Bole Bandhnarni Kathao

Author(s): Hasu Yagnik
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229613/1

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maukhika ane likhita paramparAo sandarbha bole bAMdhanAranI kathAo hasu yAjJika jaina kathA-sAhityanAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhityakSetre mahattvanAM be yogadAna che. paheluM to o ke Ane kAraNe aka bolAtI bhASAnuM likhita sAhityakRtinA mAdhyama tarIkenuM svarUpa ghaDAyuM, svIkArAyuM ane supratiSThita ane sthira thayu. bIjuM AvaM ja mahattvanuM yogadAna o ke AnA kAraNe ja saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMzAdi bhASAomAM je mahattvanI rasaprada kathAo hatI te madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM AvI te sAthe ja A pravAhamA samakAlIna ovI mukhaparamparAnI kathAo, paNa likhita rUpa baMdhAyu. ahIM vizeSa noMdhapAtra ane kathAsAhityanA abhyAsIo khAsa dhyAnamA rAkhavA jevI vAta o che ke, jyAre koI paNa mukhaparamparAnI kathAnuM likhita rUpamAM dastAvejIkaraNa thAya che tyAre anuM lokavidyAFolklore mAMthI praziSTamAM sthAnAntara-rUpAntara thAya che, anuM caMcaLa ane pharatuMtaratuM Floating arbu rUpa nizcita zabdo dharAvatA pATha Text vALu bane che, pAtra-sthaLa-ghaTanA sunizcita ane sthira bane che. Ama chatAM, AvI kathAo, maukhika paramparAmAM to sAtatyathI, keTalAMka rUpAntaro-parivartano sAthe paNa potAnuM astitva TakAvI rAkhe che. Adhunika kALe dastAvejI rUpa pAmelI koI paNa lokakathAnAM kathAnakane, anAM koi rUpAntarane koI saMskRta, prAkRta, pAli bhASAnA kathAgranthamAM joio chIo, tyAre tAravIo chIo ke amuka AjanI kaNThaparamparAnI lokakathAnAM kuLamULa saMskRta ke prAkRtamAM che ! AQ kahIo, mAnI-manAvIo tyAre paNa khAsa lakSamA rAkhavA jevI bAbata o che ke Avo saMskRta-prAkRta-pAli kathAgrantha kaMi o kathAno mULa srota Origin nathI, kemake, o granthamAM paNa AvI kathA, ante to te samayanI kaNThaparamparAmAMthI ja levAmAM AvI hoya che. dRSTAnta ApIne spaSTa karIo to Adhunika kALanI kaNThaparamparAmAMthI likhita dastAvejI rUpa pAmelI oDhA jAma ane hothala padamaNInI kathAmAM mULa ApaNe 'Rgveda' dazama maNDaLamAM saMvAdasUktarUpe jaLavAyelI pururavA-urvazInI premakathAmAM joio chIo, te paNa kaMi A kathAno

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anusandhAna 50 (2) Adisrota nathI. vedamAM paNa te kathA to te samayanI kaNThaparamparAmAMthI AvI che. ane vedanI racanAkALe paNa kaNThapravAhamAM je kathA hatI te paNa bhAratayuropIya kuLanI apsarA ane mAnava vaccenAM prema ane zaratI lagnanI koi mULa kathAnAM rUpAntare astitva dharAvatI prAcInatama kathA hatI. anuM mULa kathA-mALaYa Arne ane sTItha thomsananA Story-type Index mAM che. A kathAnAM vividha rUpAntaro ane saMkramaNanI savIgata carcA TonI-penjharakRta kathAsaritsAgaranA aMgrejI bhASAntaramAM che. tAtparya aTaluM ja ke (1) je kathAnAM mULa pramANe saMskRta-prAkRtAdi bhASAonA koI granthamAM hovAnuM jaNAvIo chIo te paNa kaMi sambandhita kathAnuM udbhava-mULa, Adi srota, origin nathI, kemake granthamAM paNa te kathA tatkAlIna kaNThapravAhamAMthI ja levAmAM AvI hoya che ane (2) AvI rIte paNa kaNThapravAhanI koi kathA likhita dastAvejI rUpa pAmI 'niyatazAbdI' aTale ke jeno pATha - Text - nizcita che ovI bane