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EXTRA SENSORY PERCEPTION
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are known, though the modes known are infinite in number. It is also held that all living beings — not merely human beings — are considered to possess (in varying degrees) the capacity for clairvoyance.
There is a three-fold classification of Avadhi-jñāna: the deśāvadhi, the paramāvadhi and the sarvavadhi. The range of the first type is limited by spatial and temporal conditions, while that of the second type is not so limited. Saryāvadhi is the faculty by which we may perceive the non-sensuous aspects of all the material things of the universe. The deśāvadhi is subdivided into two kinds, – the bhāvapratyaya or congenital and the guņapratyaya or acquired. The faculty of deśāvadhi is connote in the superhuman beings of the heavens and the hells. The acquired modes of the deśāvadhi is due to the destruction or subsidence-in-part of the obstacles that hinder the operation of clairvoyance. The guņa-pratyaya avadhi may be acquired by all beings who have the mind. It is considered to be of the following six types: (i) anugāmi, the type of clairvoyance which continues to exist even if a person leaves a particular place and goes elsewhere; (ii) ananugāmi, the type of clairvoyance which is just the opposite of the previous one; (iii) vardhamāna, clairvoyance which increases in its scope and duration as time passes; (iv) hīyamāna, clairvoyance which decreases in its intensity with the passage of time; (v) avasthitā, clairvoyance which neither increases nor decreases (in intensity and duration); and (vi) anavasthitā, clairvoyance which sometimes increases and sometimes decreases (in scope).
Telepathy (Manaḥparyāya) stands for man's capacity to directly apprehend the modes of other minds.? The Jaina conception of the mind that it is made of subtle matter offers us an insight into the principle of telepathy. The mind-stuff is considered to reflect in the different modes of the mind. The modes are nothing but the reflections of the different states of thought experienced in the mind. Hence a person possessing telepathy is believed to directly cognize the mental states of others without the instrumentality
4 See Višeșāvašyka-bhāsya, 685 ; Nandi-Sütra, 16 5 See H.S. Bhattacharya, op. cit., pp. 307-08 6 Nandi-Sūtra, 9-15; Tattvärtha-Sütra, bhāsya on 1. 23 ? Āvašyakaniryukti, 76
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