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84 : Śramana, Vol 65, No. 3 & 4, July-December 2014 infinite desires can be fulfilled in the spiritual world and not in material world. Gandhi has rightly said "Earth can fulfill one's need but not one's greed.”
3. There are two aspects of life
A. Life of Peace and Well-being.
B. Life of Wealth and Prosperity.
According to HPI (Happy Planet Index,2009), which measures the well-being of the countries reports that the countries which are highly developed such as United Kingdom, United States, etc. are at 74th and 114th rank, respectively from 143 states. While the countries which are not so highly developed or are developing have better level of well-being. They are countries like Coast Rica (1), Dominican Republic (2), India (35), etc. Hence, even by less economic development too man can live a happy and satisfied life. Therefore, money is not the only source of all the standards. After discussing all the points emphasising non-possession, we will discuss how one can attain the goal of self-restraint/non-possession.
Lord Mahāvīra propounded two kinds of vows - great vows and small vows. Great vows are for monks and nuns and small vows are for householders. The small vows are called aņuvrata. Among twelve aņuvratas one is icchā-parimāņa, that is, control over desires. To strengthen this vow - Lord Mahāvīra has given some complementary vows. They are- Upabhoga-paribhoga-parimāņa vrata and Atithisaṁvibhāga. The former vrata talks about control over personal consumption. Over consumption is the cause of immoral action. When one wants to consume more, he tries to possess more, he forgets about all values and virtues. It would not be wrong to say, mostly for more consumption and more accumulation man uses impure or immoral means as explained before. Even if wealth comes to him without using immoral means he should control over consumption. Morality says that man should share his wealth with those who are devoid of it. It will be a service to humanity. For the
