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Presidential Address
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'and theistic ). But the mysticism of Sāmkhya and Yoga did not appeal to the scientifically-minded who thought that it was necessary to investigate the properties (विशेष) of Nature and Spirit-(अनात्मा and ITTAT )-as we do of any other natural cbject of experience. In order to carry on this investigation, the agter divided Reality into certain categories and studied them in detail. But is not our investigation bound to go wrong unless our method is right ? Hence the necessity of a sound system of Logic (न्याय ). Thus न्याय Is a necessary addition to वैशेषिक. But Natural Philosophy (वैशेषिक) and Logic (न्याय) cannot satisfy man's spiritual needs. Moreover, people were frightened by the growing rationalism of the new schools. They compared the living rationalists to 'jackals howling against one another' (M. Bh. Santiparva) Consequently, “Back to the Vedas" was the next cry. And the first attempt in this direction was to systematize the teachings of the sacrificial section of the Brahmanas (मीमांसा-पूर्वमीमांसा
-कर्ममीमांसा). But the mechanical religion of पूर्वमीमांसा was soon found unsatisfactory, and was superseded by the spiritual religion of उत्तरमीमांसा or ब्रह्ममीमांसा which was a systematization of the teachings of the Upanishads—the gara. The last two were revivalist schools whose ancient prototypes were the schools of the Yājnikas (ritualists) and Brahmavids (the teachers of the Upanishads) respectively.
Such is the logical development of the six Darsanas of the Brāhmaṇas To prevent misunderstanding, it should be noted that no system wiped out of existence its predecessor, and so all the
