhakara jJAna, smRti Adi se jJAna hAthI kA jJAna 6. niHsRta sarvadeza ke AdhAra para padArtha kA jJAna, gAya dekhakara gau-jJAna svataH jJAna 7. kSipra (i) ativegI padArtha kA jJAna pravAhI jaladhArA (ii) zIghra jJAna 8. a-kSipra (i) mandagatika padArtha kA jJAna carAgAha se lauTate hue pazuoM (ii) derI se hone vAlA jJAna kA jJAna (i) sthira padArthoM kA jJAna pavaMta, vRkSa Adi (ii) eka rUpa yA yathArtha jJAna adhruva (i) asthira padArthoM kA jJAna ur3ate-baiThate pakSI kA jJAna dUsaroM ke kahane para hone vAlA jJAna 'yaha gau hai', sunakara gAya kA jJAna (asaMdigdha) 12. anukta svayaM hI socakara abhiprAya mAtra 'agni lAo' sunakara khapare para (saMdigdha) se jJAna agni jalate hue kaNDe kA lAnA * zvetAmbara mAnyatA meM 5-6 va 11-12 rUpoM ke kucha bhinna nAma va artha hai / ukta
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________________ 222] paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstro sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa to bhI kAma cala sakatA thaa| kabhI-kabhI vargIkaraNa kI antahIna prakriyA bhrAnti aura aspaSTatA ko bhI janma detI hai / zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki bahaAdi bheda padArthoM ke hI hote haiM, para ina bhedoM kA anuyoga dvAroM se koI sambandha ullikhita nahIM hai| isake bAvajUda bhI jainAcAryoM ne padArthoM ko jina vividha rUpoM se avalokita kiyA hai, vaha anya darzanoM meM nahIM pAye jAte / ataH unakI avalokana kSamatA ko apUrvatA to svIkAra karanI cAhiye / __ matijJAna ke uparokta rUpa sAmAnya jJAna kI dRSTi se batAye gaye haiN| inase chahoM dravyoM kA parijJAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| parantu indriya-mana janya hone se matijJAna kI kucha sImAeM haiN| isIliye jaba jIva yA cetana dravya kA jJAna karanA par3atA hai, to usake vivaraNa ko 7 dravyAtmaka evaM 7 bhAvAtmaka-kUla 14 mArgaNA dvAroM se nirUpita kiyA jAtA hai| ye dvAra bhI jaina darzana kI vizeSatA hai / jJAna prAti ke caraNoM kI smiikssaa| jJAna prApti ke uparokta caraNoM evaM jJAna ke rUpoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki isake liye indriya-samparkAtmaka nirIkSaNa, darzana aura buddhi vyApAra Avazyaka hai / Adhunika yuga meM vijJAna kI paribhASA bhI isI prakriyA para AdhArita hai / yaha bhI indriyaja yA yaMtraja nirIkSaNoM se saMgata buddhi vyApAra kA pariNAma kahA jAtA hai| jJAna prApti kI uparokta pAMca prakriyAeM unhIM caraNoM ke samakakSa haiM, jinheM vaijJAnika anusaraNa karate haiM / vaijJAnika prakriyA meM prayoga, nirIkSaNa, vargIkaraNa, niSkarSa, upakalpanA yA niyamIkaraNa ke pA~ca caraNa hote haiM / inheM nimna prakAra se zAstrIya caraNoM se samakakSatA dI jA sakatI hai : zAstrIya caraNa vaijJAnika caraNa (i) darzana prayoga (ii) avagraha nirIkSaNa (iii) IhA vargIkaraNa (iv) avAya niSkarSa, upakalpatA (v) dhAraNA niyamIkaraNa, saMprasAraNa isase yaha spaSTa hai ki purAtana yA zAstrIya yuga meM bhautika jagata saMbaMdhI jJAna kI prApti ke liye Adhunika prakriyA hI apanAI jAtI rahI hai| yahI nahIM, matijJAna ke 336-456 bheda yaha batAte haiM ki yadyapi usa yaga meM yAMtrika yaktiyAM nahIM thIM, phira bhI bauddhika evaM iMdriyaja tIkSNatA paryApta thii| yaha mAnyatA bhI sahaja thI ki iMdriya evaM badi ke mamaya hone para jo jJAna hogA. vaha nirdoSa evaM yathArtha hogA / bhautika jagata saMbaMdhI Agamika aura zAstrIya vivaraNoM kA ka prakriyA hai / isaliye ina vivaraNoM kI Adhunika mAnyatAoM