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________________ tatvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM paM. phUlacaMdrajI siddhAnta zAstrI, banArasa isa avasarpiNI kAla meM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mokSalAbha karane ke bAda anubaddha kevalI tIna aura zrutakevalI pAMca hue haiM / antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu the / inake kAlataka aMga-anaMga zruta apane mUla rUpa meM AyA hai| isake bAda uttarottara buddhibala aura dhAraNAzakti ke kSINa hote jAne se tathA mUla zruta ke prAyaH pustakArUDha kie jAne kI paripATI na hone se kramaza: vaha vicchinna hotA gayA hai| isa prakAra eka ora jahA~ mUla zruta kA abhAva hotA jA rahA thA vahA~ dUsarI ora zruta paramparA ko akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie aura usakA sIdhA sambandha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI divyadhvani se banAye rakhane ke lie jo aneka prayatna hue haiM unameM se anyatama prayatna tatvArthasUtra kI racanA hai| yaha eka aisI prathama ucca koTi kI racanA hai jaba jaina paramparA meM jaina sAhitya kI mUla bhASA prAkRta kA sthAna dhIre dhIre saMskRta bhASA lene lagI thI, isake saMskRta bhASA meM lipibaddha hone kA yahI kAraNa hai| 1. nAma isameM samyadgadarzana ke viSayarUpa se jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA vivecana mukhya rUpa se kiyA gayA hai, isalie isakI mUla saMjJA 'tattvArtha' hai| pUrva kAla meM isapara jitane bhI vRtti, bhASya aura TIkA grantha likhe gaye haiM una sabameM prAyaH isI nAma ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isakI racanA sUtra zailI meM huI hai, isalie aneka AcAryoM ne 'tattvArthasUtra' isa nAma se bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM isake mUla sUtroM meM kucha parivartana karake isapara vAcaka umAsvAti ne lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdi ke uttarArdha meM yA 8 vIM zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha meM tattvArthAdhigama nAma ke eka laghu grantha kI racanA kI', jo uttara kAla meM tattvArthAdhigama bhASya isa nAma se prasiddha huaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ise tattvArthAdhigama sUtra isa nAma se prasiddhi milane kA yahI kAraNa hai| kintu vaha paramparA bhI isake 'tattvArtha' 1. sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika, tattvArtha zlokavArtika Adi ke pratyeka adhyAya kI samApti sUcaka puSpikA aadi| jIvasthAna kAlAnuyoga dvAra, pR. 316 3. prastAvanA, sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 72 se| 4. tattvArthAdhigama bhASya, utthAnikA, zloka 2 / 3.
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha aura 'tattvArthasUtra' ina purAne nAmoM kA sarvazaH vismRta na kara sakI' / uttara kAla meM to prAyaH aneka zvetAmbara TIkA-TipaNIkAeM dvArA ekamAtra 'tattvArthasUtra' isa nAma ko hI eka svara se svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| zraddhAlu janatA meM isakA eka nAma mokSazAstra bhI pracalita hai| isa nAma kA ullekha isake prAcIna TIkAkAroM ne to nahIM kiyA hai| kintu isakA prArambha mokSamArga kI prarUpaNA se hokara isakA anta mokSa kI prarUpaNA ke sAtha hotA hai| jAna paDatA hai ki ekamAtra isI kAraNa se yaha nAma prasiddhi meM AyA hai| 2. grantha kA parimANa vartamAna meM tattvArthasUtra ke do pATha (digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya ) upalabdha hone se isake parimANa ke viSaya meM uhApoha hotA rahatA hai| kintu jaisA ki Age calakara batalAnevAle haiM, sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha hI mUla tattvArthasUtra hai| tadanusAra isake dasoM adhyAyoM ke sUtroM kI saMkhyA 357 hai| yathA-a. 1 meM sUtra 33, a. 2 meM sUtra 53. a. 3 meM sUtra 39, a. 4 meM sUtra 42, a. 5 meM sUtra 42, a. 6 meM sUtra 27, a. 7 meM sUtra 39, a. 8 meM sUtra 28, a. 9 meM sUtra 47 aura a. 10 meM sUtra 9, kula 357 sUtra / zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthAdhigama bhASya kI racanA hone para mUlasUtra pATha meM saMzodhana kara dasoM adhyAyoM meM jo sUtra saMkhyA nizcita huI usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai-a. 1 meM sUtra 35, a. 2 meM sUtra 52, a. 3 meM sUtra 18, a. 4 meM sUtra 53, a. 5 meM sUtra 44, a. 6 meM sUtra 26, a. 7 meM sUtra 34, a. 8 meM sUtra 26, a. 9 meM sUtra 49, a. 10 meM sUtra 7, kula 344 sUtra / 3. maMgalAcaraNa tattvArthasUtra kI prAcIna aneka sUtra pothiyoM meM tathA sarvArthasiddhi vRtti meM isake prArambha meM yaha prasiddha maMgala zloka upalabdha hotA hai-- mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM karmabhUbhRtAm / jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vande tadguNalabdhaye // kintu tattvArthasUtra kI prathama vRtti sarvArthasiddhi hai, usameM tathA uttara kAlIna anya bhASya aura TIkA granthoM meM ukta maMgala zloka kI vyAkhyA upalabdha na hone se katipaya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ukta maMgala zloka mUla grantha kA aMga nahIM hai| sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA meM hamane bhI isI mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / kintu do kAraNoM se hameM svayaM vaha mata sadoSa pratIta hai / spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai-- 1. siddhasenagaNi TIkA, adhyAya 1 aura 6 kI antima puSpikA / 2. prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI dvArA anudita tattvArtha sUtra / 3. vizeSa ke lie dekho, sarvArthasiddhi pra., pR. 17 se /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM 39 1 AcArya vidyAnaMda ukta maMgala zloka ko sUtrakAra kA svIkAra karate hue AptaparIkSA ke prArambha meM likhate haiM 'kiM punastatparameSTino guNastotraM zAstrAdau sUtrakArAH prAhuriti nigadyate / ' AptaparIkSA kA upasaMhAra karate hue ve punaH usI tathya ko duharAte haiMzrImattattvArthazAstrAdbhutasalilanidheriddharatnodbhavasya, protthAnArambhakAle sakalamalabhide zAstrakAraiH kRtaM yat / stotraM tIrthopamAnaM prathitapRthupathaM svAmimImAMsitaM tat / vidyAnandaiH svazaktyA kathamapi kathitaM satyavAkyArthasiddhayai // 123 / / prakRSTa samyadgarzanAdirUpI zlokoM kI utpatti ke sthAna bhUta zrImattatvArthazAstrarUpI adbhuta samudra kI racanA ke Arambha kAla meM mahAna mokSa patha ko prasiddha karanevAle aura tIrthopamasvarUpa jisa stotra ko zAstrakAroM ne samasta karmamala kA bhedana karane ke abhiprAya se racA hai aura jisakI svAmI (samantabhadra AcArya) ne mImAMsA kI hai usa stotra ke satya vAkyArtha kI siddhi ke lie vidyAnanda ne apanI zakti ke anusAra kisI prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai // 123 // isI tathya ko unhoMne punaH ina zabdoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai-- iti tattvArthazAstrAdau muniindrstotrgocraa| praNItAptaparIkSayaM vivAdavinivRttaye // 124 // isa prakAra tattvArthazAstra ke prArambha meM munIndra ke stotra ko viSaya karanevAlI yaha AptaparIkSA vivAda ko dUra karane ke lie racI gaI hai // 124 // Apta parIkSA ke ye ullekha asaMdigdha haiM / inase vidita hotA hai ki AcArya vidyAnanda ke samaya taka ukta maMgala zloka sUtrakAra kI kRti ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA thA / ___2. eka aura AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthasUtra para tattvArtha zlokavArtika nAmaka vistRta bhASya likhakara bhI usake prArambha meM isa maMgala zloka kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI aura dUsarI ora ve AptaparIkSA meM use sUtrakAra kA svIkAra karate haiN| isase isa tarka kA svayaM nirasana ho jAtA hai ki tattvArtha sUtra ke vRtti, bhASya aura TIkAkAroM ne ukta maMgala zloka kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI, isalie vaha sUtrakAra kA nahI hai / sthiti yaha hai ki svAmI samantabhadra dvArA tattvArthasUtra ke ukta maMgala zloka kI svatantra vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM Apta mImAMsA likhe jAne para uttarakAlIna pUjyapAda AcArya ne tattvArthasUtra para vRtti likhate hue usake prArambha meM ukta maMgala zloka kI punaH vyAkhyA likhane kA upakrama nahIM kiyA / bhaTTa akalaMka deva ne AptamImAMsA para aSTazatI likhI hI hai, isalie tattvArthasUtra para apanA tattvArtha bhASya likhate samaya unhoMne bhI ukta maMgala zloka kI svatantra vyAkhyA nahIM likhii| yadyapi AcArya vidyAnanda ne ukta maMgala zloka kI
