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EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS
101
Emotion is more complicated in nature and hence we find different types of emotions described. The main analysis that
find of the concept (psychological fact) is in terms of karma. One of the eight types of karma — mohanīya karma is considered responsible for the rise of human emotions. The sub-division of mohanīya karma into the darśanāvarana and cāritra mohanīya (right conduct-deluding) karmas is indicative of the psycho-ethical characteristic of the Jaina theory of emotions. As Mehta points out : "... the Jaina conception of emotion is not purely psychological. It is psycho-ethical in character. We are not in a position to separate the two, since the conception is fundamentally based on the theory of conduct."?
The two types of delusion-producing karmas referred to above give us an insight into the essentially philosophic application of the theory of emotions that we find in Jainism. The first of the two types is a result of obstruction of right vision. The corollary of this is that right conduct is made impossible. It is familiar to everyone that unless the individual has spiritual conviction there is not even a possibility of his treading the right path. The Gommatasāra points to emotion as having the power to debar the self from having spiritual conversion, partial conduct, complete conduct and perfect conduct."8
We find four types of emotions being mentioned in the Jaina classics. These are anger (krodha), pride (mana), deceit (māya) and greed (lobha). Each one of them is again considered to be classifiable into four, so that we have in all sixteen types of emotions enumerated. Each emotion is of the following four kinds : (i) anantānubandhi, i.e., that which obscures spiritual conversion; (ii) apratyākhyānāvardņa, i.e., that which eclipses the proneness to partial conduct; (iii) pratyākhyānāvaraņa passion, i.e., that which arrests the aptitude for complete conduct; and (iv) samjvalana, i.e., that which baulks the perfect type of conduct, thus thwarting the attainment of arhatship.
In addition to the above, nine milder emotions are also described. These are : laughter (hāsya), love (rati), hatred (arati), grief (śoka), fear (bhaya), disgust (juguspa), hankering after man
7 Ibid., p. 122 8 Gommațasāra, 282 9 Sarvärthasiddhi, VIII. 9
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