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FROM THE EDITOR'S PEN
PODROBNOSTI PAPARODBORA ODABODARCOS
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Jain Agamic literature occupies a special position in Indian literature. It is important not only from the spiritual and philosophical angle but also from the angle of understanding ancient Indian social systems and cultural heritage as well as acquiring information about various diverse religious traditions and schools. Without the study of Jain Agams the study of Indian religions and culture remains incomplete. RELEVANCE OF THE TERM UPANGA
In ancient times or during Bhagavan Mahavir's period there were two classifications of Agams. First of which was Purvas (the subtle canons numbering fourteen) and Angas. The Purvas were studied by exceptionally accomplished and endowed Shramans who indulged in special austerities and meditation. The study of Angas was compulsory for all Shramans. The second classification was Anga Pravisht (Angas proper) and Anga Bahya (other than the Angas). Anga Pravisht (Angas proper) Agams included twelve Anga Sutras inclusive of Drishtivad. All the remaining Agams were Anga Bahya (other than the Angas). After the nirvana of Bhagavan Mahavir when Agams were re-compiled they were classified in a different way-Anga Agam (Angas proper) and Upanga Agam (Auxiliary Angas). Sub-categories like Mool and Chhed were evolved at a later date.
As stated, originally there were twelve Anga Sutras. However, with the extinction of Drishtivad only eleven Angas were extant. The number of Upangas is twelve. The term 'Upanga' (auxiliary parts) implies that these texts are connected with Angas. But there is no apparent mutual relationship or complementary nature in the subject matter of Angas and Upangas. The Upangas mostly deal with independent subjects. Why then they were called Upangas (auxiliary parts) ? This is a matter worth consideration.
After reviewing the opinions of the commentator acharyas and comprehensively studying the contents of Agams, Acharya Shri Atmaram ji M., a profound scholar and distinguished commentator in his own right, has stated-"On a cursory look there is no apparent and logical relationship of Upangas with Angas. But there certainly is an indirect relationship from the angle of a detailed and elaborate presentation of the themes of the Agams. That is why past acharyas have assigned one Upanga to each Anga."
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