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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[DECEMBER, 1895.
B. THE VERB.
18. Kasmiri verbs are quoted in the Infinitive form; thus, wys karun, to do, to make.
The infinitive is, properly speaking, of a shortened form of the Noun of Action in as ang. The Root, or Verbal Stem, is always the same as the 2nd person singular of the Imperative; thus, kar, make. 17. As regards form, Verbs are either -
(1) Primitive, as s karun, to make; or (2) Derivative, that is either - (a) Causals, like ugas mokalávun, to release (from uko mokalun, to be
free); and Double-Causals, like , Le máranávun,to cause to slay (from
who marun, to die, Causal u le marun, to cause to die, to slay). (6) Denominatives, - derived from nouns, e. g., from bod, 10 great,
bodun, 1 to become great, to increase; or (3) Compound, i, e., used in conjunction with nouns like wys hukum karun,
to make an order, to command. In regard to meaning, Verbs are either (a) transitive, or (b) intransitive. Except in tenses formed from the past participle, both are conjugated in the same way. There is thus, properly, only one conjugation,
Formation of Causals. 18. The proper formative of Causals is the syllable I av. This is added either
(a) directly to the verbal stem ; e. g., uşi bachun, to be saved (to remain over anda bove): wyl bachávun, to rescue (from the stem & bach); c?s diun, to give (stem 83.di), causal ugles dyávun. Monosyllabic stems in 1, sh, k, and m insert a enphonic, before av: e. g., balun, to be convalescent, wgiel balrāvun (stem Ji bal), milo mashun, to be forgotten wylio mashrávun, to forget; or
(b) more usually to the [oblique) noun of action in a - ang; e.g., wir bozun, to hear, [obl.) noun of action, ás;g bôzang, Causal usuist bôzanávun, to cause to hear; w0! behun, to set, cansal wil behanávun, to give a seat to a person, to ask to sit down. Sometimes both forms occar for the same verb; as in the case of use phutun, to sink, to burst, causal wg tin phuļárun and uglies phufandvun, to cause to sink, to drown, to split (active).
(2) Some verbs merely lengthen the root-vowel; e.g., wwo marun, to die, wjho múrun, to cause to die, to kill; wy harun, to fall, wyle hárun, to let fall. Irregular is womes khas un, to climb; www.lps khasun and 345 khárun, to cause to climb, to lift up, to pull up.
. (It is really the nominative of an oblique base in ang – vide $ 19.1 10 [Elmolie, baud.) (Elmalie badun.!
