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________________ 17. cAra saMsthAo [1] saMdhasaMsthA : caturvidha saMgha bhagavAna mahAvIre jyAre varNabaMdhanano cheda uDADI mUkyo tyAre tyAganA daSTibiMdu upara pitAnI saMsthAnA vargo pADavA. mukhya be varga : eka gharabAra ane kuTuMbakabIlA vinAne pharato anagAra varga ane bIje kuTuMbakabIlAmAM rAcanAra sthAnabaddha agArI varga. pahelo varga pUrNa tyAgI. emAM strI ane puruSa bane Ave, ane te sAdhu-sAdhvI kahevAya. bIje varga pUrNa tyAgane umedavAra. emAM paNa strI ane puruSa bane Ave, ane te zrAvakazrAvikA kahevAya. A rIte caturvidha saMghavyavasthA-athavA brAhmaNapathanA prAcIna zabdane navesara upayoga karIe te caturvidha varNa vyavasthA-zarU thaI sAdhusaMdhanI vyavasthA sAdhuo kare. enA niyama e saMghamAM atyAre paNa che, ane zAstramAM paNa bahu suMdara ane vyavasthita rIte mukAyelA che. sAdhusaMdha upara zrAvakasaMghano aMkuza nathI ema koI na samaje. pratyeka nivirvAda sAruM kArya karavA sAdhusaMdha svataMtra ja che, paNa kyAMya bhUla dekhAya athavA te matabheda heya athavA te sArA kAryamAM paNa khAsa madadanI apekSA hoya tyAM sAdhusaMdhe pote jAte ja zrAvakasaMghane aMkuza pitAnI icchAthI ja svIkAryo che. e ja rIte zrAvakasaMghanuM baMdhAraNa ghaNI rIte juduM hovA chatAM te sAdhusaMdhane aMkuza svIkAratA ja Avyo che. A
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________________ w jaina dharmanA prANa rIte parasparanA sahakArathI e banne saMghe ekaMdara hitakArya ja karatA AvyA che. [ aciM0 bhA. 1, pR. 377-378] [2] sAdhusaMsthA AjanI sAdhusaMsthA bhagavAna mahAvIrane te AbhArI che, paNa e saMsthA te ethIye jUnI che. bhagavatI jevA AgamamAM ane bIjA jUnA graMthomAM pArthApatya eTale pArzvanAthanA ziSyonI vAta Ave che. temAMnA keTalAka bhagavAna pAse jatAM khacakAya che, keTalAka temane dharmavirodhI samaja pajave che; keTalAka bhagavAnane harAvavA ke temanI parIkSA karavA khAtara tarehatarehanAM prazno kare che, paNa chevaTe e pArzvapatyanI paraMparA bhagavAna mahAvIranI ziSya paraMparAmAM kAM te samAI jAya che ane kAM te temane keTaleka saDele bhAga ApaApa kharI jAya che. ane ekaMdara pAche bhagavAnane sAdhusaMdha nave rUpe ja UbhA thAya chete eka saMsthAnA rUpamAM goThavAI jAya che. DahApaNa bhareluM baMdhAraNa tenA raheNIkaraNanA, arasaparasanA vahevAranA ane kartavyanA niyamo ghaDAya che. e niyamanA pAlana mATe ane emAM kaI bhaMga kare te ene zAsana karavA mATe suvyavasthita rAjataMtranI peThe e sAdhusaMsthAnA taMtramAM paNa niyama ghaDAya che; nAnAmoTA adhikArIo nibhAya che. e badhAnAM kAmenI maryAdA aMkAya che. saMghasthavira, gacchasthavira, AcArya, upAcArya, pravartaka, gaNu vagerenI maryAdAo, arasaparasanA vyavahAro, kAmanA vibhAge, ekabIjAnI takarAranA pheMsalAo, ekabIjA gacchanI aMdara ke ekabIjA gurunI pAse javA-AvavAnA, zIkhavAnA, AhAra vagerenA niyamenuM je varNana chedamAM maLe che, te joI sAdhusaMsthAnA baMdhAraNa paranA AcAryonA DahApaNa vize mAna utpanna thayA vinA rahetuM nathI. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa Aja
