Book Title: Indian Antiquary Vol 61
Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications
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OCTOBER, 1932 1
CHANGE OF QUANTITY
[ $$ 169-171
In all these last cases of lengthening, there is a secondary accent on the Prakrit penultimate, see $ 145.
169. In Dardic, we have seen that compensatory lengthening is rare. We can quote the following:
Skr. nasyati; KI. V nas., die. Av. karana-, Skr. karna-; Bš. kör, Wai., Kh. kar, Paš. kār, My. kāņ, but Ks. Tas, kan,
ş. kon, Grw. kyan. Av. aspa-; Kl. has (through *ašp, *ašs), but $. ašpu, horse. Av. dantan., Prs. dandan, Skr, danta ; Aš. dönt, dont, Paš, dånd (for dåd). My, dün, but
others dāt, dand, dan, let-em, &c., tooth. Skr. nasta-; §. nāto, Paš. (not compensatory) näst, Kl. natc-ur, but others nath ur, nast,
nat, &c., nose. Examples of a being lengthened, but not in compensation are : Av. Zara., Skr. khara-; Paš. kār, V. kõru (with epenthesis of u), but others khar,
kur, 8.99. Skr, dirasa.; Paš, davās, dwis, Wai, wüs, Gwr, bā, but others bas, dõh, day.
Av. Skr. r kar; Kl. v kār- (perhaps from kūrya-), others kar-, &c., do. Lengthening of i is more rare. We have :
Av. nishišaiti, Skr. nipidati; Paš. V ni-, but others niš., nis-, &c., sit.
Grw. jibh, a tongue (borrowed from IAV.) For lengthening of u, we have
Skr. uttis thati; AX, KI. rūsts, but others udt, uth-, woth., &c., rise. Skr. us tra-; Wai, ūk (probably borrowed from Pašto ūx), a camel. Skr. puspa-; Wai. pūš, Kl. pūg-ik, Ks. poš (compensatory lengthening), a flower. Skr. kukku ta-; Grw, kūkur, Kh, kūku (compensatory lengthening), a cock. Av. putra-; Skr. putra-; Kl. pūtr, M. pūth, Trw. $. pūc, Grw. pūc, pūt, but others pulr,
puc, &o., & son. Except where the lengthening is clearly compensatory, I do not venture to suggest any reason for these changes of quantity, as our knowledge of these languages is as yet imperfect.
170. Shortening of Long Vowels :
In Pr. long vowels were frequently shortened under the influence of stress-accent (Pr. Gr. $$ 79 ff.). The same shortening is naturally carried on into the IA VS. E.g. Skr. kumarah (Pr. Gr. & 81), M.Pr. kúmaro, M. kúmar. In Saurasēni Pr. and Māgadhi Pr. the long a in this word was retained, but this is not the case now in the modern Sr. and Mg.country. Here also the vowel is shortened as in B.EH.H. kuwar, a prince. This is probably due to the influence of literary M.Pr. (see $ 60). Exactly parallel is the S. lúhar, a blacksmith (S.Gr., xiii). from Skr. Bhakára), Pr. löháro (Pr. Gr. & 167) through loharo, with change of accent, and shortening of the accented syllable because it falls in the antepenultimate. Another similar case is the S. tárgu for *tarāsu, from Skr. trasah with anaptysis of a. The preservation of the conjunct tr is typical of Dardic, whose influence extended into Sindh (see $$ 10, 24, 25, 35).
When vowels are shortened, in writing, e, as a rule, becomes i, as in H. bifiyri, a daughter, from bati, and o similarly becomes u, as in S. luhar", above ; but in EH. and B. they often remain unchanged in appearance, but really become e and o respectively. Thus, béfiya (written befiya), lohár (written lõhär). The vowel à is shortened to d, not to , in those languages which possess the vowel &.
171. As regards the shortening of long vowels in the IAVs. themselves, the following general rules may be noted. It is often due to the influence of the stress-accent, vide $$ 142,
