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Santal Pargana (Maha-Lingewara Tantra). Chutia, now an insignificant village two mileg to the east of Ranchi, was, according to tradition, the earliest capital of the Nagavamsi Râjâs of Chota Nagpur, the descendants of the Naga (snake) Puņdarika (Bradloy.Birt's Chota Nagpur, chs. I, III). Jirşanagara-Juner in the district of Poona. Acoording to Dr. Bhandarkar (Hist.
of the Dekkan, sec. viii), it was the capital of the Kshatrapa king Nahapana whose
dynasty was subverted by Pulamayi, king of Paithan. Jushkapura-Zukur in Kasmira. . Jvalamukhi-A celebrated place of pilgrimage (Devi-Bhagavata, vii, 38), 22 miles south
of Kangra and 10 miles north-west of Nadaun in the Kohistan of the Jalandhara Doab in the Dehra sub-division of the Kangra district, being one of the Pithas where Sati's tongue is said to have fallen Tantra-chudamani. The town is thus desoribed by W. H. Parish in JASB., vol. XVIII: "The town of Jválâmukhf is large and straggling, and is built at the base of the western slope of the Jvalamukhi or Chungar-ki-dbar. The town with the wooded slopes of Chungar forming the background, and the valley spread out before it, has a very picturesque appearance from a distance." The celebrated temple has been cut out of the volcanio rook. It possesses no aro bitectural beauty, nor anything worthy of notioo exoopt natural jets of gas whioh are ton in number, five being within the temple and five on its walls. The temple contains the image of Ambika or Matesvari, but General Cunningham says that there is no idol of any kind, the flaming figure being considered as the fiery mouth of the goddess whose headless body is in the temple of Bhawan (Arch. S. Rep., vol. V, p. 171). According to an ancient tradition, the flame issued from the mouth of the Daitya Jalandhara. It is evidently the Bačava of the Mahabharata (Vana, oh. 82). The Jvalamukhi mountain is 3,284 feet high, the temple
being at a height of 1,882 feet. Jyotiratha-A tributary of tho river Sona (Mbh., Vana P., oh. 85). It has been identified with
the Johila, the southern of the two sources of the Sons (Pargiter's Markandeya P., P. 296). Jyotirlingas-For the twelve Jyotir-liógas of Mahadeva, see Amarosvara. Jyotirmasha-One of the four Machas established by Sarkarkohäryya, at Badrinath
(see Sriógagirl). It is now oallod Joshimath on the Alskinandå in Kumaun. Jyotisha-Same as Jyotiratha (Vishnu Samhita, ch. 85).
K Kabandha-The territory of Sarik-kul and its capital Tashkurghan in the Tagdambash Pamir. It is the Kie-pan-to of Hiuen Tsiang (Sir Henry Yule's Marco Polo, vol. I, pp.
164, 163, 166 ; Dr. Stein's Sand-buried Ruins of Khotan, p. 72). Bee Kupatha. Kachchha.-1. Cutch: it was called Marukachchha (By ihat-samhita, ch. XIV) in contra
distinction to Kaasik Kachchha. 2. Kaira (Kheda) in Gujarat, a large town between Ahmadabad and Cambay (Sambày), on the river Betravati (present Båtrak). 3. Ferhaps
Uch (see ŚOdraka). 4. Kachar in Assam. Kallasa.-The Kailasa mountain : it is the Kangrinpoche of the Tibetans, situated about
25 miles to the north of Manas-sarovara beyond Gangri which is also called Darchin. and to the east of the Niti Pass. (Batten's Ntti Pass in J ASB., 1838, p. 314.) It is & spur of the Gangri range, and is said to be the abode of Mahadeva and Parvati. "In pioturesque beauty" says H. Strachoy in JASB., 1848, p. 168, “Kailass far surpasses the big Gurla or any other of the Indian Himalaya that I have ever seen : it is full of majestyking of mountains." Through the ravines on either side of the mountain is the passage