cha, Lore rUpe je taratuM Floating ane parivartanazIla o caMcaLa che,anuneya Flexible che te nizcita - Fixed ane sthira - static bane che, o pachI paNa AvI kathA ane anA vividha rUpAntaro kaNTha dvArA kahevAtI lokakathA tarIkepotAnuM astitva TakAvI rAkhe che tathA pradeza ane bhASAbhede tenAM vividha rUpAntaro jovA maLe che. premakathA ane cAturyakathA avA be mukhya prakAromAM prAcInatama mULanI kathAo cheka vIsamI sadInA anta sudhInI kaNTha paramparAmAM astitva dharAvatI jovA maLe che. ahIM, cAturyakathAno ja oka vizeSa prakAra 'bole bAMdhanAra'nAM kathAnako vize carcA karavAno upakrama che. 'bole bAMdhavU' aTale bolanAranA zabdane pakaDI laI, anukULa hoya ovA bhaLatA arthane anusaravaM. Ama thatAM bolanAra ApattimAM mukAya ne sAmI vyaktinI guno karyAnI phariyAda sAme nirdoSa puravAra thAya ane chUTI jAya, sajA na pAme. AvA bole bAMdhanAramAM paNa mukhya be prakAra cha : amAM pahelo prakAra ovo che ke bolane vaLaganArano potAno hetu kaMI sAmI vyaktine chetarIne aMgata svArtha siddha karavAno hoto nathI. kyAreka niyati ke paristhitivaza athavA to bAghAIne kAraNe bolanAra- ahita thatuM hoya che - pAlinI 'grAmINa caNDa' ane onAM rUpAntaromAM o jovA maLe che. bIjo prakAra ovo che jemAM bolathI bAMdhI

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mArca 2010 laIne sAmI vyaktine khADAmAM utAranArano hetu kAM to kevaLa TIkhaLa karavAno, mazkarImajAka karavAno hoya che athavA to koine cAlAkIthI dhUtI laI aMgata svArtha siddha karavAno hoya che - kaNThapravAhanI pro. DaoN. zAntibhAI AcArye ApelI 'TaNaka''nI kathA tathA prAkRtamAM maLatI vacanasAra ane cipiTanAsa kathAmAM se jovA maLe che. ukta kathAonA sandarbha ane sAra A pramANe che : pAli bhASAnA 'jAtakakathA' nA trIjA khaNDanA saMkalpa vargamAM 257mI 'gAmaNIcaNDa' nI kathA che. bhagavAna buddhanA vArANasInA rAjA AdAsamukha tarIkenA pUrvabhava sAthe A kathA sAMkaLavAmAM AvI che. rAjanA kArabhArathI nivRtta thayelA gAmaNIcaNDa bheTale ke mukhIo potAnA gAmamAM jAte khetIkAma saMbhALyuM. mitra pAsethI se baLada lai Avyo. kAma pUruM thatAM udhAra mAgelA baLadane soMpavA gayo, tyAre mitra jamato hovAthI baLadane khIle bAMdhI jato rahyo rAte baLadanI corI thatAM mitra gAmaNIcaNDanA gaLe paDyo : 'mAro baLada mane pAcho Apa. tuM mane soMpI gayo nathI.' gAmaNIcaNDe geravAjabI mAgaNI na svIkArI thI mitre te samayanA rivAja pramANe gAmaNIcaNDanA hAthamAM ThIkaraM pakaDAvyuM ane nyAya mATe rAjadvAre laI gayo. 63 vArANasI jatAM mArgamAM te oka gAmamAM Avyo ane tyAM rahetA mitrane maLavA gayo. mitranI patnIo jamIne javAno Agraha karyo ane anAja kADhavA koThIo caDatAM nIce paDI ne garbhapAta thayo. ghare AvelA mitre AnI jANa thatAM garbhapAtanI nukazAnI mAgI ane te paNa phariyAdI tarIke joDAyo. vacce pANIno dhodha AvatAM be khoTI phariyAdathI trAselo gAmaNIcaMDa ApaghAta karavA pahADI rastA parathI dhodhamAM paDyo paraMtu dhodhanA badale kAMThe kapaDAM dhotA vRddha vaNakara para paDyo ane vaNakara marI jatAM ano putra paNa trIjA phariyAdI tarIke joDAyo. rastAmAM potAnA bhAgatA ghoDAnI pAchaLa doDI ane pakaDavA mathato savAra maLyo. oNe bhAgatA ghoDAne dhoko mArI aTakAvavA kayuM. oma karavA jatAM ghoDo laMgaDo thayo ne cothA phariyAdI tarIke ghoDAvALo joDAyo. vArANasI jatAM rastAmAM pANDurogI zeTha, jenI dhIkhatI kamANI baMdha