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________________ cAra saMsthAo koI paNa mahatI saMsthAne pitAnuM baMdhAraNa bAMdhavA athavA vizALa karavA mATe e sAdhusaMsthAnA baMdhAraNane abhyAsa bahu ja madadagAra thaI paDe tema mane spaSTa lAgyuM che. bhikSaNasiMdha ane tenI bauddhasaMdha upara asara ' A dezanA cAre khUNAmAM sAdhusaMsthA phelAI gaI hatI. bhagavAnanA astitva daramiyAna cauda hajAra bhikSu ane chatrIsa hajAra, bhikSuNIo hovAnuM kathana che. temanA nirvANa pachI e sAdhusaMsthAmAM keTale umero thayo ke keTale ghaTADe thaye tenI cokkasa vigata ApaNI. pAse nathI, chatAM ema lAge che ke bhagavAna pachInI amuka sadIo. sudhI te e saMsthAmAM ghaTADe nahote ja thaye, kadAca vadhAre thaye haze. sAdhusaMsthAmAM strIone sthAne kAMI bhagavAna mahAvIre ja pahelA nathI ApyuM. temanA pahelAMya bhikSuNIo jena sAdhusaMdhamAM hatI ane bIjA parivrAjaka paMthomAM paNa hatI, chatAM paNa eTaluM to kharuM ja ke bhagavAna mahAvIre pitAnA sAdhusaMdhamAM strIone khUba avakAza Ape ane enI vyavasthA vadhAre majabUta karI. enuM pariNAma bauddha sAdhusaMdha upara paNa thayuM. buddha bhagavAna sAdhusaMdhamAM strIone sthAna ApavA icchatA na hatA, paNa temane chevaTe sAdhusaMsthAmAM strIone sthAna ApavuM paDyuM. A temanA parivartanamAM jaina sAdhusaMsthAnI kAMIka asara avazya che ema vicAra karatAM lAge che. sAdhunuM dayeya : jIvanazuddhi - sAdhu eTale sAdhaka. sAdhaka eTale amuka dhyeyanI siddhi mATe, sAdhanA karanAra, te dhyeyane umedavAra. jaina sAdhuonuM dhyeya mukhyapaNe te jIvanazuddhi ja nakkI karavAmAM AveluM che. jIvanane zuddha karavuM eTale tenAM baMdhane, tenAM maLe, tenA vize ane tenI saMkucitatAo TALavI. bhagavAne pitAnA jIvana mAraphata samajadArane evo padArthapATha zIkhavyuM che ke jyAM sudhI pote pitAnuM jIvana aMtarmukha
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________________ 238 jainadharmane prANa thaI tapAsI na le, ledhI na le, pite vicAra ane vartanamAM sthira na thAya, pite pitAnA dhyeya paratve spaSTa bhAna kare tyAM sudhI te bIjAne zI rIte derI zake? khAsa karI AdhyAtmika jIvana jevI mahatvanI bAbatamAM je koInI deravaNI karavAnI hoya te pahelAM-- eTale ke bIjAnA upadezaka athavA guru thayA pahelAM-pitAnI jAtane e bAbatamAM khUba taiyAra karI levI joIe. e taiyArIno samaya e ja sAdhanAne samaya. AvI sAdhanA mATe ekAMta jagyA, snehIo ane bIjA lekethI