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MEDIÆVAL JAINISM
the account of the Jaina scholars as given in the Sthānănga, Uttarādhyāyana, and other Jaina Sutras, no mention is made of Markali Gośala at all. On the other hand, we have the names of seven leaders of the Jaina schism during and after the time of the great Mahāvira. The Sthănângasūtra, for instance, speaks of Jamali who preached the doctrine of work in unlimited time ; Tişygupta, the doctrine of the soul's extension ; Āşādhācārya, the doctrine of Avyaka ; Āsāmitra, the doctrine of momentary existence ; Ganga, the doctrine of double sensation ; Aulukya alias Rohagupta (who was called Kanāda in Brahmanic literature) the doctrine of three or six categories ; Goşta Mahila, the doctrine of no bondage.
Further, the so-called naked ascetics seem to have seceded from the Brahmanical faith. For in the Vişnu Putāna it is said that those who seceded from their original belief are said to be naked, because they have thrown off the garment of the Vedas. This seems to point to a Hindu origin of the Ājivikas.
But the reason why they have been confounded with the Jainas is that like the Digambaras they went about naked. Thus in the immortal hymns called the Tēvāram of the great Saiva saints Tirujñānasambandhar and Appar, the Jainas are described as naked ascetics who pulled out their hair from their heads and stood unabashed before women. Among Hindu writers the naked ascetics are said to have been known by the name Siddhas, a term which is not uncommon among the Jainas too. The naked wandering ascetics
1. The Sthānānga Sütta, pp. 468 469 quoted by Dr. Shama Sastry in M. A. R. for 1927, p. 23. These sūtras are assigned by Dr. Sastry to the sixth century A.D. Ibid, p. 22.
2. Wilson, Vişnu Putāna, p. 341.
3. Ramaswami, Studies ; p. 69 where in n. (7) reference to the original is given.
