Reviews Of Different Books

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316 REVIEWS Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953 s.v. caturdisa). In China chao-t'i seems to have been used as a general term for monastery. Probably its original meaning was 'monastery belonging to the universal monk-brotherhood'. In note 290 adhyatma-tyaga is given as the Sanskrit original of the she-shen 'sacrificing oneself'. I do not know from where this Sanskrit term is taken. Mochizuki's Dictionary (p. 2162b) gives atma-parityaga which is found in the Vyaghriparivarta of the Suvarnaprabhasa. In the Saddharmapundarika the term atmabhavaparityaga is used (cf. Kern and Nanjio's edition, p. 406.13). The expression chu-lei is explained as a rendering of parinamana (cf. p. 81). However, it is used to translate anuparindana 'the handing over (of the doctrine)'. cf. the title of chapter 27 in the translations of the Saddharmapundarika by Dharmaraksa and Jnanagupta and Dharmagupta (Taisho, nos. 263 and 264); Mochizuki's Dictionary s.v. fuho (p. 4493b). On Shih-li fo-shih kuo (Srivijaya not Sribhoja) much has been written by Caedes, Ferrand and others since the publication of Pelliot's article in 1904 (cf. p. 94 n. 478), cf. e.g. the article on Sumatora in volume VIII of Mochizuki's Dictionary (pp. 1476-151a). According to the introduction the first chapter is the more important of the two and throws new and often brilliant light on the development of Korean Buddhism from the time of its introduction to the seventh century. It is a pity that the author does not elaborate on this statement. It would have been useful to have some indication of the knowledge which can be obtained from other sources, and of the additional information to be found in the first chapter of the HKC (= 'Lives of Eminent Korean Monks'). Of the second chapter it is said that it consists chiefly of excerpts from the Hsu Kao-seng chuan and from the Ta-t'ang hsi-yu ch'iu-fa kao-seng chuan of I-ching, except for the life of the monk Anham. Neither here nor in the notes to the translation of the second chapter is there any precise indication as to the extent of the borrowings from these texts by Kakhun. We have to content ourselves with rather vague statements such as the one found in note 96 of the introduction: "Even if he [=Kakhun] drew on existing materials, he always supplemented them, as in the case of Won'gwang, with new materials written in a balanced, allusion-packed prose." Even the information given on the history and discovery of the HKC is unsatisfactory. According to the introduction it was discovered in or about 1914 by Yi Hoe-gwang (1840-1911), cf. p. 2 and p. 2 n. 6. The preface mentions the earliest available edition in block prints, but does not give any information about the dates and number of block-print editions of the work. According to the introduction it was unknown until its discovery except by its title and by a few quotations. It would have been useful to enumerate these quotations. The author states that the HKC is one of the primary sources of the Samguk yusa, but he seems to contradict himself in note 5: "Unless Iryon is referring to the biography of monks compiled by Kim Tae-mun, which existed at the time of the copilation of SGSG, he must be referring to KSC (=Kao-seng chuan)." The author fails to tell us whether or not Kakhun has made use of the biography of the monks by Kim Tae-mun and of the Samguk sagi. The HKC mentions a ku-chi which is translated by 'ancient record' (p. 31) and by 'old records' (p. 45). The only information provided on these records (p. 31 n. 98) is a reference to Changwoe chamnok, I, 69 and SG YS, Introduction, pp. 15, 22-23.3 In the preface Lee promises a critical edition of the HKC. Let us hope that in 1 The divison of the text in two chapters is not indicated in the translation. Chapter two begins with the life of Kaktok (p. 70). Also the title of these two chapters (Liu-t'ung 1, 1 and I, 2) is not mentioned. 2 Onp.4 mention is made of the fact that Kakhun copied almost verbatim the account of Tamsi in the Kao-seng chuan. This account is a part of chapter one which, accordingly, also contains long excerpts from other texts. 3 For Changwoe chamnok, which is not listed in the abbreviations, see p. 2 n. 8 and p. 3 n. 12.