Book Title: Jaina Archaeology Outside India
Author(s): Jineshwardas Jain
Publisher: Bharat Varshiya Digambar Jain Mahasabha

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Page 21
________________ fact that an important element of the Universe is Mount Meru- a terraced cosmic mountain enclosed by a dome-shaped firmament. Mr. Kemper feels that Borobudur is a spiritual tool, a yantra that provides a path as a means to the Holy. Borobudur, though exposed to rain and sunshine, has true interior or more correctly a large number of interior spaces each clearly separated from each other. Luis O Gomez (3] defines these enclosures as Kutgaras. According to Jaina philosophy there are 12 kutgaras which are meant for sitting for 4 types of female angeles, 4 for male angeles, one for male saints, one for female saints, saadhvis and general ladies, one for general Gents, and one for animals. Table: Four stone images of the Jlna Buddha (15) Stone statues of Buddha from central Java in Bangkok Name of Jina Origin No. In precincts of Monastery Hand gesture Position or mudra in Universe 1. Emerald Buddha Aksobhya Maravijaya East Plaosan 2. South or Emerald Buddha Ratnasambhava Vara Emerald Buddha Amitabha dhyana west Sewu ---------- Amoghsiddhi abhaya North Emerald Buddha Vairocana dharmacakra Centre Rajadhivas Aksobhya maravijaya East Barabudur Rajadhivas Ratnasambhava vara South Rajadhivas dhyana West Amitabha (samadhi) 8. Rajadhivas Amoghsiddhi abhaya North Amoghsiddhi abhaya North barabudur Pavaranivesa (bovonives) 10. Pavaranivesa Ratnasambhava vara South Kalasan? The Ratnasambhava Jina from Vat Pavaranivesa (no. 10) is much smaller than the other nine statues and as such belongs to a different class and style, though it carries a prabha-mandala and is seated in vajrasana on a double lotus cushion.

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