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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[DECEMBER, 1928
the Musalman attacks and inroads till the date of his death. After the death of Devaraya II of Vijayanagara and the consequent confusion in the southern Hindu empire, the control of the empire of Vijayanagara over the eastern coast of Bay of Bengal ceased and Kapilêndra, secure from attacks from the west, extended his dominions as far as Tanjore and Trichinopoly. The Munnur inscription gives the area of his southern dominion in the following words, Kapilêsvara Kumara Mahapatra', as the chief is called, was the son of Ambîradeva, and is stated by both records to have been previously the Pariksha (Viceroy) of Kondavidu. But at the time of the inscription he was in the position of the Pariksha of Kondavidu, Kondapalle, Addanki, Vinukonda, Padaividu," Valudilampattu-Usivadi, Tiruvarur, Tiruchchilapalle (Trichinopoly) and Chandragiri."23 This list shows that the eastern Tamil country with the exception of Madura and Tinnevelly in the extreme south had been conquered by Kapilêndra from the emperors of Vijayanagara, just as he had wrested Telingana above the Ghâts from the Sultans of Bidar. There could have been no love lost between Kapilêndra of Orissa and the Bahmani Sultans, and consequently the dramatist Gangadhara's statement in the Ganga-dása Pratapavilásam cannot be regarded as accurate. There is further epigraphical corroboration about Kapilêndra's relations with the Sultan of Bidar in the Krishna plates of Ganadeva of Kondavidu dated 1435 A.D. Ganadeva claims to have defeated two Turushka princes, evidently of the Bahmanî dynasty, as there was no other Musalman monarchy in South India at that time except the Bahmani empire. It cannot be understood why at Munnur, a place included within the dominions of Kapilêndra, he is called Kumara and Mahápátra ten years after the date of the Krishna copper-plates. Of course in his own country Kapilêśvara was acknowledged as the king in all inscriptions with proper titles. He is called Gaudesvara, Gajapati, Karnata-Kalabarakesvara and Mahârâja. Most of these titles are given in the short votive inscriptions in the temples of Jagannath of Puri and the Lingaraj temple at Bhuvanesvar.24 They are not given in detail in the Gopinathpur inscription.25 In Ganadeva's copper plate grant he is called Kapilêndra Gajapati in the metrical portion. There cannot be any doubt therefore of the fact that the titles Kumâra and Mahâpâtra in the Mun-, nur inscription are due to the ignorance of the scribe about the titles and real position of Kapilėsvara.
Ganadeva's Krishna inscription raises some interesting points, which were not decided when it was deciphered in 1891. Ganadeva was clearly the viceroy of Kondavidu, but he came of the same family as the emperor Kapilêsvara himself. His grandfather's name was Chandradeva and his father's name was Guhideva. Yet he is called Râutaraya. The Telugu scribe spells it Rautarâya as well as Râhuttaraya, but this is really the same as the Oriya term Râutaraya, which is applied to the younger sons of Orivâ chiefs of the present day. I learn that in the Mayurbhanj State the king's eldest son is called Tikdit, the second son the Chhotaraya and the third son Râutaraya.26 Râuta cannot be Ráhutta, but on the other hand is the same as the Rávat of Rajputana. The Krishna inscription shows that in the sixteenth century a man of a collateral branch of the royal family also could be called Râutaraya. Another interesting term is the adjective Ayapa applied to Ganadeva. Ayapa is the corruption of
21 Mr. H. Krishna Sastri thinks that he was Viceroy of the Kondavidu and Dapdapada. In reality Dandapât means a Viceroyalty in Oriya and is not the name of a place.
22 Mr. Krishna Sastri uses the word Dandapada a second time after Vinukonda, which shows that this place was the seat of the Oriya Viceroy of the extreme south.
13 Ibid., p. 106.
24 JASB., vols. LXII, 1893, pp. 92-93. In 1926 I succeeded in saving these valuable inscriptions at Bhuvanesvar, but the authorities of Puri Temple have destroyed these valuable records in their own temple by covering them with cement and plaster. My attempts to clean them failed.
25 Ibid., vol. LXIX, 1900, pp. 175-78.
2 Twenty-five questions addressed to the Rajahs and Chiefs of the Regulation and Tributary Mahals by the Superintendent in 1814, and the answers given thereto illustrating the established practice in regard to succession to the guddee, &c., Calcutta, Bengal Secretariat Book Depôt, reprinted 1905, p. 5.
