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A COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF JAINISM
like Haribhadra, Devagupta, Yasovardhana, Ravigupta, Nemicandra, etc. had honoured this text.273 It has six adhyayanas and two cūlikās. There are a few interesting stories which make it fairly readable. The Vyavahāra274 is also an interesting canonical text dealing with rules of the Jaina church. It is ascribed to Bhadrabāhu and has altogether ten chapters. The niryukti on this text is written by Bhadrabāhu himself; there is a bhāsya on it by an unknown author, and a commentary by, Malayagiri. This text also throws considerable light on the everyday life of the Jaina monks. The fourth Chedasūtra text Daśāśrutaskandha, 275 is quite well-known because its eighth chapter (adhyayana) is the famous Kalpasūtra.276 The work is ascribed to Bhadrabāhu, who it appears, should be distinguished from Bhadrabāhu the author of several niryuktis. The earlier sections of the Daśāśrutaskandha, like other Chedasūtra texts, deals with the disciplinary rules of the Jaina monks. The eighth section, i.e., the Kalpasūtra gives a very authentic account of Mahāvīra's life, which we have already discussed. In the ninth chapter of this work Kūņika is represented as meeting Lord Mahāvīra in the Pūrņabhadra shrine of Campā. This reminds me of the Aupapātikasutra, where the meeting of the two has been elaborately described. The last section refers to Srenika's meeting with Mahāvīra at Rājagsha.
The fifth Chedasūtra text is the Kalpa or the Bịhatkalpa. 277 There is a niryukti, a bhāsya and a vivaraña on it. The niryukti and bhāsya verses are, however, indistinguishable. The work is divided into six sections. In an important passage in the first section a monk is asked not go beyond Anga-Magadha in the east, Kausāmbi in the south, Thūņā (possibly Sthāneśvara) in the west, and Kuņālavișaya (North Kośala) in the north. This possibly proves that the text was composed at a time when Jainism had not reached Gujarat, Kalinga, or any other distant part of India. There are interesting details in other sections of this text. The Pañcakalpa278 is the same as the present Pancakalpamahābhāsya, which was formerly a part of the Brhatkalpabhāșya. The bhāsya is written by Sanghadāsagani. A few regard Titakalpasūtra279 written by Jinabhadragani as a Chedasūtra text.
We should now turn our attention to the two texts, the Nandisutra and the Anuyogadvāra, which are not strictly canonical works, but were regarded as sacred texts from very early times. The Nandisutra?80 has a cūrņ7281 by Jinadāsagani and a tīkā282 by Haribhadra. Malayagiri also wrote a commentary on it.28% The original Nandīsūtra has 90 gāthās and 59 sutras. It even refers to teachers who lived in the fif