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64 anusandhAna 50 (2) paDI che evI vezyA, piyaramAM ke sAsarAmAM kyAMya gamatuM nathI ovI navavadhU, dubaLo hoya tyAre bhoNamAMthI nIkaLatAM muzkelI paDe ane jamIne puSTa thayo hoya to paNa sahelAithI pravezI zake ovo nAga, mAtra eka ja vRkSa nIcenuM khaDa caravAnuM bhAvatuM hatuM ovuM haraNa, lokoo jenuM pUjana karavAnuM choDI dIdhuM ovA vanadevatA, smRtibhraMzano roga acAnaka thai Avelo ovo chAtra vagere maLyA ane o sahuo 'AdAsamukha jevA buddhizALI ane nyAyI rAjAne maLavA jAva cho tyAre amArAM paNa du:khanAM kAraNa-vAraNa jANatA Avajo' oma gAmaNIcaNDane jaNAvyuM. ante gAmaNIcaNDa vArANasI pahoMcyo. bAlavayano paraMtu catura ane buddhizALI rAjA AdAsamukha potAnA jUnA mukhIne oLakhI gayo phariyAda sAMbhaLI nyAya toLavA jaNAvyuM : 1. mukhIo hAthohAtha udhAra mAgelA baLadane soMpyo athI onA hAtha kApI levA, paraMtu mAlike baLada anAM sthAne baMdhAto joI zakAto hovA chatAM onI AMkhe na joyo athI AMkho phoDI nAkhavI. 2. garbhapAtano bhoga banelI potAnI patnIne phariyAdIo gAmaNIcaNDane soMpI devI ane tene garbhavatI banAvIne mULa mAlikane soMpavI. 3. phariyAdIo bApa gumAvyo che tethI gAmaNIcaNDe vRddha mRtakanI patnI sAthe lagna karavA jethI yuvAna vaNakarane mAgaNI pramANe bApa maLe. 4. ghoDAvALAne laMgaDAne badale sAjo ghoDo rAja apAvaze paraMtu game tema karIne ghoDAne rokavAnuM kahenAra phariyAdInI jIbha kApI levI - cAre phariyAdIoo potAnI phariyAda pAchI kheMcI lIdhI ane daNDanI rakama gAmaNIcaNDane ApavAmAM AvI. mukhI, gaNikA, grAmavadhU, nAga, haraNa, vanadevatA, chAtra vagerenAM duHkhadardanAM kAraNa-vAraNa ApatAM rAjAo jaNAvyuM : 1. dharmAnusAra nyAya karavAnuM choDatAM mukhI pANDurogI banyo che. 2. jenuM dhana le anI sevA karavAnuM mUkIne managamatAM hoya amane ja sukhasevA ApavAne kAraNe gaNikA pAse grAhako jatA nathI. 3. sAsarA ane piyaranAM gAmanI vacce navavadhUno pUrvapremI vase che athI kyAMya goThatuM nathI. 4. bhoNamAM dhana che tene sAcavavAnI paLojaNa - cIvaTane kAraNe nIkaLatAM kSINakAya avasthAmAM muzkelI paDe che. 5. je vRkSanuM ghAsa caravuM game che tenA para madhapUDo che. 6. vanadevatA rakSaka maTI jatAM pUjAtA baMdha thayA. 7.

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mArca 2010 samayabhAna vagarano kUkaDo bAjumAM hovAthI game tyAre bole che ne chAtra jAgI jatAM UMgha pUrI thatI nathI, tethI smRtibhraMzano bhoga banyo che. jAtakanI A kathAmAM 1. panotIkathA ane 2. vidhAtAnI zodhamAM (jemAM zItaLAkathA, zAmaLakRta 'rUpAvatI'nI vikramakathA) oma be kathAnakonuM saMyojana thayuM che. ane jenuM citta svaccha arIsA jevU hoya anA cittamAM sAIM zuM ne khoTuM zeM, anuM pratibiMba sAhajika rUpe ja upase che, ovA rAjAnA nyAyapUrNa cAturyane A kathAmAM AlekhavAno hetu che. AthI, bAlyakALamAM paNa onAmAM kevA-keTalAM nyAyabuddhi-cAturya hatAM, te darzAvatI kathAo paNa, prastuta kathAnA ArambhamAM che. pracalita lokakathAono aucitya ane sUjhabharyo saMmizrita viniyoga ahIM jovA maLe che. _A ja kathA prAkRta bhASAnA 'upadezapada'mAM vainayikI buddhinAM goNa nAmanA dvAramA nirbhAgInI kathAmAM maLe che. (pUrNa vIgata-sandarbha mATe juo : Ananda-hema-granthamAlA