Jain Moral Doctrine

Author(s): Harisatya Bhattacharya
Publisher: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal

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OPERATIVE FACTORS IN IMMORALITY
assembly of saints, the Dharma or the true religion or in having wrong idea about the gods, e.g., thinking them to be fond of animal sacrifices, wine etc. The Çāritra-mohanīya or the Karmas that are responsible for a wrong conception about right conduct are said to be caused by the intense internal state, resulting from the activity of the Kaşāya's or passions (as well as of the No-kaşāya's or the lesser passions, viz., for joking, liking bad companions, etc.). The Antarāya Karmas are what obstruct one's natural powers of gaining (Lābha), giving (Dāna), enjoying consumable things (Bhoga), enjoying non-consumable things (Upabhoga) and of exercising powers (Vīrya). The influence of the Antarāya Karma is caused by one's interfering with another's exercise of his powers for Lābha, Dāna, Bhoga, Upabhoga and Vīrya.
The first mode of the Aghātiyā or the non-destructive Karma is the Vedanīya. It is of two sorts, viz., the Sātāvedanīya and the Asātāvedanīya. The former mode of the Vedanīya Karma, the Sātā, yields pleasure to the self and their inflow into the soul is induced by Bhūtānukampā, a feeling of compassion for all living beings Vratyanukampā, a feeling of compassion for all persons who have adopted the Vratas or vows; Dānā, acts of charity; Sarāga-samyama, practice of self-control, though attended still with an apparent feeling of attachment; Samyamāsamyama, self-control with respect to some of the passions, not of all (through the practice of vows); Akāmanirjarā, ungrudging surrender to the fruition of Karma; Bāla-tapa, penances unattended with correct knowledge; Yoga, contemplation; Kşānti, a spirit of forgiveness; and Sauça, a spirit of contentment, consisting in want of all forms of greed. The other form of the Vedanīya is the Asātā which yields feelings of unpleasantness and is introduced by Duḥkha, feelings of pain; soka, feelings of sorrow; Tāpa, feelings of repentance; Akrandana, shedding tears; Vadha, injury or loss to life; Paridevanā, pathetic moaning in order to attract others' compassion. These six sources of the unpleasant Karmas may be subdivided into eighteen, in consideration of the fact that these feelings may be aroused in one's own self or in others or both in one's own self as well as in others.
The influence of the Gotra (lineage) Karma causes one's birth in a high or a low family. The Uççagotra-karma, which accounts for one's birth in a high family is introduced by Para-praśamsā, praising others; Ātmanindā, condemning one's own self; Sadguņodbhāvanā, discovering goodness in others; Asadguṇācchādana, not publishing the goodness of one's own self; Nīcairvști, humility towards superiors and anutseka, want of pride for what
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