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________________ 40 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM svatantra rUpa se Apta parIkSA likhI hai / parantu usakA kAraNa anya hai| bAta yaha hai ki AptamImAMsA para bhaTTa akalaMkadeva dvArA nirmita aSTazatI ke samAna svayaM dvArA nirmita aSTasahasrI ko ati kaSTasAdhya jAnakara hI unhoMne ukta maMgala zloka kI svatantra vyAkhyA kI rUpa meM AptaparIkSA kI racanA kii| spaSTa hai ki ukta maMgala zloka ko sUtrakAra kI hI anupama kRti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA caahie| 4. sUtrakAra aura racanAkAlanirdeza AcArazAstra kA niyama hai ki arhata dharma kA anuyAyI sAdhu antaH aura bAhara parama digambara aura saba prakAra kI laukikatAoM se atIta hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai prAcIna kAla meM sabhI zAstrakAra zAstra ke prArambha meM yA anta meM apane nAma, kula, jAti aura vAstavya sthAna Adi kA ullekha nahIM karate the| ve paramArtha se svayaM ko usa zAstra kA racayitA nahIM mAnate the| unakA mukhya prayojana paramparA se prApta vItarAgatA kI pratipAdaka dvAdazAMga vANI ko saMkSipta, vistRta yA bhASAntara kara saMkalana kara denA mAtra hotA thaa| usameM bhI usa kAla meM usa viSaya kA jo adhikArI vidvAna hotA thA use hI saMgha Adi ke ora se yaha kArya soMpA jAtA thaa| anyathA prarUpaNA na ho jAya isa bAta kA pUrA dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| ve yaha acchI taraha se jAnate the ki kisI zAstra ke sAtha apanA nAma Adi dene se usakI sarva grAhyatA aura prAmANikatA nahIM bddhtii| adhikatara zAstroM meM sthala-sthala para 'jinendradeva ne aisA kahA hai'', 'yaha jina deva kA upadeza hai', 'sarvajJa deva ne jisa prakAra kahA hai usa prakAra hama kahate hai '3, ityAdi vacanoM ke ullekhoM ke sAtha hI pratipAdya viSayoM ke lipibaddha karane kI paripATI thii| prAcIna kAla meM yaha paripATI jitanI adhika vyApaka thI, zrutadhara AcAryoM kA usake prati utanA hI adhika Adara thaa| tattvArthasUtra kI racanA usI paripATI kA eka aMga hai, isalie usameM usakA saMkalayitA kauna hai isakA ullekha na honA svAbhAvika hai| ataH anya pramANoM ke prakAza meM hI hameM isa tathya kA nirNaya karanA hogA ki Agamika. dRSTi se sarvAMgasundara isa mahatvapUrNa grantha kA saMkalayitA kauna hai ? isa dRSTi se sarva prathama hamArA dhyAna AcArya vIrasena aura AcArya vidyAnanda kI ora jAtA hai| AcArya vIrasena jIvasthAna kAlAnuyoga dvArA pR. 316 meM likhate haiM-- 'taha giddhapicchAiriyappayAsidataccatthasutte vi' vartanA-pariNAmakriyAparatvAparatveca kAlasya' idi davvakAlo pruuvido'| isa ullekha meM tattvArtha sUtra ko gRddhapicchAcArya dvArA prakAzita kahA gayA hai / AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI apane tattvArtha zlokavArtika meM ina zabdoM dvArA tattvArthasUtra ko AcArya gRddhapiccha kI racanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai--'gaNAdhipa-pratyekabuddha-zrutikevalyabhinna dazapUrvadhara sUtraNa svayaMsammatena vyabhicAra iti cet ? na, tasyApyarthataH sarvajJavItarAga praNetakatvasiddherahadbhASitArthaM gaNadharadevaitithamiti vacanAt etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirastA / ' 1. samayasAra, gAthA 70 / 2. samayasAra, gAthA 150 / 3. bodhapAhuDa, gAthA 61 /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM / ye donoM samartha AcArya vikrama 9 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hue haiN| isase vidita hotA hai ki inake kAlataka AcArya kunda kunda ke paTTadhara ekamAtra AcArya gRddhapiccha hI tattvArthasUtra ke racayitA svIkAra kie jAte the / uttara kAla meM bhI isa tathya ko svIkAra karane meM hameM kahIM koI matabheda nahIM dikhalAI detA, jisakI puSTi vAdirAjasUri ke pArzvanAthacarita se bhI hotI hai| vahAM ve zAstrakAra ke rUpa meM AcArya gRddhapiccha ke prati bahumAna prakaTa karate hue likhate haiM-- 'atucchaguNasampAtaM gRddhapicchaM nato'smitam / pakSI kurvanti yaM bhavyA nirvANAyotpatiSNavaH // ' vAdirAjasUri zAstrakAroM kA nAmasmaraNa kara rahe haiN| usI prasaMga meM yaha zloka AyA hai / isase vidita hotA hai ki ve bhI tattvArthasUtra ke raciyatA ke rUpa meM AcArya gRddhapiccha ko svIkAra karate rhe| ___yadyapi zravaNabelgolA ke candragirI parvata para kucha aise zilAlekha pAye jAte haiM jinameM AcArya gRddhapiccha aura umAsvAti ko abhinna vyakti mAnakara' zilAlekha 105 meM umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA kartA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kintu inameM se zilAlekha 43 avazya hI vikrama kI 12 vI zatAbdi ke antima caraNa kA hai| zeSa saba zilAlekha 13 vIM zatAbdi aura usake bAda ke haiN| jisa zilAlekha meM umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA racayitA kahA gayA hai vaha to 15 vIM zatAbdi kA hai| kintu mAlUma paDatA hai ki 8 vI 9 vIM zatAbdi yA usake bAda zvetAmbara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke raciyatA ke rUpa meM umAsvAti kI prasiddhi hone para kAlAntara meM digambara paramparA meM ukta prakAra ke bhrama kI sRSTi huI hai| ataH ukta zilAlekhoM se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtra anya kisI kI racanA na hokara mUla meM ekamAtra gRddhapicchAcArya kI hI amara kRti hai| zilAlekha 105 meM jina umAsvAti ko tattvArthasUtra kA racayitA kahA gayA hai ve anya koI na hokara AcArya kunda kunda ke paTTadhara AcArya gRddhapiccha hI haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA ke vAcaka umAsvAti inase sarvathA bhinna vyakti haiM / AcArya gRddhapiccha aura vAcaka umAsvAti ke vAstavya kAla meM bhI bar3A antara hai| AcArya gRddhapiccha kA vAstavya kAla jaba ki pahalI zatAbdi kA uttarArdha aura dUsarI zatAbdi kA pUrvArdha nizcita huA hai| isalie zvetAmbara paramparA meM jo tattvArthAdhigama bhASyamAnya sUtrapATha pAyA jAtA hai vaha mUla sUtrapATha na hokara sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtroM ko hI mUla sUtrapATha samajhanA caahie| jo ki AcArya kunda kunda vikrama kI prathama zatAbdi ke madhya meM hue anvaya meM hue unhIMke anyatama ziSya AcArya gRddhapiccha kI anupama racanA hai| 1. zilAlekha 40,42, 43, 47 va 50 / 2. dharmaghoSa sUrIkRta duHSamakAla zramaNa saMghastava, dharmasAgara gaNikRta tapAgaccha paTTAvali aura jina vijaya sUrIkRta loka prakAza grantha / 3. isa viSaya ke vizeSa uhApoha ke lie sarvArthasiddhi kI prastAvanA para dRSTipAta kiijie|
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha 5. viSaya paricaya mUla tattvArthasUtra meM 10 adhyAya aura 357 sUtra haiM yaha pahale batalA Aye haiN| usakA prathama sUtra hai-'samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritrANi mokSamArgaH' isakA samuccaya artha hai-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa se pariNata AtmA mokSamArga hai / mokSamArga kA hI dUsarA nAma Atmadharma hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki ratnatraya pariNata AtmA hI mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai, anya nhiiN| vahAM ina tInoM meM samyagdarzana mukhya hai, isIlie bhagavAn kundakunda ne darzana prAbhRta meM ise dharma kA mUla kahA hai / ataH sarvaprathama isake svarUpa kA nirdeza karate hue vahAM batalAyA hai-'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam / ' jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattvArtha haiN| puNya aura pApa Asrava aura bandha ke vizeSa hone se yahAM unakI pRthak se parigaNanA nahIM kI gaI hai| inakA yathAvasthita svarUpa jAnakara AtmAnubhUti svarUpa Atma rucikA honA samyagdarzana hai yaha ukta sUtra kA tAtparya hai / paramAgama meM samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke jina bAhya sAdhanoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai unameM dezanAlabdhi mukhya hai / chaha dravya aura