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STATE AND ADMINISTRATION
353
AS.
sulted. Uninvited persons should not be allowed to stay at the time of deliberations, for it is on record that counsel was sometimes betrayed ever by parrots and minas. The trouble arising from the leakage of counsel is seldom controlled.3 Celerity in execution is a safeguard of secrecy. The resolutions should be put as soon as possible into action, Action, indeed, is the very essence of deliberation. Mere knowledge of medicine does not cure the disease.
Changes in the attitude, changes in countenance due to anger and love, intoxication, carelessness and talking in sleep and other evil habits are the causes of the betrayal of deliberations.5
At the time of deliberation there should be no hot discussions or random talks.
Decisions unanimously reached and exercised with discretion easily lead towards the achievement of the object.?
The essential duty of the councillors is to offer wholesome counsel. Let them not flatter or mislead their master. The king on his part should take their advice, for he is a bad king who neglects the advice of his councillors.8
In formulating a theory of a fivefold aspect of mantra or counsel, Somadeva follows Kautilya and Kāmandaka. He says that the first aspect is the preliminary part of beginning an undertaking. This is, in other words, to find out what amount of support would be forthcoming once a plan was mooted. The second is the means to an end. This is how to tackle the problem and pool the resources in man-power and wealth and consider the best use to which they might be put. The third is the proper appropriation of the means according to place and time, for certain undertakings would bear fruit in a specified area and at a specific time. The fourth is, the counsel should remove the difficulties which would come in the
1 Ibid., p. 118: 37/1987 929 T fact a 21 JAAR 12 fauf 27#728:1
; Ibid., p. 118: 7: E fai qutaranuf! 3 Ibid., p. 118: HTTECH ari gugalai yra
• Ibid., p. 120: Chap] a atentat: FA 379Tera gigafék Hot Haare परिज्ञानादेव व्याधिप्रशमः |
5 Ibid., p. 119: CHART HE: A1 Part 7 H ATTI I • Ibid., p. 122: Hatta fari faars: TOTT : / ? Ibid., p. 122: fata dripeat St Gianna HES: #rez Ferre #TFF |
. Ibid., p. 123: 7 heret e341 Frühf 2519AATSTfa! at FIAT g a yarare este afare: 1
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