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Jain Philosophy of Soul
113 the circle of birth and death. The original peace and tranquility of the Jiva is lost, and thus he continues to exist in bondage."42:
The soul in state of bondage according to Jainism, means an embodied soul. Thus the soul in state of bondage is not a free soul but an embodied one, which is, literally, also expressed as an imprisoned soul. Bondage, thus, is the state in which the soul is not in its pure form but in its polluted form. The bondage is therefore, the union of the soul with matter. A soul in state of bondage is a soul diffused in its light, weakened in its powers, miserable and unhappy for it suffers the consequences of the Karma, and is unhappy because it is constantly in the cycle of births and deaths till all the Karmas are totally annihilated"43 and it regains its original pure, perfect and powerful form.
Thus the bondage state is not the natural state of the soul, it is again not a desired state as nobody wants bondage and everybody wishes liberation. Bondage is suffering (Duhkha) and liberation is release from it. We have seen that the bondage is the result, it is the effect and there can be no effect without cause. Let us see what are the causes. according to Jainism, that brings the soul into a bondage. 5.2.3 Causes of Bondage
According to Jainism, the intimate interpenetration of matter into the soul and the transformation of it into Karman proceeds through the activity of the Jiva. The five causes of bondage are
(1) subreption or unbelief (Mithyātva). (2) non-observation of the vows and commandments (Avirati) (3) idleness (Pramāda) (4) passions (Kaşāya) and
(5) activity. (Yoga)*4 These five causes are known as the chief causes (Mula Hetu) and each one of these is further divided into a number of subdivisions, the secondary causes (Uttara Hetu). Every chief cause (Müla Hetu) causes the binding of certain Karman species.
There are four passions : "anger (Krodha), pride (Māna).
41. nafot 3: fousad 42. Dr. G. N. Joshi : Atmā and Moksa, (1965) p. 245 43. Start than 12: 44 fustafafayetgani Trenta: -T.S. VIII. 1.
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