________________
(b)
magnetic field and vice-versa. Maxwell showed that such electric and magnetic fields can propagate through space with the velocity of light and were called electromagnetic waves. The electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave vary with time and space and are
prependicular to each other and to the direction of propagation. 51. (a) Nearef = 5/24- proc-214-232-Fenty-FİRTA-96-744-9241
तपोद्द्योतवन्तश्च। it fHGA difichl, 1/15– -Open-te-pentea-TRIA-96-794-39141
तपोद्योत प्रभावांश्च। (c) 'FTRTEZ48 = - 28/12,13
सद्दन्धयार उज्जोओ पहा छायातवे इवा। वण्णरसंगंधफासा पुग्गलाणं तु लक्खणं ॥ एगत्तं च पुहत्तं च संखा संठाणमेव य । संजोगा य विभागा य पज्जवाणं तु लक्खणं ।। (यहां बहुत स्पष्ट रूप में प्रकाश, शब्द, आतप आदि को पौद्गालिक (यानी अचित्त)
ARTI) (d) Dr. G.R. Jain, Cosmology Old & New, pp 130-136-'Manifestation
of Pudgala (Matter) take the form of sound, union, fineness, grossness, figure, divisibility, darkness, shade or image, sunshine and moonlight. (Tr. of Tattvaratha Sutra 5/24). Commentary—“..the division of light energy into two categories: Ātapa and Uddyota, is based on scientific considerations: Ātapa is the sunlight or light of a fire, or electric lamp, etc., and uddyota is the moonlight, the light emitted by the jewels or the phosphorescent light of a fire-fly. (Sarvartha Siddhi, 5/2-4). The former predominates in heat rays and the latter in light rays. The efficiency of modern electric lamp is only 7-10 % and that of arclamp 15% (in the tube light lamps, the efficiency has reached about 60%). In other words only 7 or 15 per cent of energy is converted into light and the rest appears in the form of heat. Thus the light given by these sources has a much greater proportion of heat than light, and hence the name Atapa. The same is the case with the sun where only 35 percent of the radiation appears in the form of light. The efficiency of the tiny lamp in the body, of the glowworm is 99 percent of light rays and 1 percent of heat rays; hence the most
proper name given to it is Uddyota." 52. I.S. Zaveri and Muni Mahendra Kumar, Microcosmology....., p. 15 -
"Electromagnetic Radiation – Light “Much earlier, there were two theories about light: One which Newton
favoured was that it was composed of particles called, corpuscles, the Taht BTUST – fitore, 2003
97
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