________________
Nomenclature
of Nyāya.
The name "Nyāya" came to be applied later to a system of philosophy which dealt with logic. The original name was "Anvikșiki” from Anvikşā (discussion). Fruitless Tarka Vidyā was always discouraged" but that Anyikșiki which will lead to the attainment of a knowledge of self was always regarded as a subject to be learnt. In Manu-samhitā we find that a King should learn Anviksikio. Rājasekhara in his Kāvya-mimāmsā has mentioned that Anvikșiki knowledge is of two kinds, being of the nature of Pūrvapakşa and Uttarapaksa and that Jaina, Bauddha and Chārvāka systems are of the former and Sānkhya, Nyāya and Vaiseșika systems are of the latter kind.
In Chhāndogya Upanişad (VII-1) and in Mahābhāşya of Patañjali, we find Nyāya philosophy named as “Vāko-vākya.” Vātsyāyana mentioned the fivelimbed syllogism (for Parārthānumāna) as Nyāya.
After describing persecution of persons who set up new sects for worldly enjoyment and profligacy, by king Šankaravarmā of Kashmir, Jayanta Bhatta says that the doctrines of the Jains etc. are not such :
"तदपूर्वमिति विदित्वा निवारयामास धर्मतत्वज्ञः ।
राजा शंकरवा न पुन नादिमतमेवम् ॥" 1. Vide : "traligat a facutageant forfremy_" Mahābhārata śāntiparva 180. 47. To what extent such wrong arguments can proceed will appear from the attempt of sage Jābāli to dissuade Rāma from going to the forest to fulfil the vow of his father. Rāmāyana. Ayodhyākānda. Canto 109.
2. " Faltfemastaralaçenta " Manu-sambitā, 7.43. 3. Kāvyamimāņsā. Chapter II.
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