Jainism

Author(s): M R Gelra
Publisher: Createspace

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(iii) Qualities
It is a very interesting Jain doctrine that the qualities of matter like Big-Small, MicroMacro, Light-Heavy, Long-Short, Integrated-Fragmented, Radiant-Dark, Hot-Cold etc. are nothing but the types of pudgals only. Besides, these pudgals may vary in shape also. To consider all substances and all properties as pudgals indicate the deep insight of Jain philosophical knowledge.
(iv) Association with Soul
There are various groups of octons attached to the Jiva (soul). In Jain Philosophy, there are eight sets of quadons and octons which are related to the bio:
• Set of Octons forming mortal body (Audarika Vargana) • Set of Octons forming transformational body (Vaikriya Vargana)
Set of Octons forming projectile body (Aharaka Vargana) • Set of Octons and Quadons forming respiration (Swasoswas Vargana) • Set of Quadons forming thought (Vachna Vargana)
Set of Quadons forming Mind (Mana Vargana) • Set of Quadons forming Radiance (Taijasa Vargana) • Set of Quadons forming Karmic body (Karmic Vargana).
In Jain philosophy the relation of soul and pudgal has been elaborately discussed.
Body, speech, manas or internal organ, in-breath and out-breath-these are benefits due to pudgala i.e. these are functions of pudgala. Distress, pain, death - these too are due to pudgal which are harmful to jiva.
The activities of speech and mana (mind) are also operated by pudgal. Jains have put forward, the karma theory through which they explain that due to manifestation of some type of karma, the activities of the body take place. Bhasa, mana, prana - these are all found to suffer obstruction and suppression through the instrumentality of pudgal.
Of the numerous functions of pudgal some are enumerated here, which prove beneficial or harmful to the jivas. All the bodies of the types audarika etc. are certainly pudgalika – that is, are certainly made up of pudgal. And though the karmic body is suprasensuous it yields fruits like pleasure, pain etc. when conjoined with another murta substance of the type audarika etc. – just as paddy seed yields fruit when conjoined with water etc.; hence it too should be considered to be pudgalika.
Of the two types of bhasa or speech that of the bhava type is a specific capacity which is acquired as a result of the particular type of the karmas, since it is dependent on pudgal, is paudgalika. And the aggregates belonging to the material-grouping of the
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