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REVIEWS
225
indischen Philosophie zur Zeit Mahāvīras und Buddhas (Leipzig, 1902) examines the different philosophical systems which existed at the time of the Buddha and the Mahāvīra. Of particular importance is Schrader's exploration of the Jain sources which he had studied under the guidance of Ernst Leumann in Strassburg. Schrader's thesis is often quoted and its reprint in the Kleine Schriften is extremely welcome (pp. V-X, 1-78). Also reprinted in this volume are almost all his articles on the Bhagavadgitā (pp. 227-294) and his book on The Kashmir Recension of the Bhagavadgită, Stuttgart, 1930 (pp. 173-226). Not included is Schrader's reply (JRAS, 1935, pp. 146-149) to Edgerton's detailed review of Schrader's book (JAOS, 52, 1932, pp. 68-75). Schrader's theories were subjected to a detailed examination by S. K. Belvalkar ("The So-called Kashmir Recension of the Bhagavadgita', New Indian Antiquary, Vol. II, No. 4, pp. 211-251) but Schrader does not seem to have tried to refute his criticisms, which Belvalkar later summarised in the introduction to his edition of the Bhişmaparvan (Poona, 1945-1947, pp. LXXVIII-LXXXIII). 1
The section entitled 'Sprachwissenschaft' contains articles on the Siamese Alphabet (pp. 343-388) and on the relations between Dravidian and Uralian (pp. 389-432). Schrader advanced the hypothesis that primitive Dravidians entered India from the north-west with Uralian elements already assimilated (cf. p. 432). Other articles deal with the postposition of the partitive genitive in the three Indian language families: Aryan, Dravidian and Munda ('Ein syntaktisches Problem der indischen Sprachfamilien', pp. 433-442), the etymology of anala (pp. 443-445), the influence of Dravidian in Sankarānanda's Bhagavadgita-vyakhyā ('A Curious Case of Idiomatic Sanskrit', pp. 446-447), an explanation of the name Kalki(n) (pp. 448 - 456) and the etymology of Sanskrit heváka (pp. 457-459).
The other sections (1. Indische Philosophie; 2. Indische Religions-geschichte; 4. Buddhismus; 6. Ethnologie und Prähistorie) contain mainly shorter articles and reviews. An exception is an article entitled 'On the Relation of Herakleitos the Dark to Some Contemporaries and Predecessors' (pp. 79-108) which was published in 1910. According to the editor, piety required the publication of this article which seems to have been dear to Schrader. Useful is the reprint of Schrader's edition of the Başkalamantropanisadvịtti, which was discovered by him and first published as an appendix to his A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Adyar Library (Madras, 1908, pp. 307-315).
Schrader's Kleine Schriften have been edited with great care by Professor Sprockhoff, who has known Schrader since 1948. He has taken great pains in editing Schrader's addenda and corrigenda (cf. Zum Geleit, p. VIII) which relate mainly to his doctoral thesis and to his article on the silver kettle found in Gundestrup ("Indische Beziehungen eines nordischen Fundes', pp. 469-480, 495-499). Another appendix contains a list of printing errors. The following have escaped the notice of the editor: p. 42, note 3: read svabhavataḥ for svabhayatah; p. 59, note 4: read enoxń for atroxń; p. 63, note 6: read ātmanah svabhāvāc for ātmanaḥ svahhā vāc; p. 75, note 1: read paryanuyoga for paryanuyoya. On p. 487, second line from below: read Tsuji Naoshiro for Suji Naoshiro. Three Indexes (1. names and subjects; 2. texts quoted; 3. words) are due to Werner F. Menski and Ulrike Niklas (pp. 505-520). In the last index the page references are not always complete. For instance, kūtastha 481; add 122; pari-hr-325; add 985. This volume is a very welcome addition to the publications of the Glasenapp-Stiftung.
NOTE
1 See also Louis Renou's remarks, JA, 1946-1947, pp. 144-145; JA, 1950, pp. 402-403.
