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STATE AND ADMINISTRATION
341
has to fulfil his religious duties such as Darśa-pürnamāsa and other Brahmanical rites. He should apply himself to the study both of anviksiki and trayi. But he advised the king to acknowledge svadharma for different castes and stages of life. By protecting the svadharma of his subjects the king fulfils trivarga.1 The king is the monitor of those who transgress their svadharma.2 Svadharma is the particular duty of each individual, in every group. Though Somadeva on the whole acknowledges svadharma, yet he enumerates samana dharma, the duties common to all castes and groups. These are kindness, truthfulness, abstaining from the property of others, controlling one's desires, avoiding marriage against the order (of caste) and 'chastity with regard to forbidden women.' The king's duty is to promote these practices among his subjects. Protecting the svadharma and the samana-dharma of his subjects, the king receives one sixth of the fruits of the religious merits of his subjects.
The next set of duties of the king is political or administrative, that is, the protection of life and property is the main duty of the king. The king is bound to see that order rightly prevails in society. He says: He is a king who takes the place of Indra towards the well disposed and the place of Yama against the ill-disposed. For, the king's duty is to punish the wicked and protect the learned and well behaved, not shaving his head or wearing matted hair. The king should adopt all the possible measures to protect the world, that alone is counted his true merit of kingship. To ensure life and order, he should wield his danda neither sternly nor tenderly but impartially.? Injustice is never to be tolerated, since it ruins all.8 Somadeva enumerates the persons who hinder the prosperity of the people and considers them as sources of apprehension to the subject. They are the thieves and robbers, state surveyors and evaluators, foresters and
1 Ibid., p. 87: A FT: TAR Stå fagur 2 Ibid., p. 88: d ai vont at JE:
3 Ibid., p. 85: T RIATHIEU Tafef927: viagjafatet faggy स्त्रीषु ब्रह्मचर्यमिति सर्वेषां समानो धर्मः।
• Ibid., P. 88: TICHIG: là TT TÍ THƯ THqIGI
5 Ibid., p. 42: ST glaset STAT TI I Faggiant: FETOTROSSA च धर्मः न पुनः शिरोमुण्डनं जटाधारणादिकं ।
* Ibid., p. 42: 7: quatalia F TFT ? Ibid., p. 102: 27710 quzq07 Tozzitia: 1 8 Ibid., p. 99: 37791er farina
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