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Atom in Jain Philosophy
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transformed (but not transmuted) by the conscious substance (jīva); at no time, do these groups lose their own identity and they remain eternally pudgala. In short, pudgala is mutable, but not transmutable.
2. PUDGALA IS PHYSICAL, NOT PSYCHICAL ORDER OF EXISTENCE
What is devoid of consciousness is ajiva. Pudgala is eternally ajiva ; it is not capable of knowing; it is bereft of feeling; it is not psychical It belongs to the physical order.! 3. (a) PUDGALA POSSESSES QUALITIES OF
COLOUR, TASTE, SMELL AND TOUCH. (b) PUDGALA IS SENSIBLE/PERCEIVABLE.
These properties of pudgala have already been dealt with under the heading “Characteristic Attributes" in Section II. 4. (a) PUDGALA IS PARIŅĀMĪ i.e. SUBJECT
TO MUTATION.. (b) PUDGALA IS KRIYĀVĀN i.e. INCESSANTLY
ACTIVE.?
Pudgala has the propensity for being dynamic/active. All forms of pudgala-paramānu as well as composite bodies - do not just sit around doing nothing. They are always beehives of activity. Activity is of two kinds4 -
(a) Pariņāma (mutation) which does not involve motion in space.
(b) Kriyā (motion) which involves movements in space-motion, vibration, oscillation, etc.
(a) Mutation (Pariņāma)
The word parināma means change or mutation i.e., change of one state into another. Nothing is absolutely permanent nor absolutely destructible.5 1. Tat Sūt. Bhä., Commentary, 5/1 : Jivādan yo(a)jīva iti paryudasah sat eva
vastuno(a)bhimatah, vidhipradhanatvāt, a tastulyāstitveşū bhā veşu,
caitan ya-nised hadvarena dharmādis vajívā ityanusāsanam. 2. Tal. Süt. Bhā. 5/3 3. Ibid. 5/6 4. Tat. Răj 5/22 : "Paris pandanātmakaḥ kriyet yākhyā yate, itarah pariņāmaḥ.” 5. Syādvāda mañjari : "Pariņāmah avasthāntara-ga manam, na ca sarvattā
vināśa h.”
