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Teflect on the origin of the universe must be celeb Tated by them as a national holiday. Unfotunately, such a day cannot be fixed, and the Hindus have never had a national spirit.
In orthodox Hindu philosophy, the search for the First Cause is recommended, because it is sup posed to land us in the realm of reality, the idea being that effects are unreal, and the true reality is the First Cause.“ The reality which, being indescribable, is always mentioned in the Upanishads as it (Tat), is Brahmin; material manifestations be ing but shadows of the Eternal Ens, clothed in name and form (Maya--illusion).”. Hence, to realize that I am and always have been Brahma is the summum bonum. The Jain view is that the “ realization" of the primal substance, out of which the universe has manifested, is no advancement or progress. The Jains are the advocates of the development theory; hence their ideal is physical, mental, moral, and spiritual perfection. The very idea of a simple substance, without qualities, character, and activities, finds no place in the Jain philosophy, and is regarded as irrelevant and illogical; a characterless Cause manifesting as a qualitative effect is a misunderstanding of the law of causation. Cause and effect, substance and manifestation, poumenon and
* M. N. Dvivedi “ Monism or Advaitism."
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