puSpa : 18, prA. upadezapada mahAgranthano gUrjara anuvAda, anuvAdaka-sampAdaka A. zrIhemasAgarasUri, I. 1972, pR. 122,123) amAM maLatI kathA pramANe nirbhAgIo mitra pAsethI baLada mAgI khetI karI baLada pAcho lAvI khIle bAMdhI gayo. baLada corAyo. mitra phariyAdI banI nirbhAgIne rAjadvAre DhasaDI gayo. rastAmAM ghoDAvALI ghaTanA banI, ApaghAta karavA jatAM naTono mukhI maryo. mantrIle nyAya toLatAM AgaLanI kathAmAM che tema phariyAdInA netra phoDavA ane ghoDAvALAnI jIbha kApavA jaNAvyaM. ane naTanA mukhInA motane badale koi naTe paNa ApaghAta karavA gaLe dorI nAkhI nirbhAgI para paDavU, avo cukAdo Apyo. A ja kathA gujarAta pradezanA bhAlakAMThAnA pradezamAM lokakathArUpe kaNThapravAhamAM vIsamI sadInA antabhAgamAM paNa jovA maLe cha jenuM likhitarUpa zrIjorAvarasiMha jAdave 'sADA traNa di'nI panotI'nI kathAmAM ApyuM che. (vIgata mATe juo : jorAvarasiMha jAdavanI zreSTha lokakathAo, saM. DaoN. hasu yAjJika, gUrjara grantha kAryAlaya, amadAvAda, I. 2004, pR. 6 (prastAvanA) tathA pR. 88 thI 95) amAM AlekhAyelI vigata pramANe oka jugArIne jozIle bhAre panotInI asaravALA sADA traNa divasa bahAra na nIkaLavA ane koI pravRtti

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66 anusandhAna 50 (2) na karavA kahyuM. paraMtu jugArano zokhIna paThANa sAthe jugAra ramyo ne kazuM ja na rahetA udhAramAM dAva lagAvyo ane hAre to potAnA zarIranuM savAzera mAMsa ApavAnI zarata kabUla karI. jugArI hAryo ne savAzera mAMsa ApavA taiyAra na thatAM paThANa dhaMdhUkAnI darabArI korTamAM laI gayo. rastAmAM tarasa lAgatAM pIvAnuM pANI mAgI khATalAmAM beTho ne onA bhArathI khATalAmAM DhabUreluM savA mahInAnuM chokara marI gayuM. AthI chokarAnI mA paNa phariyAdamAM joDAi AgaLa jatA ghoDAvALI ane paDatuM mUkavA jatA vRddhanA Akasmika motanI ghaTanA ghaTI. ane te be paNa phariyAdamAM joDAyA. ante sADA traNa divase, dhoLakAnI korTamAM pahoMcyA tyAre, panotI utarI jatAM jugArInA pAsA savaLA paDyA ne pradhAne nyAya Apyo : 1. jugArI savAzera mAMsa Ape ne paThANa talavArathI kApI le paraMtu o rIte zarIramAMthI kADheluM - kApeluM mAMsa talabhAra paNa vadhavaM ghaTavuM na joio. 2. mRta bALakanI mAtAne kahevAyuM ke oNe chokaruM pAThuM meLavavA jugArI sAthai rahevuM ane garbhAdhAna karAvI gumAveluM santAna pAluM meLavavuM. 3. ghoDAvALAo jIbhathI ghoDuM rokavA kaheluM athI phariyAda karanAranI gunegAra avI jIbha kApavI ane ghoDAne apaMga banavAno guno karanAra jugArIno hAtha kApavo. 4. mRta vRddha puruSa (bAbAsAheba) pAchA meLavavA mATe dAvedAra badhAo vArApharatI sAtame mALathI jugArInI jema kUdI paDavuM, oma karatAM je bace te bAbAsAheba : cAre ye phariyAda pAchI kheMcI lIdhI ane daNDa bharI dIdho. ahIM joI zakAze ke 'jAtakakathA' tathA 'upadezapada' mAM je kathA che te ja vIsamI sadInI bhAlakAMThAnI kaNThaparamparAmAM che. pAli bhASAnI jAtakakathAmAM mULabhUta to panotInI ja lokakathA likhitarUpamAM vizeSarUpa pAmI che. nasIba vAMkA hoya che tyAre to bhoMmAMthI paNa bhAlA nIkaLe che, anuM ja A dRSTAnta che. oTale ja kadAca 'upadeza - pada'nA vivRttikAre A dRSTAntakathAnA pAtrane 'nirbhAgI' ja kahyo che- abhAgiyAnI ja A kathA che. karavA jAya che se koi kahe ane anusarIne savaLaM, paNa bhAgyavaza paDe badhuM ja avaLaM ! AvuM thatAM nirdoSane doSita TharavuM paDe che, paraMtu, kathAno uttarArdha ane nyAya apAve che, khoTI phariyAda karanArane pATha bhaNAve che. AthI, panotIne kAraNe ke badanasIbane kAraNe jene akAraNa gunegAra banavuM paDe che tene rAjA ke mantrI, cAturyathI nyAya