alagapaNuM, koI paNa sAmAjika ke bIjI khaTapaTamAM mAthuM na mAravApaNuM, amuka prakAranA khAnapAnanA ane raheNIkaraNInA niyamo--e badhuM jAyeluM hatuM sthAnAMtara ane lokapakAra e saMsthAmAM evA asAdhAraNa purU pADyA che ke jemanI aMtardaSTi ane sUkSma vicAraNA kAyama hatI. keTalAka evA paNa thaI gayA che ke jemanI bahirdaSTi to hatI chatAM aMtaSTi paNa cukAI na hatI. keTalAka evA paNa thaI gayA che ke jemanAmAM aMtadRSTi nahivat athavA taddana gauNa thaI hatI ane bahirdaSTi ja mukhya thaI gaI hatI. game tema , chatAM eka bAju samAja ane kuLadharma tarIke jainapaNane vistAra te gaye ane e samAjamAMthI ja sAdhuo thaI saMsthAmAM dAkhala thatA gayA, ane bIjI bAju sAdhuonuM vasatisthAna paNa dhIre dhIre badalAtuM cAlyuM. jaMgale, TekarIo ane zaheranI bahAranA bhAgamAMthI sAdhugaNa lekavasatimAM Avato gaye. sAdhusaMsthAo janasamudAyamAM sthAna laI anicchAe lokasaMsargajanita keTalAka deze svIkAryA hoya, te tenI sAthe ja te saMsthAe lekamAM keTalAka pitAnA khAsa guNe paNa dAkhala karyo che, ane tema karavAnuM bhagIratha prayatna karyo che. je keTalAka tyAgI khAtra aMtardaSTivALA hatA ane jemaNe potAnA jIvanamAM AdhyAtmika
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________________ cAra saMsthAo zAMti sAdhI hatI, evAonA zubha ane zuddha kRtyanI neMdha to emanI sAthe ja gaI, kAraNa ke emane pitAnA jIvananI yAdI bIjAone soMpavAnI kazI paDI ja na hatI; paNa jeoe, aMtardaSTi havA tAM ke na hovA chatAM agara ochIvattI hovA chatAM, lekakAryamAM pitAnA prayatnane phALe ApeluM hatuM enI naidha ApaNuM sAme vAlipimAM lakhAyelI che-ekavAranI mAMsabhejI ane madyapAthI janasamAjamAM je mAMsa ane madha taraphanI aruci athavA tenA sevanamAM adharmabuddhi utpanna thaI che, tenuM zreya kAMI sAdhusaMsthAne bhAge ochuM nathI. sAdhusaMsthAnuM rAtadivasa eka kAma te cAlyA ja karatuM ke teo jyAM jAya tyAM sAta vyasananA tyAgane zabdathI ane jIvanathI padArthapATha zIkhave. mAMsane tiraskAra, dArUnI ghaNuM ane vyabhicAranI apratiSThA tema ja brahmacaryanuM bahumAna-ATaluM vAtAvaraNa lekamAnasamAM utAravAmAM jaina sAdhusaMsthAne asAdhAraNa phALe che enI koI nA pADI zake nahi. [aciM- bhA. 1, pR. 41ra-416] [3] tIrthasaMsthA jyAM dhArmika AtmAone kAMI paNa saMbaMdha rahyo hoya, agara jyAM kudaratI suMdaratA hoya athavA e bemAMthI eke na hoya chatAM jyAM kAIpaisAdAre puSkaLa nANuM kharacI imAratanI, sthApatyanI, mUrtinI ke evI kAMI vizeSatA ANI hoya tyAM ghaNebhAge tIrtha UbhAM thaI jAya che. gAma ane zahero uparAMta samudrataTa, nadIkAMThe, bIjAM jaLAzo ane nAnAmoTA pahADa e ja moTebhAge tIrtha tarIke prasiddha che. jaina tIrtho jaLAzaya pAse nathI AvyAM ema te nathI ja; suMdara tIrtho gaMgA jevI mahatI nadIne kinAre ane bIjA jaLAzaya pAse AvelAM che. tema chatAM sthAna paratve jaina tIrthonI khAsa vizeSatA pahADanI pasaMdagImAM che. pUrva hiMdustAna ke pazcima hiMdustAna, dakSiNa