nau padArthoM ke upadeza kA nAma dezanA hai| usa dezanArUpa se pariNata AcAryAdi kA lAbha honA aura upadiSTa artha ke grahaNa, dhAraNa tathA vicAra karanerUpa zakti kA samAgama honA dezanAlabdhi hai| prathamAdi tIna narakoM meM prathamopazama samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke jina tIna bAhya kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai unameM eka dharmazravaNa bhI hai| isa para kisI ziSya kA prazna hai ki prathamAdi tIna narakoM meM RSiyoM kA gamana na hone se dharmazravaNarUpa bAhya sAdhana kaise bana sakatA hai ? isa kA samAdhAna karate hue batalAyA hai kI vahA~ pUrva bhava ke sambandhI samyagdRSTi devoM ke nimitta se dharmopadeza kA lAbha ho jAtA hai| isa ullekha meM 'samyagdRSTi' pada dhyAna dene yogya hai| isa se vidita hotA hai ki mokSamArga ke prathama sopAnasvarUpa samyagdarzana kI utpatti meM samyagjJAnI kA upadeza hI prayojanIya hotA hai / itanA avazya hai ki jinheM pUrva bhava meM yA kAlAntara meM dharmopadeza kI upalabdhi huI hai una ke jIvana meM usa kA saMskAra banA rahane se vartamAna meM sAkSAta dharmopadeza kA lAbha na milane para bhI Atma jAgRti hone se samyagdarzana ko prApti ho jAtI hai / inhIM donoM tathyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara tattvArtha sUtra meM--'tanisargAdadhigamAdvA' isa tIsare sUtra kI racanA huI hai / ve tattvArtha kauna kauna hai jinake zraddhAna se samyagdarzana kI utpatti hotI hai isa bAta kA jJAna karAne ke liye 'jIvAjIvAsrava '--ityAdi sUtra kI racanA huI hai / mokSamArga meM nirAkulatA lakSaNa sukha kI prApti jIva kA mukhya prayojana hai, isa liye sAta tattvArthoM meM prathama sthAna caitanya lakSaNa jIva kA hai| ajIva (sva se bhinna anya ) ke prati apanatva hone se jIva kI saMsAra paripATI calI A rahI hai, isaliye 1. jIvasthAna cUlikA pR. 204 / 4, jIvasthAna cUlikA, nauvIM cUlikA sUtra 7 va 8 / 2. jIvanasthAna cUlikA, pR. 422 /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM sAta tattvArthoM meM dUsarA sthAna ajIva kA hai / ye do mUlatattvArtha haiN| inake nimitta se utpanna honevAle zeSa pA~ca tattvArtha hai' / jina meM saMsAra aura unake kAraNoM tathA mokSa aura unake kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| eka-eka zabda meM aneka arthoM ko dhotita karane kI zakti hotI hai| usameM vizeSaNa kI sAmarthya se pratiniyata artha ke pratipAdana kI zakti ko nyasta karanA prayojana hai| pahale samyagdarzanAdi aura jIvAdi padArthoM kA ullekha kara Aye haiM / unameM se prakRta meM kisa pada kA kauna artha iSTa hai isa tathya kA viveka karane ke liye 'nAma-sthApanA' ityAdi pA~cave sUtra kI racanA huI hai| kintu isa nirNaya meM samyagjJAna kA sthAna sarvopari hai / isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara nikSepa yojanA ke prarUpaka sUtra ke bAda 'pramANa-nayairadhigamaH' racA gayA hai / pramANa-nayasvarUpa samyagjJAna dvArA sunirNIta nikSipta kisa padArtha kI vyAkhyA kitane adhikAroM meM karane se vaha sarvAMgapUrNa kahI jAyagI isa tathya ko spaSTa karane liye 'nirdeza-svAmitva' ityAdi aura 'satsaMkhyA' ityAdi do sUtroM kI racanA huI hai| isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM ye ATha sUtra mukhya hai| anya saba sUtroM dvArA zeSa saba kathana ina sUtroM meM pratipAdita artha kA vistAra mAtra hai| usameM prathama adhyAya meM anya jitane sUtra hai unadvArA samyagjJAna tattva kI vistAra se mImAMsA kI gaI hai| usame jo jJAna vidhi niSadha ubhayasvarUpa vastu ko yugavat viSaya karatA hai use pramANa kahate hai aura jo jJAna gauNa manuSyasvabhAva se avayava ko viSaya karatA hai use naya kahate haiN| nayajJAna meM itanI vizeSatA hai ki vaha eka aMza dvArA vastu ko viSaya karatA hai, anya kA niSedha nahIM krtaa| isIliye use samyagjJAna kI koTi meM parigRhIta kiyA gayA hai| dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe adhyAya meM pramukhatA se jIvapadArtha kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / prasaMga se ina tInoM adhyAyoM meM pAMca bhAva, jIva kA lakSaNa, mana kA viSaya, pA~ca indriyAM, unake uttarabheda aura viSaya, pA~ca zarIra, tIna veda, nauyoni, narakaloka, madhyaloka aura urdhvaloka, cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI Ayu Adi kA vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhyAya ke antameM eka sUtra hai jisameM jina jIvo kI anapavartya Ayu hotI hai unakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / viSabhakSaNa, zastraprahAra, zvAsocchvAsa, nirodha Adi bAhya nimittoM ke sannidhAna meM bhujyamAna Ayu meM hAsa hone ko apavarta kahate haiN| kintu isa prakAra jinakI Ayu kA hAsa nahIM hotA unheM anapavartya AyuvAlA kahA gayA hai| pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke kAla meM aise dasa upasarga kevalI aura dasa antaHkRta kevalI hote haiM jinheM bAhya meM bhayaMkara upasargAdi ke saMyoga banate hai, parantu unake Ayu kA hAsa nahIM hotaa| isase yaha siddhAnta nizcita hotA hai ki antaraMga jisa Ayu meM apane kAla meM hAsa hone kI pAtratA hotI hai, bAhya meM usa kAla meM kAla pratyAsattivaza vyavahAra se -hAsa ke anukUla anya viSabhakSaNa Adi bAhya sAmagrI kA sannidhAna hone para usa Ayu kA vhAsa hotA hai| antaraMga me Ayu meM vhAsa hone kI pAtratA na ho aura usake hAsa ke anukUla bAhya sAmagrI milane para usakA hAsa ho jAya aisA nahIM hai| 1. paMcAstikAya, gAthA 108, samaya vyAkhyA TIkA /
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha cauthe adhyAya meM devoM ke avAntara bhedoM ke nirUpa ke sAtha unake nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / usase yaha siddhAnta phalita hotA hai ki bhogopabhogakI bahutatA aura parigrahakI bahutatA, sAtA Adi puNyAtizaya kA phala na hokara sAta pariNAma kI bahutatA usakA phala hai, isaliye karmazAstra meM bAhya sAmagrI ko sukha-duHkha Adi pariNAmoM ke nimittarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| devoM kI lezyA aura Ayu Adi kA vivecana bhI isI adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai| pAMcave adhyAya meM chaha dravyoM aura unake guNa-paryAyoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana karate hue unaka paraspara upakAra kA aura guNaparyAya ke sAtha dravya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ upakAra zabda kA artha bAhya sAdhana se hai| pratyeka dravya jaba apane pariNAma svabhAva ke kAraNa vivakSita eka paryAya se apane tatkAlIna upAdAna ke anusAra anya paryAya rUpa se pariNamatA hai taba usa meM anya dravya kI nimittatA kahA~ kisa rUpa meM svIkAra kI gaI hai yaha isa adhyAya ke upakAra prakaraNa dvArA sUcita kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ dravyake sAmAnya lakSaNa meM utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tInoMko dravya ke aMzarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha ki jaise dhrauvyAMza anvayarUpa se svayaM sat hai usI prakAra apane-apane kAla meM pratyeka utpAda aura vyaya ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA caahie| ina tInoM meM lakSaNa bheda hone para bhI vastupane se bheda nahIM hai / isaliye anya ke kArya kI para meM vyavahAra se nimittatA svIkAra karake bhI usameM anya ke kArya kI yathArtha kartRtA Adi nahIM svIkAra kI gaI hai aura na kI jA sakatI hai| chaThe aura sAtaveM adhyAya meM Asrava tattva ke vivecana ke prasaMga se puNya aura pApa tattva kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMsArI jIvoM ke parAzrita bhAva do prakAra ke haiM zubha aura azubha / deva-guruzAstra kI bhakti tathA vratoM kA pAlana karanA Adi zubha bhAva haiM aura paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM meM pravRtti tathA hiMsAdi rUpa kArya azubha bhAva haiM / ina pariNAmoM ke nimitta se yoga pravRtti bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtI hai, zubha yoga aura azubha yoga / yoga ko svayaM Asrava kahane kA yahI kAraNa hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki jisa samaya jIva ke zubha yA azubha jaise bhAva hote haiM, yoga dvArA tadanurUpa karmoM kA hI Asrava hotA hai| chaThe adhyAya meM Asrava ke bheda-prabhedoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda jIva ke kina bhAvoM se mukhya rUpa se kisa karma kA Asrava hotA hai isa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / Ayukarma ke Asrava ke hetu ke nirdeza ke prasaMga se samyaktvane saMyamAsaMyama aura sarAga saMyama ko Asrava kA hetu batalAyA gayA hai| so isa para se yaha artha phalita nahIM karanA cAhie ki isase devAyu kA Asrava hotA hai / kintu isa kathana kA itanA hI prayojana samajhanA cAhie ki yadi ukta vizeSatAoM se yukta yathA sambhava manuSya aura tiryaJca Ayubandha karate haiM to saudharmAdi sambandhI Ayu kA hI bandha karate haiN| samyagdarzana Adi kucha Ayubandha ke hetu nahIM haiN| unake sAtha jo prazasta rAga hai vahI bandha kA hetu hai| sAtaveM adhyAya meM zubha bhAvoM kA vizeSa rUpa se spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai unameM vratoM kI parigaNanA karate hue hiMsAdi pAMca pApa bhAvoM kI AdhyAtmika vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pramAda bahuta yA icchApUrvaka asadvicAra se jo bhI kriyA kI jAtI hai usakA to yathA yogya hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM meM