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mArca 2010 apAve che. A kAraNe ja tattvataH be bhinna ane svatantra avAM kathAnako saMkaLAtAM kathAnuM oka avuM rUpa baMdhAya che, je anI pUrNakathA tarIkenI atUTa ovI paramparA UbhI kare che. ahIM vizeSa noMdhapAtra se che ke pAli ane prAkRtamAM paNa jenuM astitva che avI prAcInamULanI kathA gujarAtanA gohilavADanI kaNThaparamparAmAM maLe che. bole bAMdhanAranI je vacanasAra - cipiTanAsanI kathA che teno paNa prAdezika srota dhaMdhukA ja che. uttarArdhamAM te kathAo joIo. omAM mukhya pAtra che te panotIgrasta ke abhAgiyA jevuM sAlasa - nirdoSa nathI paraMtu kAM to 'TaNaka' athavA 'dhUrta' che. o aMgata hetuthI, svArthathI, sAmI vyaktine bolathI bAMdhIne vivaza banAve che. 67 kevaLa TIkhaLa-majAka mATe ja bolanAranA zabdono potAne anukULa ovo artha karavAnI zabdadaLanI yukti laMkA - kANDanI prAkRtabhASAmAM maLatI kathAmAM maLe che. nemicandra gaNio I. 1073 thI 1083nA gALAmAM prAkRtagrantha 'AkhyAnaka-maNi-koza'nI racanA karI tenA para I. 1134 mAM AmradevasUrio dhoLakAmAM vRttI racI temAM A kathA maLe che. (vizeSa vIgata - sandarbha mATe juo 'AkhyAnaka-maNi-koza' AkhyAnaka 106, pR. 285-286 athavA 'lokakathAnAM mULa ane kuLa' DaoN. harivallabha cU. bhAyANI, pArzva prakAzana, amadAvAda : 1990 pR. 165 thI 167) ano kathAsAra A pramANe che : patnI sAthe aNabanAva thatAM aka yuvAna paradeza javA nIkaLyo. rastAmAM mahiyArIo maLI aNe vATa khuTADavA, rasanA relA cAle ovI vAta karavA kahyuM. AthI hArabaMdha, mAthe dahIM bharelI maTukIo laine cAlatI mahiyArIo ADe potAno paga nAkhyo. tereya mahiyArIo gothu khAI gaI ane mAthe mUkelI maTukIonAM dahIMnA relA cAlyA. pariNAme lAMbo jhaghaDo thayo, pravAsa pUro thatAM gAmamAM pahoMcyAM tyAre yuvAne kahyuM : 'juo, jhaghaDo karIne ane rasanA relA cAle ovI vAta karIne meM tamArA kahevA pramANe vATa khuTADI. ' Ama kahI te chaTakI gayo ane vezyAvAsamAM rokAyo. rAte oka gharaDI vezyAo rAmAyaNanI laMkAkANDanI vAta kahevA jaNAvyaM. yuvAne pUchyuM : 'laMkAkANDanI vAta kahuM ke te pratyakSa batAvuM ?" DozI bolI : 'pratyakSa batAva.' AthI yuvAne, 'jo huM tane hanumAne mukko mArIne

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68 anusandhAna 50 (2) rAvaNanA mugaTanAM motI kevI rIte kheravelAM te batAe~' oma kahIne bUDhInA moDhe mukko mArI anA dAMta pADI nAkhyA ane 'laMkAkANDa pratyakSa batAvu' kahI dIvAnI jhALe DozI- ghara saLagAvyuM. ___mahiyAraNo ane DozIo rAjAne yuvAna viruddha phariyAda karatAM yuvAne bacAva karyo : 'meM to emaNe jema kaheluM tema karyu.' A kathAnA sandarbhamAM DaoN. bhAyANIo noMdhyuM che : 'A vArtA koi tatkAlIna lokapracalita kathAmAMthI AmradevasUrio lIdhI hovAnuM jaNAya che.' (pR. 166) DaoN. bhAyANInI A sambhAvanA, A ja prAdezika kSetramAthI DaoN. zAntibhAI AcArye 'TaNaka'nI je vArtAo dhvanimudrita karI tethI puSTa thAya che. AmradevasUri kathAnA AlekhanamAM paNa keTalIka cUka kare che ane vArtAmAM rahelI kathAyuktinI coTa barAbara upasatI