________________
LAK
113
LAN
country of Gauda (Tawney : Merutunga's Prabandhachintamani, p. 181). It stood on the left bank of the Ganges. It was the capital of Bengal in 730 A.C. (Rennell's Memoir - of a Map of Hindoostan, p. 55), which date, however, does not appear to be correct. Lakshmana Sena, the son and successor of Ballála Sena and grandson of Vijaya Sena, and great-grandson of Hemanta Sena, the son of Samanta Sena (Deopåra inscription: Ep. Ind., 1, 3), is said to have greatly embellished the city of Gaud with temples and other public buildings, and called it after his own name, Laknauti or Lakshmaņåvati (Martin's East. Ind., III, p. 68). He was a great patron of Sanskrit literature. Jaya Deva of Kenduli,—the author of the celebrated lyric Gita Govinda (Bhavishya P., Pratisarga, Pt. IV, ch. IX), Umâpatidhara, the commentator of the Kalapa grammar and minister of Lakshmana Sena (Prabandha-chintamani, p. 181), Govarddhana Acharya, the spiritual guide of Lakshmana Sena and author of the Arya-sa ptajati, Sarana, and Dhoyi (who is called Kavi Kshamapati-srutidhara by Jaya Deva in his Gita-Govinda), the author of the Pavana-data, were called the Pancharatna or five gems of Lakshmana Sena's court in imitation of the Nava-ratna or nine gems of Vikramaditya (Ind. Ant., Vol. XIV, p. 183 n.) Haláyudha, the author of a dictionary and the spiritual adviser of the monarch, and Sridharadása, the author of the Sadukti Karnámrita also flourished in his court. Lakshmana Sena founded the Lakshmana Samvat (era) in 1108 A.D. (Dr. R. L. Mitra's Buddha Gaya, p. 201), but according to Dr. Bühler, in 1119 A.D. (Deopárd Inscription of Vijayasena : Ep. Ind., Vol. I, p. 307). Hunter considers that the name of Gauda was more applicable to the kingdom than to the city (Hunter's Statistical Account of Bengal, Vol. VII, p. 51; Bhavishya P., Pratisarga P., Pt. II, ch. 11). For the destruction of Gauda and the transfer of Muhammadan capital to Rajmahal in 1592, (see Bradley-Birt's Story of an Indian Upland, ch. 2). 2. Lucknow in Oudh. It is said to have been founded by Lakshmana, brother of Ramachandra, king of Oudh. It was repaired by Vikramaditya, king of Ujjayini. The town was first made the seat of government by Asaf-ud. Daulah in 1775 (Conder's Modern Traveller, Vol. IX, p. 296). See Lucknow in Pt. II,
of this work. Lakuliss-See Nakulisa. Lampaka-Lamghan, on the northern bank of the Kabul river near Peshawar (Hemakosha;
Lassen's History traced from Bactrian and Indo-Scythian Coins in JASB., 1840, P. 486; Brahmanda P., Parva, ch. 48). It is also called Muranda. It is 20 miles north-west
of Jalalabad. Lampaka-Same as Lampaka (Markdnd. P., ch. 67). Länguli-Same as Largulini. (Mbh., Sabha, ch. 9). Lan gulini-The river Länguliya on which Chicacole is situated, between Vizianagram and
Kalinga patam (Pargiter's Markandeya P., ch. 67, p. 305). It is also called Naglandi
river (Thornton's Gazetteer, 8. v. Ganjam). Lanka-1. Ceylon. 2. The town of Laukå or Laikapataram is said to be a mountain on the south-east corner of Ceylon; it is described as Trikata or three-peaked in the Ramdyana (Sundara K., ch. I) and was the abode of Râvana (Lanka Kånda, ch. 125). It is believed by some to be the present Mantotte in Ceylon, others think is to be a town submerged (Mutu Coomara Swamy's Da thavansa, p. 97). There is a place called Nikumbhild, about 40 miles from Colombo, where Indrajita performed his sacrifice (Buddhist Text Society's Journal, Vol. III, Pt. I, Appendix). There are some very good reasons to suppose that Lanků and Ceylon are not identical islands ; (1) the Ramayana (Kishk. K., ch. 41) says that one must cross the river Tamraparni and go to the south
