________________
STATE AND ADMINISTRATION
347
desired ends. He appointed the well versed in their respective posts. Ministers were not allowed to undertake any enterprise without his order.? Thus, all the executive powers were invested in the king. He looked into state finance, collected dues and levied taxes. He also received petitions and sometimes issued orders for the guidance of his subjects. He punished the criminals and promulgated administrative reforms for the well-being of the people in general. He had under his direct control all the envoys and he gathered information from spies.
(2) Military: Somadeva says that king should inspect his army with his own eyes; otherwise he loses prosperity and maintenance of order.5 The king of our period led his army in the field of battle and mostly the important campaigns were conducted by the king himself. His presence in the battlefield was the source of inspiration. The king was usually in the van where he served as an example of personal valour and gave encouragement to his men in arms.? He also appointed all military chiefs to their respective posts and bestowed prizes or promotions for their meritorious services. He also offered the maintenance to the families of those who died fighting in the battlefield. He was advised not to give the charge of military to only one general for he might create great trouble on a suitable occasion. 10
(3) Judicial: The king was the supreme court of appeal. He was the final authority in judicial matters. Nobody could overrule his judgment. 11 The king like Yama considered the punishment for culprits,12 The king
1 Ibid., p. 189: 7175
I 2 Ibid., p. 189: Thaa na # Trafai 3 See supra pp. 105 and 279. 4 Nitivă., p. 172. 3 Ibid., p. 214: FTTH tidigastad a 6 Ibid., p. 369: H: gratuit SGT2471 ? PC., p. 59; DV., Canto XVIII. 8 Nitivā., p. 364: HUTI I Tkaan: See supra p. 343. 9 Ibid., p. 369: TT SET FR Fafaa09HRT FIT, inta
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10 Ibid., p. 368 : &
11 Ibid., p. 302: नास्त्यनुबन्धः।
12 Ibid., p. 295: TTS
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