nathI. te darzAvIne paNa DaoN. bhAyANI 'kathAmAM khUTatI ke nabaLI kaDI kathAkAranI parAzritatA vyakta kare che.' (pR. 166) avo abhiprAya Ape che, oTale ke lakhanAre sAMbhaLelI avI, kaNThapravAhanI racanAno ahIM AdhAra lIdho che. bole bAMdhIne, anyanA zabdono potAnA svArtha mATe bhaLato artha dhUrtakathAmAM jovA maLe che. 11mI sadImAM racAyelA vardhamAnasUrikRta prAkRtabhASAnA 'manoramAkathA'mAM (zrIrUpendrakumAra pagAriyAnA sampAdanamAM ala.DI. InsTiTyUTa dvArA I. 1987mAM prakAzita) vacanasAra ane cipiTanAsa nAmanA be duSTa ane krUra prakRti dharAvatA dhUrtAnI kathA maLe che. (pR. 259-262). amAM bole bAMdhanArano hetu mAtra TIkhaLano nathI paraMtu anyane dhUtavAno che. amAM maLatI kathAyukti gaI sadImAM paNa pracalita ane likhitarUpamAM dastAvejIkaraNa pAmelI lokakathAmAM maLe che. prAkRtamAM je kathAyukti che te A pramANe che : (sandarbhavizeSa vIgata mATe 'lokakathAnAM mULa ane kuLa', pR. 80 thI 83) dhUrta vacanasAre, ThaMDImAM jenuM cIMeM paNa pAse rAkhavAthI TADha na vAya ovo camatkArI dhAbaLo oka vepArIne pAMcaso sonAmahoramAM vecyo ane nagara choDIne jatAM rastAmAM bakaro kharIdyo. sAmethI aka bApune AvatAM joi bakarAnI pAchaLa 49 sonAmahorano Dhagalo karI, pacAzamI sonAmahora bakarAnI pUMThe lagADI bakarA para caDI kAna AmaLavA lAgyo. bApuo najIka AvI bakarA para trAsa

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mArca 2010 gujAravA, kAraNa pUchatAM vacanasAra bolyo : 'bakaro roja pacAza sonAmahora hage che, Aja oka ochI hagyo !' bApuo pUMTha para coTelI joI vacanasArane ApI ane lobha-lAlacavaza hajAramA bakaro kharIdyo. bIje divase sonAmahorane badale mAtra lIMDI maLatA bApu vacanasAra pAse gayA to vacanasAre kahyu : 'bakarAnI pUMThe A cipiTanAsanA kAnano mela lagADo to ja bakaro pacAza sonAmahora hage !' lAlacu bApuo hajAra sonAmahora ApI cIbAnA kAnano mela paNa kharIdyo. amAM chetarAyA che ono anubhava karI dhuMvAphUMvA thatA bApuo vacanasArane mAravA lIdho tyAre eNe pharI yukti karIne 'bUDhIne mAro to javAna thAya' avo camatkArI lAliyo dhoko padharAvyo. bApuo gharaDAM ThakarANAMne juvAna karavA dhokAvyAM ne ThakarANAnAM hADakAM bhAMgyAM ne dhUtArA vacanasArane pakaDavA gayA ne kothaLAmAM pUrI DubADavA gayA. paraMtu haraNuM jotAM bApunI DADha DaLakI te kothaLo mUkI bApu pAchaLa doDyA. AvI caDelA bharavADe vacanasArane mukta karyo to vacanasAra bolyo : 'mAre paraNavU nathI, toya mAro bApa mane paraNAvavA mAge che.' bharavADa bhoLavAyo, potAno mAla dhUtArAne soMpI kothaLe pUrAyo, dhUtAro bharavADano mAla laI AgaLa nIkaLI gayo. haraNa pAchaLa gayelA bApu pAchA AvyA ne kothaLAne nadImA DubADI AgaLa cAlyA to amane mAla cArato vacanasAra maLyo. aNe kA : 'nadIno yakSa prasanna thayo ne mane mAla Apyo.' lAlacu bApu jAte kothaLe purAyA ane DUbI maryA. prAkRtasrotamAM likhita dastAvejIkaraNa pAmI cUkelI dazamI-agiyAramI sadInI A kathAo anugAmI kaNThaparamparAomAM paNa cheka vIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamA potAnuM astitva TakAvI rAkhe che. lokavidyAvid-bhASAzAstrI pro. DaoN. zAntibhAI AcArye kaccha-gujarAta-saurASTranI vividha bolIo para I. 1965 thI I. 1985 sudhI sarvekSaNa karIne kAma karyu ane vividha kathakonI bolImAM kahevAyelI lokakathAone vidyApIThanA sAmayikamAM, DaoN. bhAyANI sampAdita 'vAg-vimarza'mAM ane 'sIdI-kacchI vArtAo', 'heDo vAta mAMDIje' (I. 1990) vagere pustakomAM kaNThapravAhanI kathAo ApI. tAjetaramAM ja gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada dvArA temano 'ame bolIo chIo' (i. 2009) nAmano bolI viSayaka zAstrIya grantha pragaTa thayo che temAM pAMtrIzeka jeTalI kaNTha