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________________ 240 jainadharmane prANa jalana hiMdustAna ke uttara hiMdustAna-jyAM jAo tyAM jenAM pradhAna tIrtho TekarIo ane pahADanI upara ja AvelAM che. mAtra vetAMbara saMpradAya ja nahi paNa digaMbara saMpradAya sudhdhAMnI sthAna para khAsa pasaMdagI pahADonI ja che. jyAM tAMbarone jarA paNa saMbaMdha nathI, avarajavara nathI evAM keTalAka khAsa digaMbaronAM tIrtho dakSiNa hiMdustAnamAM che, ane te paNa pahADI bhAgamAM AvelAM che. A uparathI eTaluM ja phalita thAya che ke tIrthanA prANabhUta saMtapuruSonuM mana kevAM kevAM sthAnomAM vadhAre lAgatuM, ane teo kaI jAtanAM sthAno pasaMda karatA. vaLI bhaktavarga che ke manuSyamAtra che, temane ekAMta ane kudaratI suMdaratA kevI game che e paNa e tIrthasthAnonA vikAsa uparathI jANI zakAya che. game teTaluM bhegamaya ane dhamAliyuM jIvana gALyA pachI paNa chevaTe, athavA vacce vacce kyAreka kyAreka, mANasa ArAma ane AnaMda mATe kayAM ane kevAM sthAna tarapha dRSTi doDAve che e ApaNe tIrthasthAnonI pasaMdagI uparathI jANI zakIe chIe. tIrthonA vikAsamAM mUrti pracArane vikAsa che ane mUrti pracAranI sAthe ja mUrti nirmANakaLA tema ja sthApatyakaLA saMkaLAyelAM che. ApaNuM dezanA sthApatyamAM je vizeSatAo ane je mohakatAo che te tIrtha sthAne ane mUrtipUjAne ja mukhyapaNe AbhArI che. bhogasthAnomAM sthApatya AvyuM che kharuM, paNa tenuM mULa dharmasthAna ane tIrthasthAnamAM ja che. devadravyanA rakSaNanI suMdara vyavasthA jenenA tIrtho e kAMI be-pAMca ke daza nathI paNa seMkaDanI saMkhyAmAM, ane te paNa dezanA koI eka ja bhAgamAM nahi, paraMtu jyAM jAo tyAM cAretarapha maLI Ave che. e ja eka vakhatanA jaina samAjanA vistArane purAvo che. jaina tIrthonI khAsa eka saMsthA ja che. gharamaMdira ane taddana khAnagI mAlikInAM maMdirone bAjue mUkIe te paNa jenA upara nAnAmeTA saMdhanI mAlikI heya, dekharekha heya
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________________ cAra saMsthAo 241 evAM saMdhamAlikInAM maMdironA nAnAmoTA bhaMDAra hoya che. e bhaMDAromAM nANunuM khAsuM bhaMDoLa hoya che, je devadravya kahevAya che. emAM zaMkA nathI ke A devadravya ekaThuM karavAmAM tenI sArasaMbhALa rAkha. vAmAM ane te bharapAI na jAya te mATe cAMpatA ilAjo levAmAM jaina saMghe khUba cAturI ane ImAnadArI vAparI che. hiMdustAnamAMnA bIjA koI saMpradAyane devadravyamAM jene saMpradAyanA devadravya jeTalI cekhavaTa tame bhAgye ja jaze. e ja rIte devadravya enA udeza sivAya bIje kyAMya kharcAya nahi, veDaphAya nahi ane koI ene pacAvI na jAya e mATe paNa jaina