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Jaina Literature (From Earliest Time to c. 10th A. D. ]
- din inox o o
Unfortunately, all the above mentioned intact. We find that earlier subject matter of works are not available, today. Some of them are lost. Praśnavyākarana has been completely changed. Out of twelve Anga Āgamas, the 7th chapter of Similarly, partial changes as well as some additions Ācārārga ( Mahāparijña ) and the major portion of are also noted in the subject matter of JnatadharmaDrstivāda are said to be extinct. So far as the subject- kathā, Antakyddaśānga, Anuttraupapātika and Vipākamatter of 7th chapter of Ācārānga is concerned, in sūtra. Among the secondary canons ( Anga-bāhya my opinion, it was mainly related to the Jinakalpa orāgamas ) following works, known as Kalika and strict code of conduct of naked monks. When the Utkālika, respectively were also lost in due course of followers of this strict code of conduct disappeared time. The details of such canons are as under: gradually, no serious efforts were made to restore it
Kalikasutra not available presently — and finally it got lost. Likewise, the twelfth Anga
1. Kșullikāvimānapravibhakti Drstivāda, said to be containing five parts ( i ) Pari
Mahallikavimānapravibhakti karma, (ii) Sūtra, (iii) Pūrvagata, (iv) Anuyoga
Angacülikā and ( v ) Calikā, seems to have dealt mainly with the
Vaggacūlika philosophical doctrines of other schools of thought
Vivāhacūlikā including the Pārsva tradition. Pūrvagata, the third
Aruņotapāda part of Drstivāda, exclusively, dealt with the doctrines
Varuņotapāda of Pārsva tradition, later on accepted as the doctrines
8. Garuņotapada of Mahāvira. All these works were preserved only
9. Dharaņotapāda through oral tradition, because, Jaina monks and nuns
10. Vaiśramaņotapāda were strictly prohobited to write on palm-leaves,
11. Velandarotapāda those days. That study and preservation of the Jaina
12. Devendrotapāda literature, written on palm-leaves were prohibited due
13. Utthānaśruta to the strict observance of non-violence. They were of
14. Samutthānaśruta the opinion that in the process of writing, studying
15. Nāgaprajñaptipanikā. and preserving the palm-leaf works, the injury to the Jivas was inevitable. That is why, they made no
Utkalikasūtra not available presently efforts to restore them in written form. This was the
1. Kalpikākalpika reason behind the loss of Destivāda as well as some 2. Calakalpikā other agamas. In my opinion, Drstivāda, in particular, 3. Mahāprajñāpanā became extinct, because of following factors -
4. Pramādāpramāda firstly, its contents were not fully in accordance with
5. Paurusimandala Mahāvira's tradition and were mostly related with
6. Mandala Pravesa philosophical discussions of other traditions and 7. Vidyācaraņa Viniscaya schools, hence unable to arouse interest in Jaina 8. Dhyānavibhakti monks. Secondly, the concepts, accepted by 9. Vitaräga Sruta Mahāvira's tradition, were included in other Āgamic 10. Vihārakalpa texts also, hence Jaina monks did not make any effort 11. Cāraṇavidhi. to preserve the Pūrva literature. Thirdly, due to the About the subject-matter of these Kalika and oral tradition, other Anga agamas could not remain Utkalikasūtras, not extant today, it is very difficult to
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