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188
MEDIÆVAL JAINISM
sently Kopaņa is styled the hill of Kopana. The modern name Kopbal seems to have been in vogue in very early times, since in an inscription also to be cited anon, it is called Kuppāl. The identification of modern Kopbal with Kopaņa was first made by Rice, and it has been confirmed by recent scholars.1
It was the same scholar who provisionally identified Kopana with Konkinapulo mentioned by Yuan Chwang (A.D. 635-A.D. 643).2 Rice gave no reasons for identifying Kopana with Konkinapulo ;3 but we are now in a position to state that his identification was correct. Yuan Chwang went from the Drāvida country northwards into a jungle and passing through an isolated city and a small town, after a journey of above 2.000 li towards the north-west, reached Konkinapulo. He describes the country as being above 5,000 li, and its capital above 30 li in circuit. It contained more than 100 Buddhist monasteries and above 10,000 Brethren who were students of both the Vehicles. Close to the capital was a large monastery with above 300 Brethren—all men of great distinction. In the temple of this monastery was a tiara of Prince Sarvārthasiddha (i.e., Gautama Buddha) ; in the temple of another
1. E. C. I. p. 15; Desai., ibid., p. 13; Charlu H. A. S. No. 12, p. 1.
2 E. C. V, Intr. p. 15.
3. On Konkinapulo, read Burnell, 1. A., VIII, 145-6; see also his Elements of South Indian Palaeography, p. 33, ns. (1) and (2) (2nd ed.) ; Fleet, 1. A., XXII, p. 113 seq. ; Burgess refuting Fleet, ibid., XXIII. p. 28; Beal, Buddhist Records of the Western World, II, p. 253, n. (46); Rice, Karnataka Sabdānuśāsanam Intr. p. 15, ns. (2) and (3); My. Gazetteer, II, p. 206; read also Jl. of the Bom. R. A. S.; XI. p. 270, where the city of Konguna is mentioned in A.D. 1157 ; Journal of the Bombay Historical Society, II, pp. 237-239.
4. Watters, Yuan Chwang, II. p. 238,
