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Reconsidering the Date of the Nirvāṇa of Lord Mahavira
113
vāyanantare puna ayam tenaue sam vacchare kälar gacchai iha disai.
Sri Kalpasūtra 147, p. 145. 6. pālagaranno sathi panapannasayam viyāna nandāņam maruyäņam arthasayam tisă puna pusamitānam,
--Titthogali paiņnayam (Painnaya Suttaim) 621 When 60 pākaja + 155 Nandavansa = 215 years had
passed, the rule of the Maurya dynasty began. 7. a. eveṁ ca Srimahāvīra mūlervarşašate, pañcapañca
śadadhike candragupto abhavannspanā.
-- Parisistaparva-Hemacandra, sarga 8/339. b. Laghuposalika pattāvali, Nāgapuriyatapāgaccha
pattāvali (ed. Jinvijaya 1961) and Himavanta Therāvali also acknowledge that Chandragupta Maurya ascended to the throne 155 years after the
Vira Nirvāna. 8. It is remarkable that the year of the Vira Nirvāṇa may
be accepted as 527 B.C. only when Chandra Gupta Maurya's accession is accepted to have taken place in the year 215 of the Vira Nirvana era. It the date of his accession is accepted to be the year 155 of the Vira Nirvana, then we should accept 467 B.C. to be the date of the Vira Nirvana. Jacobi, H., Parisistaparva : year 1891 : P. introduction p. 5; He considers the reference of the Parisistaparva of Hemacandra to be authentic according to which 155 years after the Vira Nirvāna, Chandragupta Maurya's accession took place, and on this only basis he
determined the date of the Nirvana of Mahavira. 10. Charpentier, 1992: 13-16; He also based, his arguments
ofn Hemacandra and considered that the Nirvana of Mahavira took place 155 years before Chandragupta
Maurya. 11. Shastri, A. Shantiraj : Anekānta 1941, Vol. 4, No. 10;
He considered the Saka Samvat to be the Vikram Samvat and accepted that 605 years before the Vikram
Samvat Mahavira attained Nirvāna. 12. Jayaswal, 1917 : 151-152; In his article entitled "The
Historical Position of Kalki and his Identification with Yasodharman', he has mentioned only two traditions. He made no mention of the date of the Nirvāna of
Mahavira. 13. Venkateshwar, 1917, p. 122-130; His opinion is based
on the Anand Vikram Samvat. This was is vague 10
years after the Vikram Samvat. 14. Mukhtar : 1956 : p. 26-56; On the basis of various
arguments he confirmed the traditon accepted theory.
15. Muni Kalyana Vijaya : Vikrama Samvat aur Jaina
Kalagananā, 1987 : p. 149; while confirming the traditional accepted theory, he also tried to remove its
inconsistencies. 16. Eggermont, P.H.L. He has given his arguments equating
the very event of schism by Tişyagupta which took place during the 16th year of the attainment of Lord Mahāvīra with the event of drying the Bodhi tree by Tişyagupta and event of schism in Buddha Order during
the reign of Asoka. 17. Smith : 1969 : 141 He accepted the common popular
theory. 18. Narman, K.R. "Observation on the Dates of the Jina
and Buddha" in Bechert, H. The Dating of the Historical
Buddha, a Pt. I. p. 300-312 Gottingen. 19. ajjataropikho rājāmacco rājāna māgadham ajatasatt
uṁ vedehiputtam etadavoca "ayam, deva, nigantho nätaputto sanghi ceva gani ca ganācariyo ca, fiato, yasassi, titthakaro, sädhusammato bahujanassa, rattaññü, cirapabbajito, addhagato, vayoanuppatto. Digha
nikāya, Samaññaphalasutta, 2/17. 20. evaṁ me sutaṁ. ekaṁ samayam bhagavä sakkesu
viharati vedhaññā nāma sakyä tesa ambavane pasāde. tena kho pana samayena nigantho nātaputto päväyam adhunākālankato hoti. tassa kälankiriyāya bhinnä niganthy dyedhikajata bhandanajata kalahajata vivādapannä aññamañña mukhasattihi vitudantä viharanti." na tvar imam dhammavinayam äjänäsi, ahaṁ imam dhammavinayam äjänämi, kim tvalm imam dhammavinayam ājānissasi? micchāpatipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammāpatipanno. Sahitan me, asahitar te. purevacaniyām paccha avaca pacchāvacaniyam pure avacca. Adhicinnam te viparāvattam āropito te vădo. niggahito tvamasi. cara vādappamokkhāya. nibbethehi vă sace pashosi'ti. vadho yeva kho maññya niganthesu nätaputtiyesu vattati. ye pi niganthassa nātaputtassa sävakā gihi odātavasana te pi niganthesu nätaputtiyesu nibbinnarūpā virattarūpă pațivänarūpa-yathă tam durakkhate dhammavinaye duppavedite aniyyānike anupasamasarvattanike asammasambuddha-ppavedite
bhinnathupe appațisarane. 21. It is noteworthy that almost all the Swetambara
Patļāvalis mention the ame period. 22. It is noteworthy that the original Ms. of the Himavant
asthavirāvali is not available after its Gujarati translation; its Gujarati translation by Pnadit Hiralal Hansraj of Jamnagar, is the only base, It shows that
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