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॥ योगविंशिका ॥
मुक्खेण जोयणाओ, जोगो सब्बो वि धम्मवावारो । परिसुद्धो विन्नेओ, ठाणाइगओ विसेसेणं ॥ १॥
mukkheņa joyaṇão, jogo savvo vi dhammavāvāro | parisuddho vinneo, thanaigao visesenam ||1||
All pure religious performance is to be treated as yoga inasmuch as it connects one with. mokṣa (i. e. leads one to moksa); however, sthana etc. (to be described in the sequel) are to be particularly so treated.
ठाणुन्नत्थालंबण-रहिओ तन्तम्मि पंचहा एसो । दुगमित्थकम्मजोगो, तहा तियं नाणजोगो उ ॥२॥
thaṇunnatthalambaṇa-rahio tantammi pamcaha eso | dugamitthakammajogo, taha tiyaṁ nāṇajogo u ||2|||
According to Yoga-texts, this yoga is of five types, viz sthāna, ūrṇa (=varna), artha, ālambana and anālambana (alambana-rahita); of these the first two are of the form of a bodily performance while the remaining three are of the form of a performance characterized by knowledge.
Note: The text nowhere explicitly defines these five types of yoga, but the following points can well be deduced from the discussion that follows. It is presumed that a religious observance requires the adoption of a particular bodily pose and the utterance of a particular benedictory chant etc. on the devotee's part. Now insofar as one properly adopts the concerned bodily pose one is said to perform the sthana type of yoga while insofar as one properly utters the concerned benedictory chant etc. one is said to perform the urna type of yoga. Again, insofar as one properly grasps the meaning of the concerned benedictory chant etc. one is said to perform the artha type of yoga. Lastly, it is presumed that a relatively advanced sort of religious observance involves concentration of mind on the greatness of a venerated personage or deity. Now insofar as one concentrates one's mind on the external specialities of this personage or deity one is said to perform the alambana type of yoga, while insofar as one concentrates one's mind on his spiritual specialities one is said to perform the ananlambana type of yoga. (Thus alambana yoga is yoga having for its object a gross something while analambana yoga
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