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110 INDIA AS DESCRIBED IN PARLY TEXTS Thus it is very probable that Utkala in Uttarāpatha, with Pokkharavati as its chief town, formed a part of the kingdom of Gandhāra. So far as the Apadāna reference is concerned, the association of the Okkalas with the Mekalas hardly leaves room for doubt that they belonged to Ukkala, which, together with Odda, constituted Orissa proper. The Apadāna list contains also the name of the Oddakas whose dialect, as already noted, was counted among the instances of Milakkhabhāsā. Certain classes of thinkers, namely, the ahetuvādā, akiriyavādā and natthikavādā, are banned as Ukkalāvassabhaññā, i.e., persons speaking the unintelligible jargon of the country of the Okkalas'.1 The Bhaggas, associated in the Apadāna with the Kārūşas whom the Mārkandeya Purāna allocates to the Vindhya region, were a people who founded a territory contiguous
to that of the Vamsas or Vacchas. Their i capital was Sumsumāragira. In the Buddha's
time their country became a dependency of the kingdom of Vaocha and was being governed. by Prince Bodhi, son of king. Udena, who built a magnificent palace called Kokanada at Sumsumāragira. A branch of the Bhaggas,
1 Angultara, ü, p. 31; Majjhima, iii, p. 78. Buddhaghosa wrongly explains the expression as signifying two persona, Vassa and Bhañiä, whd were natives of Ukkala.
Angruttura, ii, p. 61; Majjhima, i, p. 332,