se tulanA karanA atyaMta rocaka anusaMdhAna kA viSaya hai / yaha AzA kI jA sakatI hai ki adhyayana vidhiyoM ke samAna hone se, donoM hI paddhatiyoM se prApta jJAna meM, kucha gauNa yA sUkSmatara vivaraNoM ko chor3a, vizeSa aMtara nahIM honA cAhiye / mAna-cAra yA anuyoga dvAroM kA mUlyAMkana kisI bhI jJeya ke saMbaMdha meM vaijJAnika adhyayana karate samaya use kucha sAmAnya aura vizeSa zIrSakoM ke aMtargata vivecita kiyA jAtA hai| zAstrIya yuga meM bhI yahI paddhati apanAI jAtI thI aura una zIrSakoM ko sAraNI 1 ke samAna chaha yA ATha rUpoM meM nirdezita kiyA gayA hai / vaijJAnika dRSTi se inheM cAra mukhya zIrSakoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai (3) nAma (sat yA nirdeza), (ii) tayArI, prAptividhi (sAdhana), (i) guNa ( adhikaraNa, sthiti, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, aMtara, saMkhyA, alpa bahutva ) aura (iv) upayoga yA upabhoktA ( bhAva ) / zAstrIya zIrSakoM ke aMtargata ajIva tatva ke vivaraNa, akalaMka ne sAraNI 5 ke samAna diye haiN| isa sAraNI meM etatsaMbaMdhI Adhunika vivaraNa bhI diye gaye haiN| ina
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________________ 4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samokSaga 223 vivaraNoM kI tulanA se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki ajova tatva kI paribhASA karane meM ho kAphI aMtara / yadyapi jovana UrjA ke aMtargata aneka vaijJAnika prakriyAyeM samAhita mAno jA sakatI haiM, para zAstroM meM unakA vivaraNa guNAtmaka ho adhika hai, usameM parimANAtmakatA evaM sUkSmatA kama hai / isake atirikta, vibhinna zIrSakoM ke aMtargata prApta vivaraNa bhautika adhika haiM, unameM rAsAyanika prakramoM kA prAyaH abhAva / isa prakAra, jJAna-dvAroM evaM vidhiyoM meM vAhya samarUpatA ke bAvajUda bhI jJeya-saMbaMdhI zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika vivaraNoM meM kAphI antarAla pAyA jAtA hai / sAraNI 5 : vibhinna zIrSakoM ke antargata ajIva tattva ke zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika vivaraNa zAstrIya vivaraNa vaijJAnika vivaraNa zIrSaka 1. nAma (nirdeza ) 2. utpAdaka sAmagrI (sAdhana) 3. guNa (a) AdhAra ( kSetra, sparzana) (ba) sthiti (Ayu) (sa) bheda-prabheda ( vidhAna ) ajIva jisameM proToplAjma, AhAra, visarga, janma, vikAsa, mRtyu, cayApacaya, anukUlana, saMvedanazIlatA, zvAsocchavAsa evaM svatogati na ho / aniyata AkAra, vistAra | (a) yaha aNu evaM paramANuoM ke saMyoga va yaha ajIva paramANuoM aura aNuoM ke viyoga se utpanna hotA hai / saMyoga-viyoga se utpanna hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI yaha sajIva padArthoM se bhI (ba) dharma (Ithara), adharma ( AkarSaNa ), AkAza evaM kAla ke kAraNa gati, sthiti, parivartana aura avagAhana hotA hai| ajIva - jisameM 10 prANa yA cetanA na ho / adhiSThita hotA hai / padArtha AkAza, anya dravyoM evaM svayaM meM padArthoM ke AdhAra, sthiti, bheda-prabheda, AkAra, vistAra aneka prakAra ke hote haiM aura parivartI hote haiM / yaha eka se anaMta samaya taka banA rahatA hai | yaha aneka prakAra se eka se asaMkhyAta rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / padArtha jIva evaM ajIba-sabhI ke liye vividha rUpoM meM upayogI hotA hai / utpanna hotA hai ( rAkha Adi ) / ( ba ) Ithara Adi vAstavika nahIM haiM, mAtra nirdeza bindu haiM / 4. upayoga ( svAmitva ) jJAna prApti meM sahayogI kAraka jJAnaprApti ke liye upayogI caraNoM meM prathama caraNa sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai / isake anusAra, kisI vastu ke viSaya meM jJAna prApta karane ke liye kama se kama do mukhya kAraka hone cAhie-- iMdriyAM aura padArtha yA jJeya vastu / ina donoM ke madhya saMparka ke liye prakAza bhI honA cAhiye / anya kAraka bhI ho sakate haiM / sarvaprathama yaha saMparka ina aneka kArakoM kI upasthiti meM bhautika iMdriyoM evaM padArtha ke bIca hotA hai / isa saMparka se bhAvendriyAM uttejita hotI haiM aura ve isa saMparka kI (da) padArthoM yA ajotra se jova kI utpatti saMbhava hai / ajIva padArtha jIvana evaM jIva-donoM ke liye upayogI hotA hai /
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________________ 224 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa sUcanA mastiSka ko pahu~cAtI haiM / mastiSka vastu jJAna karAtA hai / aneka vAhya aura AbhyaMtara kAraNoM se hone vAlI sahaja jJAna kI yaha prakriyA nyAyadarzana ne svIkAra kI hai / lekiba jainoM ne jJAnotpAdaka kAraNoM ko do koTiyoM meM spaSTataH vibhAjita kiyA hai : mukhya aura sahayogI 1 1 / jJAna kA mukhya kAraka to jIva yA AtmA hI hai, kyoMki sabhI kArakoM kI upasthiti meM bhI isake binA jJAna saMbhava nahIM hotA / anya kAraka ajIva hote haiM aura ve sahayogI kAraka kahalAte haiM / inameM sajIvatA ke guNa adhyAropita nahIM kiye jA skte| ye zarIrastha jIva ke parivezI karmoM ke AvaraNa ko naSTa yA dUra kara jJAna meM sahAyaka hote haiM / jJAna ke viSaya meM yaha parA prAkRtika pravRtti jaina jJAna-siddhAMta kI hI vizeSatA hai 2 / karmoM ke AvaraNa ke dUra hone para AtmA meM prAtibha prakRti prakaTa hotI haiM aura isaliye jJAna atIdriya ho jAtA hai / ataeva jainoM ke liye iMdriyAM, mana, prakAza aura svayaM jJeya vastu bhI jJAna ke dvitIyaka yA sahayogI kAraNa hote haiM / jJAna-prApti ke kArakoM kA yaha vibhAjana jainoM kI etat viSayaka gahana aMtardRSTi kA AbhAsa detA hai| jJAna prApti ke kSetra meM do prakAra ke kArakoM kI yaha dhAraNA bhautikavAdI vaijJAnikoM ke liye kiMcit pathavAhya laga sakatI hai| ve kaha sakate haiM ki mukhya kAraka kI dhAraNA ke vinA bhI jJAna saMbhava haiM, jJAna ke kSetra meM AtmA kA yaha anadhikAra praveza hai / lekina AtmavAdiyoM ke liye to jAnanA aura dekhanA usI kA kArya hai| isa tarka se jaina nyAyadarzana ke kAraka - sAkalyavAda ke jJAna ke siddhAnta ko amAnya karate haiM / lekina isa saMbaMdha meM jainoM ke kucha kathanoM kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| unake jJAna siddhAnta kI AdhArabhUta tIna mAnyatAyeM haiM : (i) cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiN| unakA padArthoM se saMparka nahIM hotA / (ii) anya iMdriyoM kI tulanA meM cakSu sthUlatara jJeyoM ko dekhatI hai" / (iii) AtmA sarvajJa hotA hai aura vaha trikAladarzI hotA hai" / vaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki dekhane ko prakriyA meM cakSu eka kaimare ke mAdhyama se parokSa rUpa se vastu se saMparkita hokara hI usakA jJAna karAtI hai / ISat, AMzika yA parokSa prApyakAritA mAnanA cAhiye / isase cakSu kI kriyA-paddhati viSayaka lupta vindu kI vyAkhyA ho jAvegI / isa AdhAra para cakSu kI aprApyakAritA vastutaH eka bahuta sthUla kathana / vaijJAnika to aMdhakAra ko bhI mAnava ke dRzya prakAza parisara se bAhara kA prakAza hI mAnate haiM / yaha aMdha- prakAza billI aura ullU Adi tiryacoM kI dRzyatA parisara meM AtA hai aura usakI AvRtti 4000deg A se kama aura 8000degA se adhika hotI hai / isa viSaya meM anyatra vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 16 samAna kArya karatI hai aura vaha prakAza ke isaliye cakSu kI aprApyakAritA kA artha jainoM ke anusAra, mana do prakAra kA hotA hai - dravyamana aura bhAvamana / dravyamana ko zarIra vijJAniyoM kA mastiSka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha hamAre zarIra taMtra kI zakti evaM kriyAoM kA bhaMDAragRha hai| yaha donoM prakAra se kAma karatA hai - yaha iMdriyoM se prApta saMvedanoM se tathA mAnasika prakriyAoM se utpanna saMvedanoM se prabhAvita hotA hai / vAstava meM, cakSu kI tulanA meM mastiSka kI prApyakAritA aura bhI adhika parokSa hotI hai / jainoM kA karma siddhAMta bhI isakI prApyakAritA kI ora saMketa detA hai / cakSu sthUlatara padArtha dekhatA hai, yaha bhI eka avyApta kathana pratIta hotA hai / anya iMdriyoM ke saMparka meM kevala ANavika saMracanA vAle adRzya padArtha hI Ate haiN| isake viparyAsa meM, cakSu prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA Adi ke sukSmatara pudgaloM ko bhI dekhatI hai / isa dRSTi se kundakunda ke aNu-vargIkaraNa meM bhI eka visaMgati hai" / vastutaH vaijJAnika dRSTi se cakSu aura cakSu pUraka yaMtra hI dRzyatA yA sthUlatA aura sUkSmatA kI sImA nirdhArita karate haiM / AtmA kI sarvajJatA kA siddhAnta jJAna ke siddhAnta aise haiM jo Agama se prAmANya pAte haiM iMdriya padArtha saMparka - siddhAnta ke virodha meM jAtA hai / jainoM ke aneka / unameM tArkikatA uttarakAla meM AI hai" / cakSu kI aprApyakAritA evaM
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________________ 4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 225 sarvajJatA ke siddhAnta isI koTi ke haiN| AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ko sarvajJa kahA gayA hai para buddha ne isako mAnyatA nahIM dii| vastutaH hama sarvajJatA ko jJAna ke uccatama sAmarthya kA bahirvezana mAna sakate hai| yaha saMbhava hai yA nahIM, yaha pRthaka prazna hai| samaMtabhadra, akalaMka Adi uttaravartI AcAryoM ne isakI saMbhAvanA ke pakSa meM aneka tarka diye hai / phira bhI, yadi ise atIndriya jJAnI mAnA jAtA hai aura use sUrya-candra Adi jyotigrahoM ke gati evaM grahaNa kI gaNanAoM ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA jAtA hai, to Adhunika dRSTi se yaha niSkarSa virodha kA hI samarthana kregaa| ina viSayoM para gaNita evaM jyotiSa zAstriyoM ne adhyayana kiye haiN| sAtha hI, jainoM ke Agama-lopa kI mAnyatA tathA usake kAraNoM kI samIkSA evaM unameM vidyamAna aneka bhautika tathyoM evaM gaNanAoM kI parivartanIyatA kI mAnyatA Agama-praNetAoM kI sarvajJatA ke prazna ko punarvicAra ke liye preriNa karatI hai| Adhunika buddhivAdI ko yaha mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki sarvajJa puruSoM kA jJAna atyaMta uccakoTi kA hogaa| samaMtabhadra tathA anya AcAryoM ne Agamika yA anya mAnyatAoM ko parIkSita kara hI svIkRta karane kA prazasta pathanirdeza diyA hai / yaha pravRtti hI jJAna ke vRkSa ke vikAsa ko prazasta karatI hai / mAna prApti ke parokSa rUpa : parokSa mati aura zrutajJAna . jainoM ke anusAra, matijJAna pratyakSa yA iMdriya janya (laukika) bhI hotA hai aura parokSa bhI hotA hai / yaha parokSa jJAna bhI pratyakSa ke samAna hI pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| smRti, saMjJA (pratyabhijJAna), cintA (taka) aura abhinibodha (anumAna)-ye cAra matijJAna ke parokSarUpa hai / ye sabhI iMdriyajJAna ke samAnArthI haiN| inheM parokSa isaliye mAnA jAtA