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192 :: Structure and Functions of Soul in Jainism
taken place, in the absence of such a power. The Jaina interactionism is completely free from mutual transformation of enegies of the soul and matter. The distorted transformations of both mind and matter follow from the individual substances themselves but after admitting the mutual auxiliary causation. It is from the vyavahāra or empirical view point that we may talk of the spiritualization of matter and the materialization of spirit. Both the soul and karma-pudgala, when in union, get energised in a particular way. Nemicandra holds: “From the empirical point of view the vitalities, the senses, respiration, etc., are the differentia of the Jīva; but from the real point of view consciousness alone is the differentia of the Jīva."1 "The deviations of the soul's manifestations when in association with the karmas are such as smell materiality, and those of matter are such as smell spirituality. Taking a fuller view of the facts the Jaina would unhesitatingly agree with Stout who holds: “My reason is, not that they are too loosely connected, but, on the contrary, that they are too intimately connected. The action of the mind is not action of the mind only, but action of mind and body in one."? In his commentary on the Dravyasaņgraha Brahmadeva has very remarkably observed: “Here the pupil asks whether attachment and aversion, etc., are the products of the Jīva or of the karma. The answer is that they are the joint products of the two like the son born of the contact of the male and the female and the particular colour born of the mixture of lime and turmeric. Later on from the partially pure point of view they are said to be the products of karmas. In the same way from the impure realistic point of view they are said to be the products of the Jiva.... Then the question is from the pure realistic point of view whose products they should be held. The answer is that from the pure realistic point of view, like the son without the contact of the male and the female and like the particular colour without effecting a mixture of lime and turmeric they cannot
1. Nemicandra: Dravyasangraha, verse 3 2. G.F. Stout: Mind and Matter, p. 92
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