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Hence the number 'one' does not fall under the criteria of Kruti and thus, has been called nokruti.
Avaktavya
Let us now take an example of number 'two':
An increase is seen on squaring the number two, hence it cannot be called nokruti: (2)2 = 2x2 = 4
On subtracting from this, the number itself, the original number is obtained:
4-2=2
When this resulting number is again squared and the square root is subtracted, there is no increase in number:
(2)2 = 4, and
4-2 2
From these equations it is found that the number 'two' is neither Kruti nor nokruti, hence it is called Avaktavya (inexpressible).
Kruti
Let us take an example of number 'three':
There is increase on squaring the number 'three' onwards:
(3)2 = 9
On subtracting the original number from this number, result is incremental:
9-3 6
On repeating, in this sequence, the increment cumulates:
(6) 36
36-6=30
From the above description it is known that:
The number 'one' is nokruti.
The number 'two' is Avaktavya.
The numbers 'three' and the onwards numbers are Kruti.
While describing numerables Jain Agam Anuyogadvara omits 0 and 1 by saying that minimum of numerables is 2.One was not regarded as number as number of counting purposes. Commentator Malayagiri [12th C.A.D.] justify this by saying that since on squaring one remains the one, hence it is not countable number. As regards zero, its place value has come in numeration round about 300 A.D. It is therefore, in Jain arithmetic the increment in number is obtained by the mathematical operation of squaring and the counting does not start from the digit 'one'. In both the traditions, the
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