hai ki inameM iMdriyoM ke atirikta smaraNa, mana aura buddhi vyApAra bhI kAraNa hotA hai / yahA~ yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhiye ki bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM se kevala jaina hI aise hai jinhoMne smRti ko pramANa mAnA hai| unhoMne isakA pramANatA ke virodha meM diye gaye tarkoM kI upayukta parIkSA kI hai| jainoM ne ina vidhiyoM ko matijJAna ke rUpa meM parigaNita kara anya darzanoM meM vaNita prAyaH sabhI pramANoM ko samAhita kara liyA hai| ye sabhI vidhiyAM sahaja anubhava gamya haiM, vaijJAnika bhI inheM mAnakara calate haiN| matijJAna ke ina rUpoM ke atirikta Agama yA zrata grantha bhI jJAna prApti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAne gaye haiN| vastutaH zrutajJAna dhAraNAtmaka caraNa kA vistAra ho hai aura sAmayika jJAnaprApti kA aMtima caraNa hai| isakI paribhASA paraMparA evaM vyutpatti-donoM AdhAroM se kI gaI hai| paraMparAvAdo dRSTikoNa se zrutajJAna iMdriyajJAna (mati) pUrvaka hotA hai aura isameM buddhi aura vANI kA bhI upayoga hotA hai| yaha sendriya yA atIdriya jJAna ke samAna pratyakSa aura vizada nahIM hotaa| yaha akSara aura anakSara rUpa se do prakAra kA hotA hai / akSarazruta likhita yA vAcanika hotA hai| yaha svayaM evaM anyoM ko bhI jJAna karAtA hai| yaha pUrvAcAyoM ke jJAna ke saMprasAraNa kA kAma karatA hai| ise dravyazruta bhI kahate haiN| anakSara zruta ko bhAvazruta kahate haiM / vibhinna darzanoM meM inake vibhinna nAma milate haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM zruta kI adhika lokapriya aura vyUtpattiparaka paribhASA dI gaI hai| usake anusAra vizvasanIya zAstrajJoM ke dvArA likhita yA maukhika zabda yojanA zrata hai| pUjyapAda ne tIna prakAra ke zAstrajJa mAne hai : sarvajJa tIrthakara, unake pratyakSa ziSya gaNadhara aura anya aacaary| mehatA ne zAstrajJoM ko laukika evaM alaukika koTiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai1 / yahA~ laukika zAstrajJoM kI koTi kI sAmAnyatA jana sAmAnya se paryApta uccatara hotI hai aura gaNadhara tathA vibhinna AcArya isa koTi meM Ate hai| zAstrajJoM ke lie 'Apta' kahA jAtA hai| inake dvArA nirmita zAstra hI pramANa mAne jAte haiN| ye ho zrutajJAna ke sAdhana hai| ye anubhava-jJAna ke bhaNDAra haiN| zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki dravya zruta sAdi aura sAnta hai para bhAva zruta anAdi aura ananta haiN| isake do pramukha bheda hai-aMga praviSTa aura aMgavAhya / AcArAMga Adi bAraha aMga prathama koTi ke haiM aura inake bArahaveM aMga meM 'pUrva' bhI samAhita hote haiM / yaha to jJAta nahIM ki aMga grantha pUrva granthoM ke pUrvavartI hai para inheM aMgoM meM samAhita kara liyA
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________________ 226 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa gayA hai / zUviMga ke anusAra pUrva aMgoM ke samAnAntara grantha rahe hoMge 2 / aMga granthoM ko donoM paramparAyeM mAnatI haiM lekina durbhAgya se inakA adhikAMza, meghA aura smaraNa zakti kI kamI se mahAvIra se mAnA jAtA hai / vaidika dhArA ke samAna Agama-rakSaNa kI kula paramparA jainoM meM dRr3ha nahIM rahI / digambaroM kI tulanA meM zvetAmbaroM ne isa kamI kA anubhava tIna saMgItiyA~ kI aura anta meM AgamoM ko likhita rUpa diyA / itane antarAla ke kAraNa mUla meM parivartana va parivardhana kI sambhAvanA se Aja ke vidvAn inkAra nahIM krte| isaliye unakI prAmANikatA parIkSaNIya mAnI jAtI hai / digambara paramparA meM aisI koI saMgIti nahIM huI aura unake yahA~ aMga vilopana kI dara bhI tIvra hai / hA~, kucha aMgoM evaM pUrvo para AdhArita kucha grantha avazya unake pAsa hai / zUniMga aura jaikobI ne Agama vilopana kI mAnyatA ke viSaya meM batAyA hai| ki yaha sambhava hai ki unakI viSaya-vastu mahatvapUrNa na ho athavA unake varNana se anuyAyiyoM meM arucikaratA AtI ho 26 / isa viSaya para gahana anusandhAna ko AvazyakatA hai / zruta kI dUsarI koTi aMgoM para AdhArita hai / use aMgoM kI samakakSatA nahIM hai, para vaha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / aMga vAhya grantha kitane haiM, yaha nizcita nahIM hai / para digambara 14 aura zvetAmbara 34 grantha isa koTi meM mAnate haiM / ye aMga sAhitya se uttara kAla kI racanAye haiM / zvetAmbara isa koTi meM pA~cavI sadI taka kI mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM tathA digambara 10vIM sadI taka ke grantha samAhita karate haiM / digambara yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki caudaha mUla aMga vAhya grantha bho vilupta ho gaye haiM / unhoMne aMga praviSTa tathA aMga vAhya zruta meM vidyamAna samasta varNoM ko saMkhyA 1.844105 batAI hai 27 / zAstroM meM isa zruta ke vibhinna bhAgoM kI viSaya vastu bhI do gaI hai / aneka prakaraNoM meM vartamAna meM upalabdha zruta isase bhinna pAyA jAtA hai / digambaroM kI tulanA meM zvetAmbaroM ko gaNanAyeM bhinna haiM / phira bho, isase zruta ke vyApaka vistAra kA patA to calatA hI hai| isake bAvajUda bhI, yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sampUrNa zruta meM upalabdha jJAna sampUrNa jJAna kA ananta bhAga hai kyoMki sabhI jJeya ko pUrNataH zabdoM meM nahIM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA / 683 se 1000 varSa ke bIca lupta huA nahIM rahI, guru-ziSya paramparA bhI bahuta kiyA aura 453-62 I0 taka unhoMne jJAna prApti kA antima caraNa : bhuta uparokta zruta ke viSaya evaM varNazaMkhyA meM bhinnatA ke bAvajUda bho, jJAna prApti prakriyA kA antima caraNa pUrvacaraNa meM prApta jJAna ko abhilekhita karanA hai / ye abhilekha jJAta jJAna kA nirUpaNa evaM saprasAraNa karate haiM ora ajJAta kSitijoM kI ora saMketa karate haiM / inake varNanoM ko aitihAsika pariprekSya meM dekhanA cAhiye / inheM jJAna kA antima bindu nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / vartamAna zruta sarvajJa praNota nahIM, apitu unake paramparAgata uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA praNIta hai, jo vibhinna yugoM meM hue haiM / ataH zruta ko vibhinna yugoM meM upalabdha jJAna kA abhilekha mAnanA cAhiye / aneka prakaraNoM meM unameM parivardhita yA virodhI dRSTikoNa bhI pAye jAte haiN| Adhunika jJAna ke AdhAra para unameM parivardhana sambhava ho sakatA / yadi inheM aparivartanIya mAnA jAve, to jJAna tAlAba ke jala ke samAna sthira ho jaavegaa| isa dhAraNA se jJAna ke naye kSetroM ke prati anupayogitAvAdI dRSTi vikasita huI, isase bhArata Adhunika dRSTi se jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM pichar3a gayA / vaha Agamika yuga meM apane samaya meM jJAna kA agraNI thA / isaliye vaijJAnika tathA anya dRSTiyoM se sthira jJAna kI dhAraNA upayogI nahIM pratIta hotI / aba jJAna eka jala pravAha ke samAna hai, jisameM saMzodhana, navayojana evaM parivartana sambhava hai, yadi jJAna prApti kI uparokta dizAoM se ina prakriyAoM kA samarthana ho / yaha mata vartamAna zruta se bhI samarthita hai / pratyakSa ke do bheda, kAla ke dravyatva ko mAnyatA, aSTamUlaguNoM ke vividha rUpa, bhautika indriyoM kI prApyakAritA sambandhI pUjyapAda aura vIrasena kI matabhinnatA, vidyAnanda ko dhArAvAhI jJAna ko pramANatA Adi ke udAharaNa isI Ara saMketa dete haiM / vastutaH yaha acaraja kI bAta ho hai ki parivartanazIla vizva meM usase sambandhita jJAna ko sthira evaM aparivartanIya mAnA jAve /