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70 anusandhAna 50 (2) paramparAnI lokakathAo che. amAMthI gohilavADI bolI boTAda vistAranI 'TaNaka-1', 'TaNaka-2', codharI bolInI 'bharavADo' vageremAM uparyukta prAkRtamULanI ja lokakathAonAM sthAnIya rUpAntaro maLe che. TaNaka-1nI kathAnAM DozIno dIkaro 'kAna AmaLIne paNa raDatA chokarAne sarakho besADa' kahetI mAtAnA bola pakaDI kAna AmaLI le che, 'jora dai vAMso kara' kahetA taLAvakAMThe snAna karatA DosAne jora karI taLAvamAM nAkhI de che, bhAgatI bheMzane gametema karIne rokavAnuM kahetA rabArInI bheMzane geDInA phaTake mArI nAkhe che. (pUrvavartI kathAomAM ghoDo che tenaM A sthAnIya rUpAntara che), rasanA relA cAle ovI vArtA kahevAnuM jaNAvatI bharavADaNonAM maTakA phoDe che. bhoga banelA badhAM TaNaka viruddhanI phariyAdamAM joDAya che. paTelanA ghare ghoDI laIne rAtavAso karatAM lAdamAM rUpiyA chupAvI hajAra rupiyAmAM ghoDuM phaTakArI dhUtI le che. lagna karavAnI lAlace kothaLAmAM purAto bharavADa paNa A kathAmAM che. anya je kathAonA sandarbha ApyA che temAM paNa A ja kuLa ane mULanI kathA che. bIjI oka khAsa noMdhapAtra bAbata o che ke prAkRta bhASAmAM vRtti racanAra granthakAre gujarAtanA gohilavADa sparzI dhoLakAmAMthI kaNThapravAhanI lokakathAone prAkRtabhASAmAM bAMdhI che e ja bhASA-bolIpradezakSetramAMthI vIsamI sadInA kaNThapravAhanA srotamAMthI A kathAo maLI ane likhita dastAvejIkaraNa pAmI che. AthI, spaSTa thaze ke, 1. saMskRta-prAkRta-pAli vagere bhASAonAM kathAsAhityamAM je kathAo maLe che temAM moTA bhAganI kathAo udbhavavikAsanI dRSTi to paramparAgata lokakathAo che, jemAM ono viniyoga karI likhitarUpa ApanAra granthakAroo potAnA hetu mATe jarUrI lAgatAM pheraphAro karyAM. 2. kahevAtI kathAo likhitarUpamAM lokavidyA Folklore vANI mAdhyamanA Lore mAMthI praziSTa-likhitarUpanA sAhityamAM kRtirUpa pAmIne sAhityamAM likhitasvarUpe paNa anugranthomAM AvI ane lakhanAranA hetunI dRSTile onAM rUpAntaro thatAM rahyAM (pAlinI gAmaNIcaNDanI ane prAkRtanI abhAgiyAnI kathA) 3. koi kathAnuM kaNThapravAhamAMthI likhitapravAhamA sthAnAntara thAya te pachI paNa kaNThapravAhamAM te kathAnuM sthAnagata-bolIgata-samayagata rUpAntara thatuM rahe che ane

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mArca 2010 camatkAranA tattvane kAraNe - Striking element thI potAnuM astitva TakAvI rAkhe che. dhUrtakathAomAM Striking element vizeSa hoya che, kAyama yAda rahI jAya aq hoya che ane premakathAomAM sthAnIyaraMga, saMvedana ane marmane sparzavAnI zakti vizeSa hoya che tethI lokakathAnA te prakAro sadIo sudhI potAnuM astitva TakAve che. 4. kathAyukti Story-devicethI jenA kendramAM mukhya oka sphoTa hoya ovA TkA, svayaMsampUrNa laghu kathAnaka janme che ane mUrkha, dhUrta, TaNaka, anyakAmI cAritryazithila strI avA koI aMka pAtra sAthe ja AvAM svatantra aneka kathAnako saMkaLAya che, anI zRMkhalA racAya che ane amAMthI ja zazadhara, mUladeva, ghaTa-kharpara, vacanasAra-cipiTanAsa jevAM dhUrtAnI kathAo, kAmakathAo, mugdha(mUrkha)kathAonI zRMkhalAo racAya che. 5. AvAM bhinna bhinna ghaTakonI zRMkhalAothI ja astitvamA AvelAM koi oka svatantra kathAnakano paNa vikAsa AvI bIjI ghaTanAzRMkhalAthI thAya che. 