saMghe eka naitika ane vyAvahArika suMdara vAtAvaraNa UbhuM karyuM che. jANavA jevI bAbate tIrthasaMsthA sAthe mUrtine, maMdira, bhaMDArane ane saMdha nIkaLavAne, e cAra bhAre manoraMjaka ane mahattvanA ItihAsa che. lAkaDA, dhAtu ane paththare mUrti ane maMdiramAM kevI kevI rIte, kyA kayA jamAnAmAM, kevo ke bhAga bhajavyo, eka pachI bIjI avasthA kevI kevI rIte AvatI gaIbhaMDAromAM avyavasthA ane garabaDa kevI rIte AvyAM ane tenI jagyAe pAchI vyavasthA ane niyaMtraNa kevI rIte zarU thayAM, najIkanAM ane dUranAM tIrthomAM hajAro ane lAkha mANasanA saMdhe yAtrAe kevI rIte jatA ane enI sAthe e zuM zuM kAma karatA-e badho datihAsa bhAre jANavA jevo che. - tyAga, zAMti ane viveka keLavavAnI preraNAmAMthI ja ApaNe tIrtho UbhAM karyA che ane tyAM javAne tathA tenI pAchaLa zakti, saMpatti ane samaya kharcavAne ApaNe uddeza paNa e ja che. [aciM. mAtra 1, pR. 405-408] [4] jJAnasaMsthA-jJAna bhaMDAra jyAM mAnavajAta che tyAM jJAnane Adara sahaja heya ja che,
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________________ jainadharmanA prANu 242 ane hiMdustAnamAM te jJAnanI pratiSThA dvArA varSathI cAlI Ave che. brAhmaNa ane zramaNa soMpradAyanI gaheMgA-yamunAnI dhArAo mAtra vizALa jJAnanA paTa upara ja vahetI AvI che, ane vahe jAya che. bhagavAna mahAvIranu' tapa eTale bIjuM kAMI ja nahi, paNa jJAnanI UMDI zeAdha, je zodha mATe emaNe tana tAthu, rAtadivasa na gaNyAM ane temanI je UMDI zeAdha jANavA-sAMbhaLavA hajAro mANasonI medanI temanI sAme UbharAtI, te zeAdha e ja jJAna, ane enA upara ja bhagavAnanA pathanuM maMDANu che. jJAna ane tenAM sAdhana ne mahimA e nAne zruta ane Agama nAma dhAraNa karyuM, emAM umerA paNa thayA ane spaSTatAo paNa thatI cAlI. jema jema e zruta ane AgamanA mAnasarovarane kinAre jijJAsu haseA vadhAre ane vadhAre AvatA gayA tema tema e jJAnane mahimA vadhatA cAlyeA. e mahimAnI sAthe ja e jJAnane mRta karanAra enA sthULa sAdhanAne paNa mahimA vadhatA cAlyeA. sIdhI rIte jJAna sAcavavAmAM madada karanAra pustaka pAnAM ja nahi, paNa tenA kAmamAM AvanAra tADapatra, lekhaNu, zAhIneA paNu jJAnanA jeTalA ja Adara thavA lAgyA. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e pothIpAnAnAM baMdhane, tene rAkhavA mUkavA ane khAMdhavAnAM upakaraNo paNa bahu ja satkArAvA lAgyAM. jJAna ApavA ane meLavavAmAM jeTalu puNyakAryuM, teTaluM ja jJAnanAM sthULa upakaraNAne ApavA ane levAmAM puNyakArya manAvA lAgyuM. jJAnabhaMDArAnI sthApanA ane tenA vikAsa eka bAju zAstrasaMgraha ane lakhANanA vadhatA jate mahimA ane khIjI bAju saMpradAyeAnI jJAna viSenI harIphAI o--A khe kAraNene lIdhe pahelAMnI ekavAranI meDhe cAlI AvatI jJAnasaMsthA AkhI ja pheravAI gaI ane moTA meTA bhaMDArarUpamAM dekhA devA lAgI.
