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ŚVETÄMBARA CANONICAL LITERATURE
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century AD, like Skandila, Nāgārjuna, etc. The Bhārata (or Mahābhārata), Rāmāyaṇa, the Arthaśāstra of Kauțilya, Bhāgavata Purāņa, Pātañjala, etc. are mentioned in a passage281 of the text. The reference to the Bhāgavata is interesting since it shows that this particular Purāna existed at such an early date. The Anuyogadvāra285 is ascribed to Aryarakṣita. It too has a cūrņi by Jinadāsagani and a ţikā by Haribhadra. The passage that refers to the Bhārata, Rāmāyaṇa, Arthaśāstra, Bhagavata, etc. also occurs with slight variation in this text. 286
The two works Pinda287 and Oghaniryukt7288 are also sometimes regarded as Agamic texts. They too contain various rules for the monks and are ascribed to Bhadrabāhu. There is a quotation from Cāņakya in the Oghaniryukti.289 Both the texts have commentaries.
The Angavijā, 290 or the text dealing with the science of prognostication, though not a part of the Jaina canon, is one of the most remarkable Jaina sacred texts. This science was known to the Buddhists291 and Brahmanical Hindus292 from quite early times. The present text of the Angavijjā is a product of the early centuries of the Christian era and has altogether sixty chapters. This work has been fittingly described as a treasure-house for the cultural history of India of the early Christian period.293 Like the Arthaśāstra of Kautilya, it throws light on administration, social and cultural life We have long lists of professions, 294 ornaments,295 food-grains, 296 conveyances, 297 textiles, 298 eatables, 299 deities, 300 and many other important items. The list of coins301 given in this text is extremely interesting and as informative. We not only have the names of wellknown coins like dināra, suvarna, kāhāpaņa, purāņa, nāņaka, kākani, etc., but also two new names not found elsewhere in the early Indian literature. They are ksatrapaka02 and sateraka. 503 The first type was obviously the coins issued by Kșatrapa kings of Ujjayini. This type has been identified by scholars with the rudradāmaka 04 coins mentioned by Buddhaghoșa. The second type of coin, the sateraka, is the Sanskrit or Prāksta equivalent of Greek 'stater' which was introduced by Indo-Greek kings.
This text also throws welcome light on the different types of boats. Among the more interesting are the Koțțimba, Tappaka, and Sanghāļa. 305 It is of great interest that all these three types of boats are mentioned by the author of the Periplus, 30 a text of the second half of the first century AD. Tappaka of this text is evidently identical with Trappaga of Periplus and Kottimba with Cotymba; Sanghāda