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM antarbhAva hotA hI hai / sAtha hI bAhya kriyA ke na karane para bhI jo antaraMga meM malina pariNAma hotA hai| use bhI apane-apane prayojana ke anusAra hiMsAdi pA~ca pApa rUpa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / isa kathana se aisA Azaya bhI phalita hotA hai ki antaraMga meM malina pariNAma na ho, kintu bAhya meM kadAcit viparIta kriyA ho jAya to mAtra vaha kriyA hiMsAdi rUpa se parigaNita nahIM kI jAtI / AThaveM adhyAya meM prakRti bandha Adi cAroM prakAra ke karmabandha aura unake hetuoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / bandha ke hetu pA~ca haiM, mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / inameM kaSAya aura yoga ye do mukhya haiM, kyoM ki yoga ko nimitta kara prakRtibandha aura pradeza bandha hotA hai tathA kaSAya ko nimittakara sthitibandha aura anubhAga bandha hotA hai / phira bhI yahA~ para mithyAdarzana, avirati aura pramAda ko jo bandha kA hetu kahA hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki mithyAdarzana ke sadbhAva meM jo bandha hotA hai vaha sarvAdhika sthiti ko liye hue hotA hai / avirati ke sadbhAva meM jo bandha hotA hai vaha mithyAdarzana ke kAla meM hone vAle bandha se yadyapi alpa sthitivAlA hotA hai, para vaha vratI jIva ke pramAda ke sadbhAva meM hone vAle bandha se adhika sthiti ko liye hue hotA hai / kAraNa yaha hai pUrva-pUrva ke guNasthAnoM se Age-Age ke guNasthAnoM meM saMkleza pariNAmoM kI hAni hotI jAtI hai aura vizuddhi bar3hatI jAtI hai / azubha prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga bandha kI sthiti isa se bhinna prakAra kI hai, kyoM ki uttarottara azubha bhAvoM meM hAni hone ke sAtha jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM vizuddhi baDhatI jAtI hai, tadanusAra zubha prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga meM vRddhi hotI jAtI hai prayojana kI bAta itanI hai ki yahA~ sarvatra sthitibandha aura anubhAga bandha kA mukhya kAraNa kaSAya hai / 1 / jIva rUpa-rasa- gandha aura sparza se rahita hai, kintu pudgala rUpa-rasa- gandha aura sparzavAlA hai / isa lie pudgala pudgala meM jo sparza nimittaka saMkleSa bandha hotA hai vaha jIva aura pudgala meM nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki jIva meM sparza guNa kA sarvathA abhAva hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jIva aura dravya karma kA anyAnya pradezAnupradezarUpa bandha batalAyA gayA hai / jIva kA karmoM ke sAtha saMkleSa bandha nahIM hotA kyoMki saMkleSa bandha pudgaloM pudgaloM meM hotA hai ityAdi aneka vizeSatAoM kI isa adhikAra dvArA sUcanA milatI hai / 45 nauveM adhyAya meM saMvara aura nirjarA tattva kA tathA unake kAraNoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zubhAzubha bhAva kA nAma Astrava hai, ataH una bhAvoM kA nirodha honA saMvara hai / yoM to guNasthAna paripATI ke anusAra vicAra karane para vidita hotA hai ki mithyAtva ke nimitta se bandha ko prApta honevAle karmoM kA sAsAdana guNasthAna meM dravya saMvara hai, kintu saMvara meM bhAva saMvara kI mukhyatA hone se usakA prArambha caturtha guNasthAna se ho samajhanA cAhie, kyoMki eka to samyagdRSTi ke anubhUti ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM kA vedana na hokara ratnatraya pariNata sAyaka svabhAva AtmA kA anubhava hotA hai, dUsare zubhAzubha bhAvoM meM heya buddhi ho jAtI hai, aura tIsare usake darzana mohanIya tathA anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobharUpa kaSAya pariNAma kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAtA hai / yadyapi isake vedakasamyaktva ke kAla meM samyaktva prakRti kA udaya banA rahatA hai, para usa avasthA meM bhI samyagdarzanasvarUpa svabhAva paryAya kA abhAva nahIM hotA / phira kAla meM
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________________ 46 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha bhI yahA~ para nauveM adhyAya meM saMvara ko jo gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya aura cAritra svarUpa kahA hai so vaha saMvara vizeSa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kahA hai / yahA~ saMvara ke prakAroM meM gupti mukhya hai| isase yaha tathya sutarAM phalita ho jAtA hai ki samiti Adi meM jitanA nivRtyaMza hai va saMvara svarUpa hai, AtmAtirikta anya ke vyApArasvarUpa pravRtyaMza nahIM / yadyapi tapa kA dharma meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai, parantu vaha jaise saMvara kA hetu hai vaise hI nirjarA kA bhI hetu hai yaha dikhalAne ke liye usakA pRthaka se nirdeza kiyA hai| AcArya gaddhapicchane kahA~ kitane parISaha hote hai isa viSaya kA nirdeza karate hue unakA kAraNa parISaha aura kArya parISaha ye do vibhAga svIkAra kara vicAra kiyA hai| isa adhyAya meM parISaha sambaMdhI prarUpaNA 8 ve sUtra se prArambha hokara vaha 17 ve sUtra para samApta hotI hai| 8 sUtra meM parISaha kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| 93 sUtra meM parISahoM kA nAma nirdeza karate hue 6 vI parISaha ke liye spaSTataH nAgnya zabdakA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase sUtrakAra eka mAtra digambara sampradAya ke paTTadhara AcArya the isakA spaSTa bodha ho jAtA hai| isake bAda 10, 11 aura 12, saMkhyAka sUtroM meM kAraNoM kI apekSA kisake kisane parISaha sambhava haiM isa bAtakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| 13, 14, 15 aura 16 saMkhyAka sUtroM meM unake kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra 10, 11 aura 12 saMkhyAka sUtroM meM kAraNa kI apekSA kAraNa parISaha hokara tathA 13, 14, 15 aura 16 saMkhyAka sUtroM meM unake kAraNoM kA nirdeza kara Age mAtra 17 veM sUtra meM kArya parISahoM kA ullekha karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki ekajIva ke kamase kama eka aura adhika se adhika 19 parISaha hote haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa hama bAdarasAmparAya jIva ko lete haiN| eka kAla meM kAraNoM kI apekSA isake saba parISaha batalA kara bhI kArya kI apekSA kama se kama eka aura adhika se adhika 19 parISaha batalAye haiM / spaSTa hai ki 'ekAdaza jine' isa sUtra meM jina ke jo gyAraha parISaha batalAye haiM ve terahaveM caudahaveM guNasthAna meM asAtA vedanIyake pAye jAnevAle udaya ko dekha kara hI batalAyA gayA hai / vahA~ kSudhAdi 11 parISaha hote hai yaha ukta kathana kA tAtparya nahIM hai / 'ekAdaza jine' yaha kAraNa kI apekSA parISahoM kA nirdeza karanevAlA sUtra hai, kArya kI apekSA parISahoM kA nirdeza karanevAlA sUtra nhiiN| isa adhyAya meM prasaMga se saMyatoM ke bhedoMkA nirdeza karate hue batalAyA hai ki ye pulAkAdi naigamAdi nayoM kI apekSA saMyata kahe gaye haiN| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki pulAka, bakuza, kuzIla, nirgrantha aura snAtaka ina pA~ca bhedoMmeM se nirgrantha aura snAtaka ye donoM bhAva nirghanya hone se ekamAtra evaM bhUtanaya kI apekSA se hI nirgrantha haiM / zeSa tIna nirgrantha kAla bhedase naigamAdi aneka nayasAdhya haiN| nairgranya sAmAnya kI apekSA vivakSA bhedase pA~coM hI nirgrantha haiM yaha isa kathana kA abhiprAya hai| eka bAta yahA~ nirjarA ke viSaya meM bhI spaSTa karanI hai| uttarottara asaMkhyAta guNI nirjarA ke ina dasa sthAnoM meM se zrAvaka aura virata ke prakRta meM pUrva kI apekSA jisa asaMkhyAta guNI dravya karma nirjarA kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai vaha ina donoM ke vizuddhi kI apekSA ekAntAnuvRddhi ke kAla kI jAnanI