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________________ cAra saMsthAo 243 dareka gAma ane zaheranA saMdhane ema lAge ja ke amAre tyAM jJAnabhaMDAra ho ja joIe. dareka tyAgI sAdhu paNa jJAnabhaMDAranI rakSA ane vRddhimAM ja dharmanI rakSA mAnato thaI gayo. pariNAme AkhA dezamAM, eka cheDethI bIjA cheDA sudhI, jaina jJAnasaMsthA bhaMDArarUpe vyavasthita thaI gaI. bhaMDAre pustakathI UbharAtA cAlyA. pustakamAM paNa vividha viSayonuM ane vividha saMpradAyanuM jJAna saMdharAtuM gayuM. saMdhanA bhaMDAre, sAdhunA bhaMDAra ane vyakitagata mAlikInA paNa bhaMDAra-ema bhagavAnanA zAsanamAM bhaMDAra, bhaMDAra ane bhaMDAra ja thaI gayA ! enI sAthe ja moTo lekhakavarga Ubhe the, lekhanakaLA vikAsa pAmI ane abhyAsI varga paNa bhAre vaLe. chApavAnI kaLA ahIM AvI na hatI tyAre paNa koI eka navo graMtha racAyo ke tarata ja tenI seMkaDo nakale thaI jatI ane dezanA badhe khUNe vidvAnamAM vahecAI jatI. A rIte jaina saMpradAyamAM jJAnasaMsthAnI gaMgA avicchinnapaNe vahetI AvI che. jJAna taraphanI jIvatI jene bhaktine pariNAme Aje paNa e bhaMDAro eTalA badhA che ane emAM eTaluM badhuM vividha tema ja jUnuM sAhitya che ke tene abhyAsa karavA mATe vidvAne paNa ochA paDe che. paradezanA ane A dezanA keDIbaMdha dhake ane vidvAnoe A bhaMDAranI pAchaLa varSo gALyAM che ane emAMnI vastu tathA ene prAcIna rakSAbaMdha joI teo cakita thayA che. brAhmaNa ane jaina bhaMDAre vacce phera brAhmaNa saMpradAyanA ane jaina saMpradAyanA bhaMDAro vacce eka phera che, ane te e ke brAhmaNanA bhaMDAro vyaktinI mAlikInA hoya che, jyAre jena bhaMDAro bahudhA saMghanI mAlikInA ja hoya che, ane kavacita vyaktinI mAlikInA heAya tyAM paNa tene sadupayoga karavA mATe te vyakita mAlika che, ane durupayoga thato hoya tyAM moTebhAge saMghanI ja satA AvIne UbhI rahe che. brAhmaNe Aso mahinAmAM ja pustake
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________________ jainadharmane prANu " saMkaDo varSothI cIna embAranAM lokakavi , mAMthI comAsAne bheja uDAvavA ane pustakanI sArasaMbhALa levA traNa divasanuM sarasvatIzayana nAmanuM parva Ujave che; jyAre jene kArtika zudI paMcamIne jJAnapaMcamI kahI te vakhate pustake ane bhaMDArone pUje che, ane e nimitte mAsAmAMthI saMbhava bagADa bhaMDArAmAMthI dUra kare che. A rIte jaina jJAnasaMsthA, je ekavAra mAtra maukhika hatI te, aneka pheraphAra pAmatI pAmatI, ane ghaTADe vadhAre ane aneka vividhatA anubhavatI anubhavatI Aje mUrtarUpe ApaNI sAme che. [daaciMtra bhA. 1, pR. 373-375 ] jaina bhaMDAranI asAMpradAyika daSTi seMkaDe varSothI Thera Thera sthApana thayelA moTA moTA jaina jJAnabhaMDAramAM phakta jaina zAstronuM ke adhyAtmazAstranuM ja saMpraha-saMrakSaNa nathI thayuM, babbe enI bhArata aneka prakAranAM laukika zAstronuM asAMpradAyika dRSTie saMgraha saMrakSaNa paNa thayuM che. vaidaka, tiSa, maMtrataMtra, saMgIta, sAmudrikazAstra, bhASAzAstra, kAvya, nATaka, purANa, alaMkAra ane kathAca tema ja badhAM darzanenAM mahatvanAM zAstra badhAMnuM jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM kevaLa saMgraha saMrakSaNa ja nathI thayuM, bake enA adhyayana ane adhyApana dvArA keTalAka viziSTa vidhAnae evI pratibhAmUlaka navI kRtionI racanA karI ke je bIje durlabha che, ane maulika kahI zakAya evI che. jaina jJAnabhaMDAremAMthI evA graMthe paNa upalabdha thayA che, je bauddha vagere anya paraMparAonA che, ane Aje duniyAnA bIjA koI paNa bhAgamAM mULa svarUpe hajI sudhI upalabdha thayA nathI. [daauciM0 naM0 2, 50 518-19]