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Notes Bk. II
281
with colour, smell, substance and touch are included in it. As a rule, matter from six directions are included, and they may be included without break or with break. The minimum lifespan of language is one time-unit, and the maximum less than 48 minutes. Matter constituting language is acquired by the activities of the physical body, and is thrown out in the form of words or speech. Asatya and satya-mşşå languages are spoken with the decline of karma enshrouding knowledge and vision, but with the rise of karma causing delusion, while satya and asatya-amrşă are spoken with the decline of karma enshrouding knowledge and vision. Smallest in number are those who speak satya ; innumerable times more are those who speak asatya-mrşā ; innumerable times more than the second are those who speak asatya ; innumerable times more than the third are those speaking asatya-amrşă; but infinite times more are those who speak not. Included in the last category are inadequate (undeveloped) organisms, the liberated souls, the rocklike steadfast (would-be-liberated) beings, and all one-organ beings.
32. Ratna-prabhā hell has a thickness of 1,80,000 yojanas. Leaving aside 1000 yojanas at the top and 1000 yojanas at the bottom, located in the remaining 1,78,000 yojanas are the 7,72,00,000 bhavanas which are the abodes of the Bhavanavāsi gods. They are born in the infinite portions of the sphere and they reside in the infinite portions of the sphere.
33. On the base of the kalpas (celestial abodes), we have as follows in the Jivābhigama Sutra :
ghanaudahipaiţthāņā surcbhavan, hunti dosu kappesu tisu vārpaitthāņā tadubhayasu-paiţthiya tisu ya teņa param uvarimagā āgasantarapaiţthiyā savve
[The first two kalpas are based on viscous water, the next three on viscous wind, and the next three on viscous water and viscous wind. Those above them have the sky as their base.)
