Book Title: Nyaya Science of Thought Author(s): Champat Rai Jain Publisher: ZZZ UnknownPage 50
________________ 44 CHAPTER XXII. There are two ways of stating the inseparable logical connection, affirmatively, called anvaya, as in the statement, wherever there is smoke there is fire'; or in the negative, known as vyatireka, e.g., 'where there is no fire there is no smoke.' NYAYA. " A hetu of the first kind is called upalabdhi, and of the second anupalabdhi. The upalabdhi and anupalabdhi hetus are further sub-divided into two kinds each, the bidhisâdhaka and the nikheda-sâdhaka. The bidhisadhaka are those which prove the existence and the nikheda-sádhaka those that establish the nonexistence of some fact. Hetu may also be of a contradictory or of a noncontradictory type. The former, called virudhi, implies the existence of a fact which is incompatible with the sâdhya. Illustration. There is no fire in this pitcher, because it is full of water. The non-contradictory (aviruddhi) hetu is the argument which is not based on any fact incompatible with the existence of the sadhya. Jain Education International Illustration. There is fire in this hill, because there is smoke on it. For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.orgPage Navigation
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