Book Title: Indian Antiquary Vol 61
Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications
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$ 145 )
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
(APRIL, 1032
In Pr. this is specially common in certain pleonastic terminations. One is -la or -la. Thus, vljula, lightning, pátralam, a leaf, pfàlam, yellow; but pellavillam, a shoot, mùhállam, a face, háthrilló, a hand. So Skr. dtrakúlam, Pr. dtúllam; Skr. sárvatah, Pr. savválto; Skr. skátas. Pr. katto : Skr. ányilah, Pr. annálló. So also the suffix loa; thus, Pr. hiškam or (Mg. Pr.) hadákkam, heart. According to Mk. xii, 22, the rule is made general in Magadhi Prakrit, in which any vowel before the suffix ka may be lengthened. Thus, Skr. rå japútra kaḥ, Mg. Pr. Gústakë, or läuśtákë, a king's son.
This secondary accent on the penultimate reappears in several of the IAV8. The Apabhramós termination -dku becomes (by elision of the k) dü, and then or à. So the termination iks becomes iā or iya, and thence i. In two Western Vernaculars, i.o., Gujarăti, and especially Marathi, curiously enough the Māgadhi Prakrit custom has obtained, and this secondary accent swallows up the main accent of the word, and becomes itself the main accent, with the usual consequence of shortening the preceding syllable. So that aku and iki become áku, áu, and fkā, kā, and then á orð and i, preceded by a short vowel (Bhn., 137, 161 ; M. Gr., $ 179). Thus Skr.
Ap. kípakah, a well
ktivdü
G. kuvó, but H. kúa. cúddka), a bangle
chiddü
G. cidó, M. cid 1, but H. cúri. cúrndbah, lime
cúnndü
G. cùnố, M. cùns, but H. cúmi. Citrakah, a leopard
citàü
M. citá, but H. cit). kialah, a worm
Hiddü
M. kidá, but H. kira. fiksital, learned
sikkhiü
M. sikhá, but H. sikh). mistàķah, sweet
mitdü
M. mithá, but H. mithi. sucikah, a tailor
sticiü
M. sucí, but H. súci. uffikā, a betel-roll vidia
M. bidt, but H. biri. Again, in other terminations
histini, she elephant hátthini M. hauin, but H. háthini. bhágini, a sister
bábini
M. bahin, B. bàhín, but H. báhin. And so in all other similar feminines in M. Compare $ 142 (kanās, etc.). But a similar change occurs in other languages; thus
dybtakam, gambling júdù or jüáu P. júá, but 8. H. jūá. dipakaḥ, a light
divdü or divár P. díyá, but H. divá. abhváñjitah, anointed abbhiijiü H. bhijá, but M. Bg. 0. A. bhijá, wet. abhyántarē, within
abbhintaras H. baftar, but M. Bg. 0. A. bhilár. 1 The accuracy of this statement has been doubted by eminent scholars, but further inquiry has not induced me to alter it. It is based on Bhn., 137,- There is a rule, which in M. is almost universal, and in G. often observable, in virtue of which the accent or the whole weight of the sound of a word falls on the final à or of nouns in the former, and the final 8 or in the latter; and the preceding vowels are rendered short, while in the original Sanskrit and in Hindi they are long. He then gives as oxamples M. kidå: M. bhila; G. kuwd ; M. cita; M. cuda ; G. cudo ; M. cund; G. eund. He gives further examples on p. 161. On the point of the question of the correct pronunciation of these two languages, Dr. Bhandarkar's evidence is entitled to great respect. As regards M., Molosworth's dictionary gives kid and kidå, cita, cuda. cùn, and ound, all of which exactly boar out his remarks. A. Master (JBRA, NS. I, 80) combats Bhn's statement about Gujarati, and maintains that the words are kudo, cũdo, and cūno. It is here probably a question of dialect, G. Dy. gives only kuto, but both cudo and cludo, cund and clino.
Turner, in JRAS., 1916, given a different explanation of these forms with the stress-accent on the final syllablo. For Gujarati, on p. 220, he donies that the shortening of the penultimate is due to final stress, and maintains that it is due to the essential character of the vowels i and u, which are peculiarly liable to shortening. As regards Marathi (pp. 231 ft.) he follows Piachel's theory (5 138, n. 2) that in Maharatri Prakrit, though not in Saurasent, etc., the streee accent is a subetitute for the old Vedic tones, and is not subject to the rules for strens accent given for other languages. In Marathi, be maintains that the effects of Vedie tonee can still be observed. His arguments are interesting, but are too compiicated to give here. Under any circumstances, the facts of the present day are as given above.
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