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________________ tatvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM. cAhie kyoMki isake sivAya anya kAla meM saMkleza aura vizuddhi ke anusAra ukta nirjarA meM tAratamya dekhA jAtA hai / vizuddhi ke kAla meM vizuddhi ke tAratamya ke anusAra kabhI asaMkhyAta guNI, kabhI saMkhyAta guNI, kabhI asaMkhyAtavA bhAga adhika aura kabhI saMkhyAtavA bhAga adhika nirjarA hotI hai yahA~ pUrva samaya kI apekSA agale samaya meM kitanI nirjarA hotI hai isa dRSTi se nirjarA kA yatkrama batalAyA gayA hai / isa adhyAya meM dhyAna kA vistAra se vicAra karate hue dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyeya, dhyAna kA phala aura dhyAna kAla ina pA~coM viSayoM para samyak prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dhyAna ke do bheda haiM-prazasta aura aprazasta / yahA aprazasta dhyAna kA vicAra na kara prazasta dhyAna kA vicAra karanA hai / prazasta dhyAna ke bhI do bheda haiM- dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna / zreNi ArohaNa ke pUrva jo dhyAna hotA hai use dharmadhyAna kahate haiM zreNi aura ArohaNa ke bAda jo dhyAna hotA hai usako zukladhyAna saMjJA hai| isakA yaha tAtparya hai ki dharmadhyAna cauthe guNasthAna se prArambha hokara sAtave guNasthAna taka hotA hai / sAdhAraNataH tattvArthasUtra meM dharmadhyAna ke Alambana ke prakAra cAra batalAye haiM- AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna / ina sabhI para dRSTipAta kara sAmAnya rUpa se yadi Alambana ko vibhakta kiyA jAya to vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai -- eka svAtmA aura dUsare svAtmA se bhinna anya padArtha / dhyAna kA lakSaNa karate hue yaha to batalAyA hI gayA hai ki anya dhyAna meM azeSa viSayoM se cittako parAvRtta kara kisI eka 'viSaya para citta arthAt upayoga ko sthira kiyA jAtA hai / ata: Atma jJAnasvarUpa hai, isaliye yadi upayoga ko AtmasvarUpa yukta kiyA jAtA hai to upayoga svarUpa kA vedana karanevAlA hone se nizcaya dhyAna kahalAtA hai aura yadi upayoga ko vikalpadazA para padArtha meM yukta kiyA jAtA hai to vaha svarUpa se bhinna anya padArtharUpa vizeSaNasahita hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra dhyAna kahalatA hai / isameM se nizcaya dhyAna karma nirjarA svarUpa hai, ataH karma nirjarA kA hetu bhI hai aura vyavahAra dhyAna isase viparIta svabhAvavAlA ha hone se na to svayaM nirjarA svarUpa hai aura na sAkSAt karma nirjarA kA hetu hI hai / anyatra dharma dhyAna ke jo satrikalpa aura nirvikalpa ye do bheda dRSTigocara hote haiM ve isI abhiprAya se kiye gaye jAnane cAhiye / 47 sAmAnya niyama yaha hai ki jaba AtmA mokSamArga ke sanmukha hotA hai taba usake apane upayoga meM mukhya rUpa se ekamAtra AtmA kA hI avalambana rahatA hai, anya azeSa avalambana gauNa hote jAte haiM, kyoMki mokSa kA artha hI AtmA kA akelA hotA hai, ataH mokSamArga vaha kahalAyA jisa mArga se AtmA akelA banatA hai / deva-zAstra-guru kI bhakti yA vratAdirUpa pariNAma ko Agama meM vyavahAra dharmarUpa se isIlie svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki vaha jIva kA paralakSI saMyogI pariNAma hai, svarUpAnubhUtirUpa AtmAzrayI akelA pariNAma nahIM / zaMkA- sva-para kA prakAzana karanA yaha jJAna kA svarUpa hai / aisI avasthA meM pratyeka upayoga pariNAma meM paralakSIpanA banA rahegA, usakA vAraNa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? samAdhAna -- jJAna ke sva para prakAzaka hone se pratyeka upayoga paralakSI yA parAzrita hI hotA hai aisI bAta nahIM hai ?
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha kapana se yA iSTAniSTapana se buddhipUrvaka paralakSI yA parAzrita jJAna pariNAma hai aura svarUpa ka. vedana kAla meM apane upayoga pariNAmarUpa se para bhI jAnane meM AnA jJAna kA sva-para prakAzakapanA hai / zaMkA: - jJAna ke upayoga pariNAma kI aisI sthiti kahA~ banatI hai ? samAdhAna: - kevala jJAna meM 1 48 zaMkA:: -- chadmastha ke svarUpa kA vedana karate samaya jo upayoga pariNAma hotA hai usameM aisI sthii banatI hai ki nahIM ? samAdhAnaH--chadmastha ke svasanmukha hokara svarUpa kA vedana karate samaya pramANa jJAna kI pravRtti hokara nayajJAna kI pravRtti hotI hai, isaliye usa kAla meM upayoga meM para gauNa hone se lakSita nahIM hotA / paNDitapravara AzAdharajI (anagAradharmAmRta, adhyAya, zloka 108 - 109 stropasa TIkA meM) likhate haiMtadanantaramapramattAdikSINakaSAyaparyantaM jaghanya - madhyamotkRSTabhedena vivakSitaikadezena zuddhanayarUpaH zuddhopayoga vartate / artha -- tadanantara apramatta guNasthAna se lekara kSINa kaSAya guNasthAna paryanta jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa bhedarUpa vivakSita eka dezarUpa se zuddhanayarUpa zuddhopayoga pravartatA hai / isI tathya ko suspaSTa karate hue ve isI sthala para Age likhate haiM atra ca zuddhaye zuddhabudvaikasvabhAvo nijAtmA dhyeyattiSThatIti / zuddhadhyeyatvAcchadbhAvalambanatvAcchuddhAtmasvarUpasAdhakatvAcca zuddhopayogo ghaTate / sa ca bhAva saMvara ityucyate / eSa ca saMsArakAraNa- bhUtamithyAtvarAgAdyazuddhaparyAvadazuddho na syAt nApi phalabhUtakevalajJAnalakSaNazuddhaparyAyavacchruddhaH syAt / kintu tAbhyAmazuddha-zuddhaparyAyAbhyAM vilakSaNaM zuddhAtmAnubhUtirUpanizcayaratnannayAtmakaM mokSakAraNamekadezavyaktirUpamekadeza nivAraNaM ca tRtIyamavasthAntaraM bhaNyate / aura yahA~ para zuddhaya meM zuddha, buddha, ekasvabhAva nija AtmA dhyeya hai isalie zuddha dhyeya hone se, zuddha kA avalambana hone se tathA zuddha AtmasvarUpa kA sAdhaka hone se zuddhopayoga bana jAtA hai / isI kA nAma bhAva-saMvara hai / yaha saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta mithyAtva aura rAgAdi azuddha paryAyoM ke samAna azuddha nahIM hai aura phalabhUta kevalajJAna lakSaNa zuddha paryAya ke samAna zuddha bhI nahIM hai / kintu una donoM azuddha aura zuddha paryAyoM se vilakSaNa zuddha AtmAnubhUtirUpa nizcaya ratnatrayAtmaka mokSakAraNa eka deza vyaktirUpa aura ekadeza nivAraNa tIsarI avasthArUpa kahA~ jAtA hai / yahA~ apramatta saMyama nAmaka sAtaveM guNasthAna se zuddhopayoga kI pravRtti kA jJApana kiyA gayA hai aura sAtaveM guNasthAna meM dharma dhyAna hotA hai, kyoMki ArohaNa ke pUrva dharmadhyAna hotA hai aura donoM zreNiyoM zukladhyAna hotA hai aisA Agamavacana hai ? ataH isa kathana se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki dharmadhyAna savikalpa aura nirvikalpa ke bhedoM se do prakAra kA hotA hai / jahA~ zuddhAtmA dhyeya, zuddhAtmA Alambana aura tatsvarUpa