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________________ 4] jJAna prApti kI Agamika evaM Adhunika vidhiyoM kA tulanAtmaka samIkSaNa 227 upasaMhAra uparokta nirUpaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki sUkSmatara vivaraNoM ke zAstrIya matabhedoM ke bAvajUda bhI, bhautika jagata sambandhI jJAna kI prakriyA aura kArakoM se sambandhita jaina nirUpaNa vaijJAnika mAnyatAoM ke samarUpa hai| tathApi jJAtA AtmA evaM atIndriya jJAna sambandhI mAnyatA vaijJAnika sahamati kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai| DelarIpa ne sahI kahA hai ki jainoM kA jJAna-siddhAnta indriya aura zruta jJAna ke stara para kArya-kAraNavAda kI mAnyatA para AdhArita hone se prAkRtika hai, para jJAna ke uccatara stara para yaha vastutaH antaHpratibhAtmaka ho jAtA hai| yaha prAttibha jJAna jA~canIya na bhI ho, para prAkRtika jJAna to naye-naye tathyoM evaM satyoM ke pariprekSya meM jA~canIya aura parivardhanIya honA hI caahiye| nirdeza sUcI 1. TATiyA, nathamala; tulasI prathA, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, disambara, 78 / 2. akalaMka, bhadraH tatvArtha rAjavAtika-1, bhA. jJAnapITha, dillI, 1953, peja 33 / 3. zAstrI, kailAzacandra, jaina nyAya, bhA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1966, pe0 328 / 4. jaina, esa0 e0, (anu0); royaliTo, vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA, 1960, peja 11-15 / 5 pUrvokta, peja 15 / 6. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 69-70 / 7. saMdhavI, sukhalAla (TI.); tatvArtha sUtra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1976, peja 124 / 8. dekhiye nirdeza 2, peja 61 / 9. dekhiye, nirdeza 3, peja 147-57 / 10. dekhiye, nirdeza 9, peja 65 / 11. prabhAcandra AcArya; prameyakamalaMmAtaMDa, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1941, peja 231-39 / 12. Dela rIpa necuralisTika TreDIzaMsa ina iMDiyana thauTa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, 1964, peja 83 / 13. dekhiye, nirdeza 4, peja 27 / 14. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, khaNDa 2, peja 484 / 15. dekhiye, nirdeza 2, peja 90 / 16. jaina, ena0 ela0; kanTekTiliTI Ava AI-ena iveluyezana, tulasI prajJA, lADana, 6, 19, 1982 / 17. kundakunda, AcArya; niyama sAra, jaina pabliziMga hAusa, lakhanaU, 1931, peja 12 / 18. nyAyAcArya, mahendrakumAra; jaina varzana, varNI granthamAlA, kAzI, 1966, peja 285 / 19. dekhiye nirdeza 3 peja 165 / 20. dekhiye nirdeza 3 peja 277-94 / 21. mehatA, mohana lAla; jaina philAsophI, jaina mizana sosAiTI, begalora, 1954, peja 113 / 22. bAlTara zUbiMga; dakTariva oNba jainAja, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI, 1966, peja 74 / 23. mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha; Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966, peja 16 / 24. dekhiye nirdeza 22 peja 75-76 / 25. nemacandra cakravartI; gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, rAmacandra jaina granthamAtkara, agAsa, 1972, peja 180 / 26. dekhiye nirdeza 12 peja 91 /