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Aspects of Jainology: Volume VI
etc., but in Agamas these different subjects are intermingled. Realising necessities of some independent works regarding worldly phenomena, Jaina acaryas composed some secular literature dealing with the physical phenomena.
As the result, by the beginning of c. 3rd A. D. several independent works were composed on various subjects such as Astronomy, Astrology, Geography, Mathematics, Biology, Arts and Architecture, Linguistic and Medicinal discipline, i. e., Ayurveda, etc. It would be in the fitness of the things to record some of the details about such works, viz. Lokavibhaga of Sarvanandi (c. 6th A. D.) and Tiloyapannatti of Yati-vṛsabha composed in Präkṛta, are two important works on Astronomy and Geogra phy. Some more works like Umāsvāti's Jambūdvipasamāsa and Kṣetravicara (c. 3rd A. D.) and Bṛhatkṣetrasamāsa of Jinabhadragani Kṣamāśramaņa (c. 7th A. D.) also dealt with Geography and some aspects of Jaina cosmology. Among these works,
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Ksetravicara is not available today. Jivasamāsa and Jivavicara as well as Tandulavaicärika are the works dealing with Jaina Biology. Pujyapada Devanandi (c. 6th A. D.) had composed a treatise named Vaidyakasastra dealing with Ayurvedic medicines, but this work is also not available. Jyotiṣakarandaka is a Prakimaka which deals with Jaina Astrology. In the field of grammar, Jainendra Vyakaraṇa or Endravyakarana of Indranandi (c. 6th A. D. ), Śākaṭāyana Vyakarana alongwith its auto-commentary, Amoghavṛtti of Palyakirti Sākaṭāyana (c. 9th A. D.) and Śvayambhū Vyākaraṇa of Tribhuvana Svayambhu (c. 8th A. D.) are regarded as important works of this category.
The literary evolution of Jainas, particularly in Prakṛta, which took place during c. 5th B.C.-10th A. D. shows that the Jaina ācāryas were versatile genius. They composed various treatises on different subjects but mainly on philosophical and religious topics.
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