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM upayoga ekarasa hokara pravRtta hote haiM use nirvikalpa dhyAna kahate haiM aura jahA~ dhyeya aura Alambana ke Azraya se vicArarUpa upayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai use savikalpa dhyAna kahate haiN| svAnubhUti aura nirvikalpa dharmadhyAna inameM zabdabheda hai, arthabheda nhiiN| itanA avazya hai ki jo mithyAdRSTi jIva svabhAva sanmukha hokara samyagdarzana ko utpanna karatA hai usake samyagdarzana kI prApti ke samaya honevAle nirvikalpa dhyAna ko svAnubhUti kahate hai / Age sAtaveM Adi guNasthAnoM se usI kA nAma zuddhopayoga hai| yadyapi pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke kaSAya kA sadbhAva dasaveM guNasthAna taka pAyA jAtA hai, parantu nirvikalpa dharmadhyAna aura pRthaktva vitarka vIcAra zukla dhyAna meM use abuddhipUrvaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / zaMkA-zukla dhyAna kA prathama bheda savIcAra hai| usa meM artha, vyaJjana aura yoga kI saMkrAnti niyama se hotI hai| esI avasthA meM ukta zukladhyAna meM tathA usase pUrvavartI nirvikalpa dharma dhyAna meM zuddhAtmA dhyeya aura zuddhAtmA Alambana kaise bana sakatA hai aura vaha na banane se nirantara zuddhanaya kI pravRtti kaise bana sakatI hai? samAdhAna-yadyapi zukla dhyAna ke prathama bheda meM artha, vyaJjana aura yoga kI saMkrAnti hotI hai, parantu nirantara svabhAva sanmukha rahane ke kAraNa anya jJeya padArtha se iSTAniSTa buddhi nahIM hotI, isaliye usake isa apekSA se zukla dhyAna ke prathama bheda meM bhI zuddhAtmA dhyeya aura zuddhAtmA Alambana banakara zuddhAtmA ke sAdhaka zuddhAtmAnubhava svarUpa zuddhanaya kI pravRtti bana jAtI hai| zrI samayasAra Asrava adhikAra meM chamastha jJAnIke jaghanya jJAna hone se usakA punaH punaH pariNAma hotA hai aura isaliye use jahA~ jJAnAvaraNAdi rUpa karmabandha kA bhI hetu kahA gayA hai, vahA~ isa ke mukhya kAraNa kA nirdeza karate hue AcArya amRtacandra devane batalAyA hai ki jo jJAnI hai vaha buddhipUrvaka rAga, dveSa moharUpa Asrava bhAva kA abhAva hone se nirAsrava hI hai| kintu vaha bhI jabataka jJAna ko sarvotkRSTa rUpa se dekhane jAnane aura AcaraNa karane meM azakta vartatA huA jaghanyarUpa se hI jJAnako dekhatA jAnatA aura AcaraNa karatA hai taba taka usake bhI, jaghanya bhAva kI anyathA utpatti nahIM ho sktii| isa anyabhAvotpatti ke dvArA anumIyamAna, abuddhi pUrvaka kalaGkavipAkakA sadbhAva hone se pudgala karmabandha hotA hai| (samayasAra gAthA 172 AtmakhyAti TIkA) yaha to spaSTa hai ki jJAnI sadAkAla Asrava bhAva kI bhAvanA ke abhiprAya se rahita hotA hai, isa liye usake savikalpa avasthA meM bhI rAga-dveSarUpa pravRtti abuddhipUrvaka hI svIkAra kI gaI hai, nirvikalpa avasthA meM to vaha abuddhipUrvaka hotI hI hai| phira bhI rAgabhAva cAhe buddhipUrvaka ho aura cAhe abuddhipUrvaka, usake sadbhAva meM bandha hotA hI hai| isakA yahA~ vizeSa vicAra nahIM karanA hai| yahA~ to kevala itanA hI nirdeza karanA hai ki jJAnI ke jJeya meM abhiprAyapUrvaka kabhI bhI iSTAniSTabuddhi na hone se vaha dhyAna kAla meM nirvikalpa svAnubhati se cyuta nahIM hotaa| isalie usa ke zuddhanayasvarUpa zuddhopayoga kI pravRtti banI rahatI hai|
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________________ A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha dasaveM adhyAya meM mokSatattva ke nirUpaNa ke prasaMga se prathama sUtra meM kevala jJAna kI utpati kA nirUpaNa kara dUsare sUtra dvArA sakAraNa mokSa tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yahAM prathama sUtra meM ghAtikarmoM ke nAzake krama ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA gayA hai aura dUsare sUtra meM saMvara aura nirjarA - dvArA samasta karmokA viyukta honA mokSa hai aisA na kahakara saMvara ke sthAna meM jo 'bandhahetvabhAva' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai so usa dvArA AcArya gRddhapiccha ne yaha tathya udghATita kiyA hai ki ' saMvara' ko hI yahA~ para vyatireka mukha se ' bandhahetvabhAva' kahA gayA hai, kyoMki jitane aMza meM bandha ke hetuoMkA abhAva hotA hai utane hI aMza meM saMvara kI prApti hotI hai / use hI dUsare zabdoM meM hama yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki jitane aMza meM saMvara arthAt svarUpasthiti hotI hai utane hI aMza meM bandha ke hetuoM kA abhAva hotA hai / 50 pahale dUsare adhyAya meM jIva ke pA~ca bhAvoMkA nirdeza kara Aye haiN| kyA ve pA~coM prakAra ke bhAva mukta jIvoM ke bhI pAye jAte haiM yA unameM kucha vizeSatA hai aisI AzaMkA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUtrakAra ne usakA nirasana karane ke abhiprAya se 3 re aura 4 the sUtroM kI racanA kI hai| tIsare sUtra meM to yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki mukta jIvoM ke karmoM ke upazama, kSayopazama aura udaya ke nimitta se jitane bhAva hote haiM unakA abhAva to hohI jAtA hai ! sAtha hI bhavyatva bhAvakA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai / jaise kisI uDada meM kAraNarUpase pAkazakti hotI hai aura kisI vizeSa uDada meM aisI pAka zakti nahIM hotI usI prakAra adhikatara jIvoM meM ratnatraya ko prakaTa karane kI sahaja yogyatA hotI hai aura kucha jIvoM meM aisI yogyatA nahIM hotI / jina meM ratnatraya ko prakaTa karane kI sahaja kAraNa yogyatA hotI hai unheM bhavya kahate haiM aura jina meM aisI kAraNa yogyatA nahIM hotI unheM abhavya kahate haiM / spaSTa hai ki jina jIvoM ne mukti lAbha kara liyA hai unake ratnatrayarUpa kArya pariNAma ke prakaTa ho jAne se bhavyatva bhAvarUpa sahaja kAraNa yogyatA ke kAryarUpa pariNAma jAnese vahA~ isakA abhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / udAharaNArtha jo miTTI ghaTa pariNAmakA kAraNa hai usakA ghaTa pariNAmarUpa kArya ho jAne para usameM jaise vartamAna meM vaha kAraNatA nahIM rahatI usI prakAra prakRta meM samajhanA cAhiye | cauthe sUtra meM mukta jIva ke jo bhAva zeSa rahate haiM unheM svIkAra kiyA hai yadyapi ukta sUtra meM aise kucha hI bhAvoM kA nAmanirdeza kiyA gayA hai jo mukta jIvoM meM pAye jAte haiM / para vahA~ unakA upalakSaNa rUpase hI nAmanirdeza kiyA gayA jAnanA cAhie / ataH isase una bhAvoM kA bhI grahaNa ho jAtA hai| jinakA ullekha ukta sUtra meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, para mukta jIvoM meM pAye avazya jAte haiM / yahA~ yaha bAta vizeSarUpa se dhyAna dene yogya hai ki yadyapi ye bhAva karmakSaya ko nimittakara hote haiM, isalie inheM kSAyika bhAva bhI kahate haiM / parantu sUtra meM inakA kSAyika bhAvarUpa se ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye saba bhAvasvabhAva ke Azraya se utpanna hote haiM, isalie isa apekSA se ye vAstava meM svabhAva bhAva hI haiM / unheM kSAyika bhAva kahanA yaha upacAra hai / sUtrakArane apane isa nirdeza dvArA yaha spaSTa kara diyA hai ki mumukSu jIva ko mokSa prApti ke liye bAhya sAmagrI kA vikalpa choDakara apane upayogadvArA svabhAvasanmukha honA hI kAryakArI hai /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM muktilAbha honepara yaha jIva kSetra meM muktilAbha karatA hai vahIM avasthita rahatA hai yA kSetrAntara meM gamana kara jAtA hai ? yadi kSetrAntara meM gamana karake jAtA hai to vaha kSetra kaunasA hai jahA~ jAkara yaha avasthita rahatA hai ? sAtha hI vahIM isakA gamana kyoM hotA hai ? mukta hone ke bAda bhI yadi gamana hotA hai to niyata kSetra taka hI gamana hone kA kAraNa kyA hai ? ityAdi aneka prazna haiM jinakA samAdhAna 5 se lekara 8 3 taka ke sUtroM meM kiyA gayA hai| prayojanIya bAta yahA~ yaha kahanI hai ki sAtaveM sUtra meM 'tathAgatipariNAmAt ' pada dvArA to mukta jIva kI svabhAva Urdhva gati kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai aura 8 veM sUtra dvArA usake bAhya sAdhana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ___ yahA~ para kucha vidvAn yaha zaMkA kiyA karate haiM ki mukta jIva kA upAdAna to lokAntara ke Upara jAne kA bhI hai, para Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone se lokAnta se upara usakA gamana nahIM hotA / kintu unakA isa viSaya meM yaha vaktavya tathya kI anabhijJatA ko hI sUcita karatA hai / ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna yaha hai (1) bAhya aura Abhyantara upAdhi kI samagratA meM kArya hotA hai yaha niyama hai| isake anusAra jisa samaya jo kArya hotA hai usake anurUpa hI paryAya yogyatA-upAdana kAraNatA hotI hai / na nyUna aura na adhika / tathA bAhya nimitta bhI usake anukUla hI hote haiN| unakA usa samaya honA avazyaMbhAvI hai| vaha na ho to upAdAna ke rahate hue bhI kArya nahIM hotA aisA nahIM hai, kyoM ki jisa prakAra vivakSita kArya kI apane upAdAna ke sAtha usa samaya Abhyantara vyApti niyama se hotI hai usI prakAra usa samaya usakI bAhya sAdhanoM ke sAtha bAhya vyApti kA honA bhI avazyaMbhAvI hai / tabhI inakI vivakSita kArya ke sAtha kAla pratyAsatti bana sakatI hai| isase siddha hai ki mukta jIva kA lokAnta ke Upara gamanAbhAva vAstava meM to