'bole bAMdhanAra'- kathAnaka potAnI rIte sampUrNa ane svayaM paryApta che, paraMtu amAM rAjA ke mantrInA cAturyanI ghaTanAonI zRMkhalA uttarArdha rUpe saMkaLAtA navA ja svatantra kathAnakano vikAsa thayo. praznagarbha kathAothI 'vetALapacIzI', prAkRtanI 'citrakAraduhitA', anA parathI ja AvelI 'arebiyana nAiTsa' jevI kathAo janmI. aka mukhya bhUmikA kathAo 'sUDA-bahoMterI' ke phArasInI, navagraharaMgI mahelamAM vasatI bhinna bhinna dezamAM janmelI-rANIo dvArA kahevAtI, 'dAstAne nuhamaMjhara' jevI kathAo janmI, ama bole-bAMdhanArarnu saMyojana rAjA ke maMtrInA cAturyanI sAthe thayu. AmAMthI ja bole-bAMdhanAra judAM-judAM pAtrone onA ja bolelA bolathI bAMdhIne nukazAnamAM utAre ane ono bhoga bananAra rAjA ke mantrIne phariyAda kare ane rAjA vA mantrI buddhicAturyathI nyAya toLe : o prakArano kathAvikAsa thayo. Ama thavAmAM kaNThapravAhane mukhya yogadAna likhitapravAhanu hoi zake. 6. Ane AdhAre oma kahI zakAya ke likhita mATeno mukhya srota kaNThapravAha che, paraMtu dvaitIyIka bhUmikAo likhitapravAha paNa kaNThapravAhane ghaDe che. 6. lokavidyA - Folk lore nuM udbhava-mULa lokamAM, ziSTamAM ke bannemA che : o sandarbhe lokavidyAvijJAnaFolk loristics mAM mukhya traNa thiyarI che. oka mAne che udbhava-mULa lokamAM che, bIjI mAne che udbhava-mULa ziSTamAM che, tyAM je janme te pachI lokabhogya, spardhya, upayogI hoya te Lore rUpe vahetuM thAya. trIjI thiyarI parAvartIya -

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72 anusandhAna 50 (2) Reversal che, je pramANe lokamAM janme, ziSTamAM pravezatAM anAM para saMskAra thAya ane nizcita rUpamAM DhaLe ne o pArcha lokamAM jAya - Reverse thAya. sAmAnya rIte thiyarI-thiyarI vacce bheda ane virodha lAge, paraMtu oka sAcI ke pravartamAna to anya sarvathA khoTI ane amAnya aq mAnavU-dhAraQ abhyAsa dRSTile khoTA mArge doranAruM che. vidyA Lore ane kalA, oka saMkula-saMmizra ghaTanA che. koI oka nizcita paristhiti nahIM paraMtu anI paNa vividhatA udbhava-vikAsamAM kAraNarUpa hoya che. AthI kalA ke onA oka prakAra tarIke sAhityanI vividha thiyarI, onA vAdo ke mato, sarvathA sampUrNa ne svIkArya ke sarvathA apUrNa ne asvIkArya na hoi zake. A ghaTanA, kaNTha ane likhitanA sambandha paratve, bolI ane bhASA jevI che. bolI ja bhASAne ghaDe che, bolInAM niyamo, anuM vyAkaraNa bolIne bhASArUpe siddha karI Ape. paraMtu dvaitIyIka bhUmikAo bhASA bolIone janmAve ane dRDha kare. janya hoya o janaka ane janaka hoya te janya bane : AvaM ahIM zakya che. kaNTha ane likhita ovA lokasAhitya ane sAhitya vacceno sambandha A prakArano che. kaNTha ane likhita vaccenA sambandhano vastuniSTha taTastha abhyAsa pramANamAM khUba ocho che. ane DaoN. bhAyANI pachI to o lagabhaga lupta che. A be bhinna chatAM samartha ane samakakSa avA pravAho-prakAronA abhyAsa-saMzodhana thAya to ja 'tathya'nI najIka pahoMcI zakAya. 1, padmAvatI baMglojha, bhAvina skUla sAme, thalateja, amadAvAda-380059