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NOVEMBER, 19281
THOMAS CANA
211
the Holy Places (c. 383–388). In the Life of Barlaam and Josaphat (5th-7th century) we read that India had its monks in imitation of Egypt. Cf. Migne, PL., 73; 445.
8. The Bishop of Antioch coming after another bishop.This must be wrong. Our writer stands alone here. Thomas Cana is here made to bring the two bishops in turn. The first time the bishop appears to be he of Oruoy or Edessa with his party of colonists, in which case there is no reason for bringing still another bishop from Antioch. The only apparent reason is that our author, confusing Oruoy with Antioch, felt the need of bringing & bishop from both places.
9. The Dareoygul (Dhariyai kal)127.- This is explained by our writer (op. cit., p. 192) as meaning "those who were unmoved," i.e. the Christians of only 8 families, out of an original 64, who persevered during the persecution of Månikkavachakar ; 96 out of 160 families, he contends, apostatised outright from the beginning and became known as Munneygramacar,' or "the disciples of Måņikkavassel.” In the list of the 18 castes by whom the Christians were to be judged (cf. his note to p. 194 op. cit.) we have" the head Munnigraummumatsheen or Manikavassel's disciples, Sooders or Nairs." There seems to be indeed among the Malabar Christians138 a tradition that these are apostato Christians. Was this Manikka Vachakar possibly a Manichean? There would seem to have been a vast apostasy in Malabar, if we are right in identifying with King Antra yos119 (Andrew) of Cranganore the deacon-king Xanthippus-Xenophon of Sandaruk-Andrapolis-Andranopolis, converted by St. Thomas at the first town in India 130 where he landed, i.e., the king at whose court the marriage feast took place.
10. The Colaycoyle.-Might these not be the Christians of Parur, also called Parur KottakkAyal, and corruptly Kutkayel in Land's Anecdota? There is a touch of tradition here. Roz (1604) states that the first Christians found by Thomas Cana were those of Parur.131
The Angelica must be the Tamil anjili-maram (Artocarpus hirsuta, Lam.) : & wood of great value on the Western Coast for ship-building, house-building, eto. Cf. Hobson-Jobson, 8.0. angely-wood133
The following list133 of privileges said to have been granted to Thomas Cana is taken from an anonymous MS. by a missionary, who in or after 1676 was living at the Carmelita Church of Anjicaimal (Ernakulam). His name, I suggest, is Fr. Matthew of St. Joseph, who
197 The Darsoygul are Tarislykka!, literally orthodox Christians. The term Tarisa Church occurs in the Quilon copper-plates of c, 880. According to John de Monte Corvino (c. 1300) the Christians of China too were called Tarsa. In Malayalam songs and prose accounts of the 17th, 18th centuries the term Tarut ykkal is applied to all Christians—those of Malabar, of Mylapore and even the Portuguese. It was & synonym for the Latin word 'Christiani,' which has displaced the old term Tarutâykkal. 'Unmoved' is not the true sense of the word. It is from a Syriac word meaning orthodox. Tartary Christians too were Tegns.
1:8 The old mon among the Hindu Manigramakkar themselves admit that their ancestors were Christians.
199 The spurious song of 1601 stands alone in giving the name Andrew to the king of Cranganore. 180 Most other authoritios say that Andrapolis or Sandaruk was outside modern India altogether. 131 Parur and Cranganore are very close to each other. Cotaycoyle is Kottakkavil, Parur.
133 Angelica is danili, Artocarpus hirsuta, which yields durable timber used for a variety of purpobow. It may be called the teak of the lowlands.
193 Mont of the privileges in this list correspond to those in footnote 100. No. & White cloth spread on a carpet is a seat of honour used even now at marriage feaste. Only the chief olders can sit on it. No. 12Fr. Monserrato wrote from Cochin in 1579 of the custom existing in this Malavar that there is no pollution between these Christians and the Nayres, nor penalty of death, if there be marriage or friendship, whereas, according to the custom of the land, there is, if they communicate, stay, or marry with other creates higher or lower than custom allows to them." (Ind. Ant. for July, 1927, p. 130). No. 13-Cheremellas resembles Malayalam Charmangalam in sound. The Malayalam word means gong, but ita derivation is not known From alambore comes the Malayalam word tampére a kind of drum.