vaisA upAdAna na hone se nahIM hotaa| dharmAstikAya kA abhAva hone se nahIM hotA yaha mAtra vyavahAra vacana hai jo mukta jIva apane upAdAna ke anusAra kahA~ taka jAtA hai isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai| sarvatra vyavahAra aura nizcaya kA aisA hI yoga hotA hai / (2) mukta jIva urdhvagati svabhAva hai isa kathana kA yaha Azaya nahIM ki vaha nirantara Upara hI Upara gamana karatA rahe / kintu isa kathana kA yaha Azaya hai ki vaha tiryak rUpa se anya dizAoM kI ora gamana na kara lokAnta taka Urdhva hI gamana karatA hai / tattvArthavArtika meM 'dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt ' isa sUtra kI utthAnikA meM batalAyA hai ki-'muktasyordhvameva gamanaM na digantaragamanamityayaM svabhAvaH nordhvgmnmeveti'| 'mukta jIva kA Upara kI ora hI gamana hotA hai, anya dizAoM ko lakSya kara gamana nahIM hotA yaha svabhAva hai, uttarottara Upara-Upara gamana hotA rahe yaha svabhAva nahIM hai' / so isa vacana se bhI ukta tathya kI hI puSTi hotI hai / (3) mukta jIva kI eka Urdhvagati hotI hai jo svAbhAvikI hone se svapratyaya hotI hai| sAtha hI lokAnta meM usakI avasthiti bhI svAbhAvikI hone se svapratyaya hotI hai isalie usapara yaha vyavahAra kathamapi
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________________ 52 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha lAgU nahIM par3atA ki lokAnta se aura Age dharmAstikAya kA abhAva honese use vahAM balAt rukanA paDatA hai| kintu apane upAdAna ke anusAra muktajIva lokAnta taka Upara kI ora Rjugati se svayaM gamana karatA hai aura lokAnta meM svayaM avasthita ho jAtA hai / vyavahAranaya se lokAloka ke vibhAga kA kAraNa dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko batalAyA gayA hai usIko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUtrakAra ne yaha vacana kahA hai ki Age dharmAstikAya na hone se muktajIva lokAnta se aura upara nahIM jaataa| paramArtha se dekhA jAya to SaT dravyamayI yaha loka svabhAva se racita hai, ataeva anAdi-nidhana hai, isalie jisa prakAra mAnuSottara parvata ke parabhAga meM manuSya kA svabhAva se gamana nahIM hotA usI prakAra eka mukta jIva hI kyA kisI bhI dravya kA loka kI maryAdA ke bAhara svabhAva se gamana nahIM hotA / (4) jaise koI paramANu eka pradezataka gamana kara svayaM ruka jAtA hai / koI paramANu do yA do se adhika pradezoM taka gamana kara svayaM ruka jAtA hai| Age dharmAstikAya hone para bhI eka yA eka se adhika pradezoMtaka gamana karanevAle paramANu ko vaha balAt gamana nahIM kraataa| vaise hI mukta jIva apane Urdhvagati svabhAva kA utkRSTa vipAka lokAnta taka jAne kA hone ke kAraNa vahA~ taka jAkara vaha svayaM ruka jAtA hai aisA yahA~ paramArtha se samajhanA cAhie / 'dharmAstikAyAbhAvAt ' yaha vyavahAra vacana hai jo isa tathya ko sUcita karatA hai ki isase aura Upara gamana karane kI jIva meM upAdAna zakti hI nahIM hai| yahAM sUtrakAra ne 7 veM aura 8 veM sUtra meM jitane hetu aura udAharaNa die haiM una dvArA mukta jIva kA ekamAtra Urdhvagati svabhAva hI siddha kiyA gayA hai aisA yahA~ samajhanA cAhie / 9 veM sUtra meM aise 12 anuyogoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai jinake mAdhyama se mukta honevAle jIvoM ke viSaya meM aneka upayogI sUcanAoM kA parijJAna ho jAtA hai| unameM eka cAritra viSayaka anuyoga hai / prazna hai ki kisa cAritra se siddhi hotI hai ? usakA samAdhAna karate hue eka uttara yaha diyA gayA hai ki nAma rahita cAritra se siddhi hotI hai / isa para kitane hI manISI aisA vicAra rakhate haiM ki siddhoM meM koI cAritra nahIM hotA / kintu isI tattvArthasatra meM jIva ke jo nau kSAyika bhAva parigaNita kie gaye haiM unameM eka kSAyika cAritra bhI hai| aura aisA niyama hai ki jitane bhI kSAyika bhAva utpanna hote haiM ve saba paranirapekSa bhAva hone se pratipakSI dravyabhAva karmoM kA kSaya hone para ekamAtra svabhAva ke Alambana se hI utpanna hote haiM, ataH ve siddha paryAya ke samAna avinAzI hote haiM / ataH siddhoM meM kevala jJAna Adi ke samAna svarUpa sthiti arthAt svasamaya pravRttirUpa anidhana sahaja cAritra jAnanA cAhie / usakI koI saMjJA nahIM hai, isalie unameM usakA abhAva sthApita karanA ucita nahIM hai| loka meM eka yaha bAta bhI pracArita kI jAtI hai ki isa kAla meM isa kSetra se koI mukta nahIM hotA so yaha bAta bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki mukti prApti ke lie na to koI kAla hI bAdhaka hai aura na manuSya loka sambandhI koI kSetra hI bAdhaka hai| itanA avazya hai ki cauthe kAla aura utsarpiNI ke tIsare kAla sambandhI isa bharata kSetra meM aise manuSya bhI janma lete haiM jo carama zarIrI hote haiM yaha sahaja niyama hai / isa kSetra sambandhI prAyaH apasarpiNI ke cauthe kAla meM aura utsApiNI ke tIsare kAla meM hI aise manuSya janma lete haiM jo carama zarIrI hote haiM yaha prAkRtika niyama hai| ataH isa kSetra aura isa kAla ko doSI batalAkara mokSamArga ke anurUpa udyama na karanA yogya nahIM hai aisA yahA~ samajhanA caahie|
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TokAeM isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM kina viSayoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai isakA saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyaa| vRtti, bhASya aura TIkA grantha 1. sarvArthasiddhi digambara paramparA meM sUtra zailI meM lipibaddha huI tattvArthasUtra aura parIkSAmukha ye do aisI maulika racanAeM haiM jinapara aneka vRtti, bhASya aura TIkA grantha likhe gaye haiN| vartamAna kAla meM upalabdha 'sarvArthasiddhi ' yaha tattvArthasUtra para likhA gayA sabase pahalA vRtti grantha hai| yaha svanAmadhanya AcArya pUjyapAda kI amara kRti hai| yaha pANini vyAkaraNa para likhe gaye pAtaJjala bhASya kI zailI meM likhA gayA hai / yadi kisI ko zAnta rasa garbhita sAhitya ke paDhane kA AnaMda lenA ho to use isa grantha kA avazya hI svAdhyAya karanA caahie| AcArya pUjyapAda ke sAmane isa vRtti grantha kI racanA karate samaya SaTkhaNDAgama prabhRti bahuvidha prAcIna sAhitya upasthita thaa| unhoMne isa samagra sAhitya kA yathAsthAna bahuvidha upayoga kiyA hai| sAtha hI unake isa vatti grantha ke avalokana se yaha bhI mAlUma paDatA hai ki isakI racanA ke pUrva tattvArthasUtra para (TIkATIppaNIrUpa) aura bhI aneka racanAeM lipibaddha ho cukI thiiN| vaise vartamAna meM upalabdha yaha sarvaprathama racanA hai / zvetAmbara paramparAmAnya tattvArthAdhigamabhASya isake bAda kI racanA hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke avalokana se isa bAta kA to patA lagatA hai ki isake pUrva zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya racA jA cukA thA, parantu tattvArthAdhigamabhASya likhA jA cukA thA isakA yatkiMcit bhI patA nahIM lgtaa| itanA avazya hai ki bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ke tattvArthavArtika meM aise ullekha avazya hI upalabdha hote haiM jo isa tathya ke sAkSI haiM ki tattvArthAdhigamabhASya unake pUrva kI racanA hai| isa lie sunizcita rUpa se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti kA tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ina donoM AcAryoM ke madhya kAla meM kisI samaya lipibaddha huA hai| sarvArthasiddhi vRtti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM pratyeka sUtra ke saba padoM kI vyAkhyA nape-tule zabdoM meM sAMgopAMga kI gaI hai / yadi kisI sUtra ke vividha padoM meM liMgabheda aura vacanabheda hai to usakA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| yadi kisI sUtra meM AgamakA vaimatya hone kA sandeha pratIta huA to usakI sandhi biThalAI gaI hai aura yadi kisI sUtra meM ekase adhikavAra 'ca' zabdakI tathA kahIM 'tu' Adi zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to unakI upayogitA para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha racanA itanI sundara aura sarvAMgapUrNa bana paDI hai ki samagra jaina vAGmaya meM usa zalImeM likhe gaye dUsare vRtti, bhASya yA TIkA granthakA upalabdha honA durlabha hai| yaha vi. saM. kI pA~cavI zatAbdi ke uttarArdha se lekara chaThI 1. dekho, prastAvanA, sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 46 Adi / 2. dekho, prastAvanA, sarvArthasiddhi, pR. 42 / 3. dekho, a. 7 su. 13 / 4. dekho tattvArtha bhASya a. 3 sU. 1 Adi / 5. a. dekho, 1, sU. 1 Adi / 6. dakho, a. 4, sU. 22 / 7. a. 2, sU. / 8. dekho, a. 4, sU. 31 / /
