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fact that an important element of the Universe is Mount Meru- a terraced cosmic mountain enclosed by a dome-shaped firmament. Mr. Kemper feels that Borobudur is a spiritual tool, a yantra that provides a path as a means to the Holy.
Borobudur, though exposed to rain and sunshine, has true interior or more correctly a large number of interior spaces each clearly separated from each other. Luis O Gomez (3] defines these enclosures as Kutgaras. According to Jaina philosophy there are 12 kutgaras which are meant for sitting for 4 types of female angeles, 4 for male angeles, one for male saints, one for female saints, saadhvis and general ladies, one for general Gents, and one for animals.
Table: Four stone images of the Jlna Buddha (15)
Stone statues of Buddha from central Java in Bangkok
Name of Jina
Origin
No. In precincts of
Monastery
Hand gesture Position or mudra in Universe
1.
Emerald Buddha
Aksobhya
Maravijaya
East
Plaosan
2.
South
or
Emerald Buddha Ratnasambhava Vara Emerald Buddha Amitabha dhyana
west
Sewu
----------
Amoghsiddhi
abhaya
North
Emerald Buddha
Vairocana
dharmacakra Centre
Rajadhivas
Aksobhya
maravijaya
East
Barabudur
Rajadhivas
Ratnasambhava vara
South
Rajadhivas
dhyana
West
Amitabha (samadhi)
8.
Rajadhivas
Amoghsiddhi
abhaya
North
Amoghsiddhi
abhaya
North
barabudur
Pavaranivesa
(bovonives) 10. Pavaranivesa
Ratnasambhava
vara
South
Kalasan?
The Ratnasambhava Jina from Vat Pavaranivesa (no. 10) is much smaller than the other nine statues and as such belongs to a different class and style, though it carries a prabha-mandala and is seated in vajrasana on a double lotus cushion.
