________________
Many more about 100 of them have been discovered so far.
As Prof. Max Born, Restless Universe, p. 266 has said "The existence of first four is firmly established; two light ones, the electron and the positron and two heavy ones the proton and the neutron." He further adds that 'these are too many. For it is likely that combination of
a. a proton and an electron will give a neutron a neutron and a positron will give a proton Either neutron or proton must be composite."
a.
Further, in the same book we read that the nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and neutrons and the electrons and protons which occasionally fly out of the nucleus arise from the following
transformations:
Proton breaking into Neutron + Positron, and Neutron-breaking into Proton+Electron."
35. (a) J.S. Zaveri and Muni Mahendra Kumar, Microcosmology: Theory of Atom in Jain Philosophy and Modern Science, pp. 38, 39."Characteristics of Subatomic Particles
Fundamental thing to know about the subatomic particles is that every particle of the same species looks exactly alike. Every electron, proton and neutron looks exactly like every other electron, proton and neutron respectively.
Mass Particles of different types, however, can be recognized by their distinguishing characteristics. Mass is the first distinguishing characteristic. A proton has about 1980 times more mass, than an electron. (This does not mean that proton is 1800 times larger than electron. A kilogram of iron has the same mass as a kilogram of cotton).
Mass of a particle at rest is called its rest-mass. The mass of a moving particle increases with its velocity and at 99% of the speed of light it is seven times larger than the rest-mass. At velocities above 99% of the speed of light, particle-masses increase dramatically. An electronvolt is a unit of energy but it is also used for measuring a particle's mass (the energy that an electron gains from an electric field of one volt is called an electron-volt). Thus the rest-mass of an electron is 0.51 million electron volts (Mev) while the rest-mass of a proton is 938.2 Mev. It is customary to use the mass of an electron as a unit. This arrangement makes the mass of a proton 1836.12 and the mass of a neutron 1837. By this system it is easy to see how much heavier a particle is than an
तुलसी प्रज्ञा अप्रेल - सितम्बर, 2003
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