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________________ 54 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha zatAbdi ke pUrvArdha meM isa bIca kisI samaya lipibaddha huI hai / aneka nirvivAda pramANoM se AcArya pUjyapAda kA yahI vAstavyakAla sunizcita hotA hai / itanA avazya hai yaha unake dvArA racita jainendra vyAkaraNa ke bAda kI racanA honI cAhie' / 2. tattvArthavArtikabhASya tattvArthasUtra ke vistRta vivecana ke rUpa meM likhA gayA tattvAryavArtikabhASya yaha dUsarI amara kRti hai / sarvArthasiddhi ke prAyaH sabhI maulika vacanoM ko bhASyarUpa meM svIkAra kara isakI racanA kI gaI hai / isa AdhAra se ise tattvArthasUtra ke sAtha sarvArthasiddhi kA bhI vistRta vivecana svIkAra karane meM atyukti pratIta nahIM hotI / samagra jaina paramparA meM bhaTTa akalaMka deva kI jaisI khyAti hai usI ke anurUpa isakA nirmANa huA hai isameM sandeha nahIM / isameM kaI aise navIna viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai jinakA vizeSa vivecana sarvArthasiddhi meM upalabdha nahIM hotA / udAharaNa svarUpa prathama adhyAya ke 8 veM sUtra ko lIjie / isameM anekAnta viSaya ko jisa sundara arthagarbha aura sarala zailI meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai vaha anupama hai / isI prakAra dUsare adhyAya meM 5 bhAvoM ke prasaMga se sAnnipAtika bhAvoM kA vivecana tathA cauthe adhyAya ke anta meM punaH anekAnta kA gambhIra isa racanA kI apanI vizeSatA hai / aneka pramANoM se bhaTTa akalaMka deva kA vAstavya kAla vi. saM. 8 vIM zatAbdi kA pUrvArdha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isaliye yaha racanA usI samaya kI mAnanI cAhie | 3. tattvArthazlokavArtikabhASya tattvArtha-zlokavArtikabhASya yaha tattvArthasUtra kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM likhI gaI tIsarI amara kRti hai / isake raciyatA AcArya vidyAnanda hai / inakI apanI eka zailI hai jo unheM AcArya samantabhadra aura bhaTTa akalaMka deva kI virAsata ke rUpa meM prApta huI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki tattvArthazlokavArtikabhASya kI samagra racanA dArzanika zailI meM huI hai| isa racanA kA Adhe se adhika bhAga prathama adhyAya ko diyA gayA hai aura zeSa bhAga meM nau adhyAya samApta kiye gaye haiM / usameM bhI prathama adhyAya ke prathama sUtra kI racanA kI apanI khAsa vizeSatA hai / samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra tInoM milakara mokSamArga hai yaha sAmAnya vacana hai / isake vistRta aura yathAvat svarUpa kA parijJAna isameM bahutahI vizada rUpase karAyA gayA hai| vartamAna samaya meM nizcaya-vyavahAra kI yathAvata maryAdA ke viSaya meM baDI khIMcAtAnI hotI rahatI hai / use dUra karane ke lie isase baDI sahAyatA milatI hai / vivakSita kArya ke prati anya ko nimitta kisa rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie isakA spaSTa khulAsA karane meM bhI yaha racanA bejoDa hai / aise aneka saiddhAntika aura dArzanika prazna haiM jinakA samyak samAdhAna bhI isase kiyA jA sakatA hai / aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhArapara AcArya vidyAnanda kA vAstavya kAla vi. saM 8 vIM zatAbdi kA uttarArdha aura 9 vIM zatAbdi kA pUrvArdha nizcita hone se yaha racanA usI samaya kI samajhanI cAhie / 1. dekho, sarvArthasiddhi prastAvanA, pR. 88 /
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________________ tattvArthasUtra aura usakI TIkAeM 4. anya TIkAsAhitya digambara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kA vistRta aura sAMgopAMga vivecana karanevAlI ye tIna racanAeM mukhya haiM / inake atirikta tattvArthavRtti Adi aura bhI aneka prakAzita aura aprakAzita racanAeM haiM / hindI, marAThI aura gujarAtI Adi anya aneka bhASAoM meM bhI tattvArthasUtra para choTebaDe aneka vivecana likhe jA cuke haiM / yadi tattvArthasUtra para vividha bhASAoM meM likhe gaye saba vivecanoM kI sUcI taiyAra kI jAya to usakI saMkhyA sau se adhika ho jAyagI / isalie una saba para yahA~ na to pRthaka rUpa se prakAza hI DAlA gayA hai aura na vaisI sUcI hI dI gaI hai / I zvetAmbara paramparA digambara paramparA meM tattvArthasUtra kA kyA sthAna hai yahA~ taka isakA vicAra kiyaa| Age saMkSepa meM zvetAmbara paramparA ne tattvArthasUtra ko kisa rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai isakA uhApoha kara lenA iSTa pratIta hotA hai / AcArya piccha AcArya kundakunda ke paTTadhara ziSya the / unhoMne kisI bhavya jIva ke anurodha paratattvArthasUtra kI racanA kI hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha sarvArthasiddhi yaha usakI prathama vRtti hai / sarvArthasiddhi ke raciyatA AcArya pUjyapAda kA lagabhaga vahI samaya hai jaba zvetAmbara paramparA meM devArdhagaNi kI adhyakSatA meM zvetAmbara AgamoM kA saMkalana huA thA / kintu usase sAhityika kSudhA kI nivRtti hotI huI na dekhakara zvetAmbara paramparA kA dhyAna digambara paramparA ke sAhitya kI ora gayA / usI ke phala svarUpa 7 va 8 vIM zatAbdi ke madhya kisI samaya umAsvAti vAcaka ne tattvArthasUtra meM parivartana kara bhASyasahita tattvArthAdhigama kI racanA kii| unakA yaha saMgraha grantha hai isakA ullekha unhoMne svayaM svaracita eka kArikA meM kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM 55 tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM bahvarthaM saMgrahaM laghugrantham / vakSyAmi ziSyahitamimamarhadvacanaikadezasya // 22 // isase yaha bilakula spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAcaka umAsvAti kI yaha svatantra racanA nahIM hai / kintu anya dvArA racita racanAoM ke AdhAra se isakA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai / inake svanirmita bhASya meM kucha aise bhASya ko lipibaddha karate uttara kAlIna stuti tathya bhI upalabdha hote haiM jinase vidita hotA hai ki tattvArthAdhigama aura usake samaya inake sAmane tattvArthasUtra aura usakI sarvArthasiddhivRtti unake sAmane rahI hai / ' stotroM meM stutikAroM dvArA guNAnuvAda Adi meM apanI asamarthatA vyakta karane ke liye jaisI kavitA lipibaddha kI gaI usakA padAnusaraNa inhoMne svaracita kArikAoM meM bahulatA se kiyA hai / isase bhI aisA pratIta hotA hai ki inakI yaha racanA 7 vIM 8 vIM zatAbdi se bahuta pahale kI nahIM honI cAhie / udAharaNa dekhie / 1. dekho, sarvArthasiddhi prastAvanA 44-45 Adi /
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________________ 56 A. zAMtisAgarajI janmazatAbdi smRtigraMtha vyomnIndaM cikramiSenmerugiri pANinA cikampayet / gatyAnilaM jigISeccaramasamudraM pipAsecca / / inhoMne apanI racanA meM yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki jisa jinavacana mahodadhi para aneka bhASya likhe gaye usako pAra karane meM kauna samartha hai| yaha to sunizcita hai ki zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya para jo bhASya likhe gaye ve saba sAtavIM zatAbdi ke pUrva ke nahIM hai / ataH yaha svayaM unhIMke zabdoMse spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki tattvArthAdhigama mAnya sUtrapATha aura bhASya ye donoM zvetAmbara AgamoM para likhe gaye bhASyoMke pUrva kI racanAeM nahIM hai| yaha zvetAmbara paramparAmAnya tattvArthAdhigamasUtra aura usake bhASyakI sthiti hai| inake Upara haribhadra aura siddhasanagaNi kI vistRta TIkAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| ye donoM TIkAkAra bhaTTa akalaMka devake kucha kAla bAda hue pratIta hote haiM, kyoMki inakI TIkAoM meM aise aneka ullekha pAye jAte haiM jo tattvArthavArtikaMbhASya ke AbhArI haiN| inake bAda aisI choTI baDI aura bhI aneka TIkAeM samaya samaya para likhI gaI haiM jina para vizeSa UhApoha prajJAcakSu paM. sukhalAlajI ne tattvArthasUtra ke vivecana meM kiyA hai / isa prakAra tattvArthasUtra kA saMkSepa meM yaha sarvAMgINa AloDana hai /